Mu 2009, kuchepa kwakukulu kwachuma kudayambitsa mliri wa kuchotsedwa ntchito ndi kulandidwa, New York Times anafunsa Barbara Ehrenreich kuti alembe nkhani zokhudza umphaลตi ku United States. Anapita ku Los Angeles, komwe ndinamudziwitsa za anthu ammudzi, ufulu wa anthu obwereka nyumba, ndi okonza mabungwe. Anapitanso ku Detroit, Dallas, Baltimore, Saint Louis, Racine, Wisconsin, Wilmington, Delaware, ndi New York, kuyankhula ndi anthu omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa komanso ofufuza zaumphawi ndi olimbikitsa. Atabwerera kunyumba kwawo ku Virginia, adanditumizira imelo, "Ndakonzeka kuyang'ana zolemba zanga ndikuwona komwe ndafikira. Zinali zovuta kwambiri, koma ndikumva mkwiyo wanga ukukulirakulira, kotero ndiyenera kulingalirapo kanthu. โ
Chomwe anazindikira chinali chakuti umphawi ukusintha. M'nkhani zinayi zochititsa chidwi ("Kodi Tsopano Ndi Mlandu Kukhala Wosauka?, ""The Recession's Racial Divide, ""Osauka Kwambiri Kuti Apange Nkhani, "Ndi"Homespun Safety Netโ), adalongosola magulu awiri a anthu aku America omwe akupirira zovuta komanso umphawi: anthu ocheperako komanso omwe anali osauka chuma chisanachitike komanso omwe zinthu zidawayipira kwambiri. Koma adawonanso gulu lomwe likukulirakulira pakati pa osauka ndi ogwirizana nawo kuti atsutse kusakhudzidwa kwa America ndi umphawi, malipiro ochepa, komanso ukonde wopanda mafupa.
Malipoti ake adawonetsa malingaliro ake awiri osakhazikika pa moyo: mkwiyo ndi chiyembekezo. Zinali zingwe zolimba kuti Ehrenreich - yemwe adamwalira ndi sitiroko Lachinayi zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu chimodzi kumalo osungira odwala ku Alexandria, Virginia - adayenda nthawi yayitali ya moyo wake.
Kutembenuza Radical Kukhala Commonsense
Mutu wankhani pa New York Times' omwalira adatcha Ehrenreich "Explorer of Prosperity's Dark Side." Nzowona kuti, mofanana ndi atolankhani ena ambiri ankhalwe ndi osintha zinthu mopambanitsa, Ehrenreich anavumbula mbali yamdima (ndi yaumunthu) ya kusagwirizana kwa United States, kupanda chilungamo, ndi kuvutika kosafunikira. Koma sanali chabe wodzudzula anthu amene amakankhira mabomba m'mbali. Analinso msilikali yemwe adasintha mkwiyo wake wotentha kuti achitepo kanthu.
Ehrenreich anali pamzere wakutsogolo pamisonkhano yopita patsogolo ya moyo wake: ntchito, ukazi, kudana ndi nkhondo, ufulu wachibadwidwe, ndi demokalase. Analimbana ndi chisalungamo ndi zolemba zake zambiri, zolankhula zambiri, komanso kulowerera kwambiri m'magulu awa. Adayesetsa kuganiza za dziko labwinoko - pakanthawi kochepa komanso kwakanthawi.
Ehrenreich adalemba mabuku makumi awiri ndi atatu, ena mwa iwo akutolere zolemba zake, mizati, ndi malipoti ofufuza a zofalitsa monga New York Times, Timendipo Harper's. Amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha buku lake la 2001, Nickel ndi Dimed: Yayamba (Osati) Ndikafika ku America, za osauka ogwira ntchito.
Nzeru zake, kunyodola koopsa, kusalemekeza, komanso malingaliro ake okhazikika zidapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa owerenga ambiri kuvomereza, kapena kusamala, malingaliro akumanzere a Ehrenreich pazachuma, migwirizano, ufulu wa amayi, bizinesi yayikulu, ndi ndale. Anapanga malingaliro amphamvu kumveka ngati nzeru.
