LOLEMBA NOV 25, 2013 7:00 AM
Boeing Agwira Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito Pankhondo Yambiri Ndi Boma la Boma ndi Machinists
BY ROGER BYBEE
Boeing yawopseza kusuntha kupanga ndege ya 777X, mtundu womwe ukuyembekezeredwa kwambiri wa 777, kuchokera ku Washington state. (Boeing Dreamscape / Wikimedia Commons)
Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, Boeing yakhala ikukwera. Mu 2012, bungwe lopanga ndege lidapeza ndalama zokwana $3.9 biliyoni; akuyembekezeka kupeza ndalama zosachepera $4.2 biliyoni chaka chino. Ndipo chifukwa cha $95 biliyoni yoyitanitsa pasadakhale ndege yake yatsopano ya 777X, masheya akwera kwambiri.
Komabe ngakhale izi zikuyenda bwino, Boeing adaganiza zokhala mkangano wamitundu iwiri ndi boma la Washington ndi International Association of Machinists (IAM), pogwiritsa ntchito masauzande a ntchito za Boeing kudera la Seattle's Puget Sound ngati chothandizira kuyesa kupeza msonkho wapamwamba. kusweka ndi kuvomereza kwakukulu kwa mgwirizano, motsatana. Ngati boma ndi mabungwe sanapereke zomwe kampaniyo idapempha, kampaniyo idati, ikuyenera kusuntha gawo lalikulu la ntchito zake zatsopano zopanga 777X kwina.
"Tidasankha kuchita nawo Puget Sound poyamba, koma popanda kuvomerezedwa kwathunthu ndi mgwirizano ndi nyumba yamalamulo, sitikhala opanda chochita koma kutsegula ntchitoyi mopikisana ndikutsata njira zina zopezera ntchito ya 777X," mneneri wa bungweli. Boeing adafotokoza m'mawu ake.
Ndi tsogolo la ntchito zokwana 56,000 zopanga 777X m'dera la Puget Sound lomwe lili pachiwopsezo, akuluakulu aboma la Washington adathamangira mwachangu. Pa November 9, Gov. Jay Inslee ndi nyumba yamalamulo ya boma adapereka Boeing mu gawo lapadera la Loweruka, ndikupangitsa kuti misonkho yayikulu igwirizane ndi ntchito zomwe zatsala ku Washington. Koma kukula kwa misonkho kunali kochititsa chidwi: $ 8.7 biliyoni pazaka 16 zotsatira chachikulu kwambiri cha boma thandizo la msonkho lomwe linaperekedwa ku United States. M'dziko lomwe makampani amatenga kale zoyerekeza $ 80 biliyoni pachaka kuchokera ku mayiko 50, kusiyana koteroko sikochepa.
Pakadali pano, Boeing idapemphanso kuti Machinists amderali, IAM District Lodge 751, adalandila contract yazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zikuphatikizapo skimpy, sub-inflation general kukwezedwa kwa 1 peresenti chaka chilichonse, kukwera mtengo kwachipatala ndi kutsika kwa penshoni. Ngakhale mgwirizano wa Boeing ndi Machinists sutha mpaka 2016, kampaniyo idakakamizika kukambirananso koyambirira. Ndipo kachiwiri, monga polimbana ndi boma la Washington, Boeing adawopseza kuti asamutse kupanga 777X kwina kulikonse ngati District 751 ikakana mgwirizanowu.
Malinga ndi mneneri wa District 751 Bryan Corliss, Boeing adanenanso za kuthekera kosinthira ntchito ya 777X kupita kumasamba ena osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza North Charleston, SC; San Antonio, Texas; Huntsville, Ala. (kumene amagwiritsa ntchito malo oyesera roketi); Long Beach, Calif; ndi Ogden, Utah. Zina mwazomerazi sizogwirizana, ngakhale ogwira ntchito pafakitale ku Long Beach amaimiridwa ndi a United Auto Workers.
Atsogoleri a chigawo cha 751 sananenepo kanthu pankhaniyi, atero a Corliss. Koma tsatanetsatane wa zofuna za Boeing zidabweretsa kutsutsa koopsa pakati pa mamembala omwe ali ndi maudindo. Chiwopsezo cha Boeing chosuntha—ndipo mwinanso kudula—ntchito masauzande masauzande ambiri a malipiro abwino. adangowonjezera kukangana kumeneko. Pamsonkhanowo mavoti asanachitike, Purezidenti wa 751 Tom Wroblewski adafika mpaka pano. kung'amba kope lamalingaliro pamaso pa mazana a mamembala a District 751. Pamapeto pake, mamembalawo adavota momveka bwino malingaliro a Boeing ndi malire a 2-1.
