Mu 1850 Christian Socialist Charles Kingsley adalemba kabuku kotchedwa Cheap Clothes and Nasty ponena za "thukuta" mu
Malipiro aumphawi, malo ogwirira ntchito oopsa, maola ochuluka, ntchito zosatetezeka, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ana ndi ufulu wochepa wogwira ntchito. Zaka zoposa 150 pambuyo pake, mikhalidwe yambiri yankhanza imene Kingsley anatchula ku Victorian England idakalipo, ngakhale kuti mโmaiko otukuka kumene, kutali kwambiri ndi kulira kosalekeza kwa tilima mโmisewu yathu ikuluikulu.
Kuyambira mchaka cha 1989 bungwe la Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC) lakhala likuyesetsa kukonza malipiro ndi mikhalidwe ya ogwira ntchito m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Zovala Zoyera za Liesbeth Sluiter ndi mbiri yatsatanetsatane ya CCC, kutengera zoyankhulana, zolemba zakale, zolemba zamakampani, manyuzipepala ndi malipoti a mboni zowona ndi maso. Sluiter, mtolankhani wodziyimira pawokha wachi Dutch, akunena kuti makampani opanga zovala ali "monga madzi" pomwe akupita "pamlingo wotsika kwambiri - wamalipiro ndi bungwe la ogwira ntchito." Iye akufotokoza kuti nthawi zonse antchito akakwanitsa "kudzikonzekeretsa okha ndi kukweza malipiro ndi mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito, makampaniwa ankadzaza ndi kupita patsogolo, kufunafuna malo otsika mtengo."
Kumaiko a Kumadzulo nkhaniyo kaลตirikaลตiri amainyalanyaza monga nkhaลตa yokha ya omasula mtima akukhetsa mwazi. Komabe, Sluiter amabwerera mobwerezabwereza kukana kwa omwe amagwira ntchito mu sweatshops okha. Mwachitsanzo, potsutsa malipiro a njala ndi kuponderezedwa kwa mabungwe ogwira ntchito, ogwira ntchito ku Bangladesh anawotcha mafakitale awo 200 mu 2006. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi m'mbuyomo, omenyera ufulu wa anthu a ku Thailand anabisala Tiger Woods, yemwe anali katswiri wa gofu, akumamuuza kuti pangano lake lothandizira Nike kwa zaka zisanu linali lofanana ndi . ndalama zogulira nsapato zaku Thailand zomwe zimagwira ntchito zaka 72,000 pamapeto pake.
Voliyumu yaying'ono, Zovala Zoyera nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolemetsa, tsamba lililonse lodzaza ndi mawu achidule komanso zowuma kwambiri, zokambirana zatsatanetsatane zamalamulo amakampani opanga zovala. Zowoneka bwino kwambiri ngati bukhu la omenyera ufulu wa anthu kapena bungwe la mabungwe, omwe ali ndi chidwi chenicheni, komanso chidziwitso chakuya, mutuwu apindula kwambiri ndi bukhuli.
Palibe kukayikira, monga Sluiter akutsutsa, gulu la anti-sweatshop lapindula kwambiri mu nthawi yochepa, kuchokera kukulitsa chidziwitso cha ogula za mikhalidwe ya ogwira ntchito omwe amapanga zovala zawo kuti zikhale zochepetsetsa pazochitika za ogwira ntchito ambiri. Pali zambiri zoti tichite. Pokhapokha mwezi uno War on Want adawonetsa kuti zovala za Primark zikupitilizabe kupangidwa ndi antchito aku Bangladeshi omwe amangolandira $ 20 pamwezi - osakwana theka la malipiro amoyo - m'malo ovuta.
Ndi makampani opanga zovala zapadziko lonse lapansi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito dipatimenti yayikulu yolumikizirana ndi anthu kuti ateteze zomwe akuchita komanso kusokoneza nkhani yovuta kale, buku la Sluiter, ngakhale kuti ndi lotopetsa, ndi chikalata chofunikira pakumenyera ufulu wa ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.
Zovala zoyera. Gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lothetsa zotuluka thukuta limasindikizidwa ndi Pluto Press, pamtengo wa ยฃ12.99.
*Ian Sinclair ndi wolemba pawokha yemwe amakhala ku
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