Anatengera kunyada kwa makolo ake ogwira ntchito ndi kukayikira anthu apamwamba.
Ehrenreich adabadwa Barbara Alexander pa Ogasiti 26, 1941, kwa Isabelle Oxley ndi Ben Howes Alexander ku Butte, Montana, komwe adafotokoza kuti ndiye "tawuni yamigodi yabuluu, yaphokoso, yaphokoso."
Amayi ake, ogwira ntchito panyumba, anachokera ku banja la migodi. Monga nthumwi ina ku msonkhano wa Democratic Party mu 1964, adalowa nawo zionetsero za Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party zomwe zinayesa kuchotsa nthumwi zapagululi.
Bambo ake, a m'badwo wachitatu wa mgodi wa mkuwa, pamapeto pake adathawa ntchito yovutayi popita ku Montana State School of Mines (yemwe pambuyo pake idatchedwa Montana Technological University) kenako Carnegie Mellon University, akukwera kukhala wamkulu wamkulu ku Gillette Corporation. Bambo ake atapitiliza maphunziro awo ndi ntchito yake, banjali linkasuntha pafupipafupi, kuchokera ku Montana kupita ku Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts, ndipo pomaliza pake Los Angeles. Makolo ake anasudzulana pambuyo pake.
Poyankhulana ndi C-SPAN, adalongosola makolo ake ngati "anthu ogwirizana kwambiri." Anali ndi malamulo awiri amphamvu, adakumbukira kuti: "Osawoloka mzere ndipo osavotera Republican."
"Monga mtsikana wamng'ono," adatero New York Times:
Ndinkapita kusukulu ndipo ndimayenera kusankha ngati makolo anga anali anthu oipa amene ankawanena, omwe ndi mbali ya Red Menace yomwe timawerenga mโbukuli. Wowerenga Wamlungu ndi mlungu, chifukwa chakuti amayi anga anali wa demokalase womasuka amene nthaลตi zonse amalankhula za kupanda chilungamo kwa fuko.
M'mabuku ake a 1990, Zaka Zovuta Kwambiri za Moyo Wathu, Iye anafotokoza za abambo ake, omwe anali ndi matenda a Alzheimer koma omwe sanaiwale zandale. Popima maganizo ndi dokotala wa minyewa, anafunsidwa dzina la pulezidenti wa United States. Monga momwe Ehrenreich anakumbukila, โMaso ake abuluu anali kuyangโana modabwitsa, akudabwa ndi umbuli wa katswiri wa minyewa, ndiyeno iye anali kufwenthera mokwiya kwambiri, โReagan, mwana wosayankhula uja wa nkhonya.โโ
Ehrenreich anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Reed College mu 1963 ndi digiri ya chemistry yakuthupi ndipo adalandira PhD mu cellular immunology kuchokera ku Rockefeller University mu 1968. Anasiya mwamsanga ntchito ya sayansi yolemba ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Mu 1969 iye ndi mwamuna wake woyamba, John Ehrenreich, katswiri wa zamaganizo yemwe anakumana naye mu gulu lodana ndi nkhondo, analemba. Long March, Short Spring, nkhani ya wophunzirayo kupandukira nkhondo ya Vietnam. Ehrenreich anagwiritsa ntchito luso lake la sayansi m'mabuku ake oyambirira okhudza chithandizo chamankhwala, ndipo adatsutsa kwambiri chithandizo chamankhwala chokhudzana ndi makampani komanso nkhanza zomwe madokotala ndi zipatala amachitira akazi.
Mu 1969 adapita kukagwira ntchito ku bungwe laling'ono lopanda phindu, Health Policy Advisory Center, lomwe limalimbikitsa chisamaliro chabwino chaumoyo kwa anthu opeza ndalama zochepa. Ehrenreich analemba nkhani zofufuza za m'makalata a mwezi ndi mwezi a bungwe, zomwe zina zidaphatikizidwa m'buku lake lomwe adalemba. The American Health Empire: Mphamvu, Phindu, ndi Ndale (1971).