"Popanda ziganizo zakuwonjezera kontrakitiyi, tatsala opanda chochita koma kutsegulira njirayo mopikisana ndikutsata njira zonse za 777X," a Ray Conner, wamkulu wa gulu la ndege la Boeing, anachenjezedwa posakhalitsa mamembala 31,000 a District 751 anakana dongosolo la kampani. Conner anapitiriza kuti, "Cholinga chathu [ndi kusinthidwa kwa mgwirizano] chinali pawiri: kuti 777X ndi mapiko ake atsopano apangidwe mu Puget Sound ndikupanga mpikisano kuti tiwonetsetse kuti tikupitiriza malipiro apamwamba pamsika, chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi phindu lapuma pantchito. ndikusunga ntchito ndi mafakitale athu kuno m'derali. "
Jake Rosenfeld, katswiri wa zantchito wa pa yunivesite ya Washington, anamasulira mawuwa kukhala akutanthauza kuti: “Chimene kampaniyo ikufuna ndi miyezo ya ogwira ntchito ku South Carolina yokhala ndi luso laukatswiri limene ogwira ntchito ku Boeing aku Washington ali nalo.” Ogwira ntchito ku South Carolina amakhala ndi malipiro ochepa komanso osaphunzira kuposa anzawo aku Washington; udindo wa boma wa “ufulu wogwira ntchito” umalolanso olemba ntchito kulemba ntchito ndi kuthamangitsa antchito mochulukira kapena mochepera pakufuna kwawo.
Poyang'anizana ndi kukana kwa ogwira ntchito ku mgwirizanowu, antchito ena ndi akuluakulu aboma akupitirizabe kudandaula kuti Boeing adzachita bwino poopseza kuti athetse kupanga kuchoka ku Pacific Northwest. Kupatula apo, kampaniyo idachitapo izi kale. Mu 2009, poyesa kubwezera IAM za kumenya, Boeing inasamutsa ntchito zosachepera 2,000 kupanga 787 Dreamliner kuchokera ku Washington kupita ku North Charleston, SC The IAM ndiye adapereka madandaulo ku National Labor Relations Board, yomwe idagamula kuti. Zomwe Boeing adachita zinali zosaloledwa. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri, mkanganowo unathetsedwa ndi "kuwonjezera mgwirizano wazaka zinayi "kuphatikiza a Kudzipereka kwa Boeing kumanga 737 MAX ku Renton, Wash., ndi lonjezo la bungweli kuti lidandaulira [NLRB] kuti ichotse mlandu wake wotsutsa kampaniyo. "
Ngakhale Boeing imagwira ntchito m'malo ambiri, kuwopseza kusuntha kupanga kwake kwa 777X kungakhale ndi zovuta zofanana ndi kayendetsedwe ka North Charleston. Kuphatikiza pa mlanduwu, zolemba zamakampani zamkati zidawulula izi Boeing amayembekezera mavuto ku South Carolina monga mtengo wokwera kwambiri, kuchedwetsa kupanga, kuvutikira kwaunyolo komanso kasamalidwe ndi antchito osadziwa zambiri. Chikalata chimodzi ngakhale adavomereza bwino, "Ubwino wokhawo womwe Charleston adapeza unali wokhoza 'kuwonjezera' chigamulo chokhazikitsa malo kuti 'ayambitsenso ubale wosagwirizana komanso wosapikisana nawo pantchito.'
Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe Boeing ataphimbidwa pang'ono zitha kuyimira kuphwanya malamulo a ntchito, malinga ndi pulofesa wa zantchito ku Cornell University Kate Bronfenbrenner, wolemba Palibe Choletsa: Kuwonjezeka kwa Olemba Ntchito Kutsutsa Kukonzekera. "Boeing akuchita zomwezo zomwe adalangidwa zaka ziwiri zapitazo [ku South Carolina]," akufotokoza motero. "Kuwopseza kusamuka kuti akalandire chilolezo ndikukambirana molakwika pansi pa National Labor Relations Act."
Pakadali pano, sizikudziwika ngati IAM ipereka mlandu ku NLRB motsutsana ndi Boeing monga idachitira zaka ziwiri zapitazo. Komabe, ngakhale Corliss anakana kuyankhapo ngati mgwirizanowu ukukonzekera kuchitapo kanthu pazamalamulo, alibe nkhawa mwanjira iliyonse. Akuganiza kuti ngakhale zili zovuta, Boeing ili ndi njira zochepa zosinthira. "Timakhulupirira kwambiri kuti malo a Puget Sound ndiye malo abwino kwambiri opangira 777X," akutero. "Tili ndi antchito apamwamba kwambiri opanga ndege ku North America, ngati si dziko lapansi. Zomangamanga zonse zilipo kale pano, supplier network, supplier chain. "
Iye akupitiriza kuti, “Boeing imabweretsa mbali zambiri kuchokera ku Japan ndi sitima yapamadzi, motero malo abwino kwambiri, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti, ayenera kukhala padoko—chifukwa kusuntha mbali zamlengalenga ndi ndege sikunayende bwino.” Komanso, monga akunenera, "Washington ili ndi pulogalamu yamphamvu kwambiri yophunzitsa ogwira ntchito zamlengalenga."
Ndipo kupuma kwa msonkho kwa Boeing kumene kwangopeza kumene kuchokera ku boma sikupweteka, mwina. "M'maso mwathu," Corliss akumaliza, "Malo abwino kwambiri opangira 777X apeza bwino."
Kuwulura kwathunthu: The United Auto Workers ndi wothandizira tsamba la Mu Nthawi Izi.
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