Kubadwa kwa mwana wake woyamba Rosa, kuchipatala chapagulu ku New York mu 1970, kunasintha Ehrenreich kudzizindikira. "Ndinali wodwala ndekha mzungu pachipatala," adafotokozera Globe ndi Mail, nyuzipepala ya ku Canada, mu 1987,
ndipo ndidapeza kuti awa ndi omwe amayi azaumoyo amapeza. Anandinyengerera kuti ndigwire ntchito chifukwa unali madzulo ndipo adokotala ankafuna kupita kunyumba. Ndinakwiya. Chondichitikiracho chinandipangitsa ine kukhala wokonda zachikazi. . . . Chisamaliro cha oyembekezera chomwe ndinalandira pachipatala china chinandisonyeza kuti ma PhD anali osatetezedwa ku mitundu yoipitsitsa ya kugonana.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ukatswiri wa Ehrenreich pankhani zazaumoyo udalumikizana ndi ukazi wake. Kabuku kake ka 1972 (kolembedwa ndi Deirdre English), Afiti, Azamba, ndi Anamwino: A History of Women Healers, idakhala chiwonetsero cha kayendetsedwe kazaumoyo wa azimayi. Anatsatira izi Madandaulo ndi Mavuto: Ndale Zogonana za Matenda (1977) ndi Kwa Ubwino Wake: Zaka zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu za upangiri wa akatswiri kwa azimayi (1989), zomwe zinathandizira kufalitsa lingaliro lakuti chisamaliro chaumoyo chimayang'anira zosankha za amayi mwa kusokoneza luso la madokotala (makamaka amuna). Mu 1971 adakhala wothandizira pulofesa wa sayansi ya zaumoyo ku State University of New York, Old Westbury, koma adasiya pambuyo pa zaka zitatu kuti adzipereke ku zolemba zanthawi zonse ndi zolimbikitsa.
Mu 1980 Ehrenreich adagawana nawo National Magazine Award ndi anzawo ku Mayi Jones chifukwa chakuchita bwino popereka lipoti, pa nkhani yachikuto "The Corporate Crime of the Century,โ ponena za โzomwe zimachitika boma la United States likatulutsa mankhwala oopsa, mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena zinthu zina pamsika wapakhomo, kenako wopangayo amagulitsanso mankhwala omwewo, nthawi zambiri mothandizidwa ndi Boma padziko lonse lapansi.โ Pakati pa 1994 ndi 1998, Ehrenreich anali wolemba nthawi zonse Time magazini. Pambuyo pake panabwera ntchito yake yodziwika bwino: Nickel ndi dimed.
Osadutsa
Mu 1998 adayamba ntchito yake yolemba yomwe inali yofunika kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino potenga ntchito zingapo zolandira malipiro ochepa kuti awone momwe anthu aku America omwe ali pansi pazachuma amalimbana ndi umphawi wopitilira. Lingaliro lidawonekera pachakudya chamasana chokwera mtengo pamalo odyera aku America nouveau ndi Harper a mkonzi Lewis Lapham, yemwe adamulimbikitsa kuti apite "mobisala" kuti atsutse malingaliro okhudza osauka.
Ntchitoyi inamutengera ku Key West, Florida, kumene ankadikirira matebulo; kupita ku Portland, Maine, komwe adagwira ntchito yothandiza pazakudya m'nyumba yosungirako okalamba komanso wantchito pantchito yoyeretsa; ndi ku Minneapolis, Minnesota, komwe ankagwira ntchito ngati kalaliki ku Walmart.
Ehrenreich anadziikira malamulo ena: osadalira maphunziro ake kapena luso lolemba kuti apeze ntchito, kutenga ntchito yolipira kwambiri yomwe amapatsidwa, ndikupeza malo otsika mtengo kwambiri omwe akanatha. Cholinga chake sichinali kukhala ndi umphawi kokha komanso kuchita masamu: monga wantchito wolandira malipiro ochepa, kodi akanathadi kupeza zofunika pamoyo?
Mutha kuganiza kuti ntchito zopanda luso zingakhale zosavuta kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi Ph.D. ndipo ntchito yake yanthawi zonse imafuna kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano pakatha milungu ingapo. Sichoncho. Chinthu choyamba chimene ndinapeza nโchakuti palibe ntchito, ngakhale yonyozeka bwanji, imene ilidi โyopanda luso.โ
Ankalandira pafupifupi theka la malipiro a moyo wake, ndipo sakanatha kulingalira kuchirikiza ana kapena kulipirira ndalama zachipatala pa $7 pa ola kapena kuposa pamenepo.
iye 1999 Achigololo Nkhani yokhudzana ndi zomwe adakumana nazo idamupatsa Mphotho ya Sidney Hillman ndipo idakhala mutu m'buku lake, Nickel ndi Dimed: Pa (Osati) Kupita ku America, lofalitsidwa mu 2001. Iye anati:
Chimene chinandidabwitsa ndi kundikhumudwitsa kwambiri ponena za ntchito yolandira malipiro ochepa ndi mmene munthu amafunikira kugonjera ufulu wachibadwidwe wake ndi ulemu wake. Ndinaphunzira izi kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yanga monga woperekera zakudya, pamene ndinachenjezedwa kuti chikwama changa chikhoza kufufuzidwa ndi oyang'anira nthawi iliyonse. Sindinanyamule zotsuka zamchere zomwe zabedwa kapena china chilichonse chosokoneza, komabe, pali china chake chokhudza kusaka kwachikwama komwe kumapangitsa mkazi kumva mabatani ochepa atavala mokwanira.
Bukhulo mwamsanga linakhudza mtima. Zaka zisanu m'mbuyomo Purezidenti Bill Clinton ndi Republican Congress adakhazikitsa zomwe zimatchedwa kusintha kwazaumoyo, kuletsa chithandizo cha mabanja kwa amayi ndi ana, ndikukankhira anthu ambiri omwe kale anali kulandira chithandizo ku msika wogwira ntchito. Patapita zaka zingapo, akatswiri a zachuma ndi ndale ambiri adakondwerera ndondomekoyi ngati yopambana kwambiri, zomwe zimasonyeza kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mipukutu yopereka chithandizo.
Koma ena adanenanso kuti ngakhale kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali pazaufulu kudachepa, kusintha kwazaumoyo sikunachite zambiri kuti achepetse umphawi, chifukwa ambiri aiwo adamaliza ntchito zamalipiro ochepa, nthawi zambiri opanda inshuwaransi yazaumoyo - kuwasiya akuipiraipira. kutha kuposa kale.
Nickel ndi dimed anakhala masabata oposa zana pa New York Times mndandanda wogulitsidwa kwambiri ndikugulitsa makope opitilira 1.5 miliyoni. Makoloni ambiri anagawira bukuli mโmakalasi.
Gulu laling'ono koma lomveka bwino linatsutsa bukuli. Mu Julayi 2003, mwachitsanzo, osunga malamulo ku North Carolina adagula malonda amasamba onse Raleigh News & Observer akudandaula kuti ophunzira a pa yunivesite ya North Carolina ankafunika kuwerenga โnkhani yakale ya Marxistโ yomwe โimayambitsa nkhanza kwa Akhristu, osunga mwambo ndi ukapitalist.โ Koma aphunzitsi ena, ophunzira, ndi andale anagwiritsa ntchito bukuli kulimbikitsa anthu kuti awonjezere malipiro ochepa.
Kwa Achimerika ambiri, kuphatikiza ophunzira anga omwe, Nickel ndi dimed linali vumbulutso lotsegula maso. Ophunzira olemera adakumana ndi zomwe Ehrenreich adawonera komanso nkhani za ogwira nawo ntchito, zokumana nazo zowawa zogwirira ntchito za umphawi komanso kukhala ndi vuto lazachuma komanso lamalingaliro tsiku lililonse. Kwa ophunzira omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa, bukulo linawathandiza kumvetsetsa kuti kuvutika kwa mabanja awo sikunali chifukwa cha kulephera kwawo koma chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Nickel ndi dimed silinali bukhu lokonzekera, koma kufotokoza kwake mozama za kupanda chilungamo kunalimbikitsa owerenga ambiri - kuphatikizapo ena mwa ophunzira anga - kukhala olimbikitsa komanso kuchita ntchito monga okonzekera.
Mu njira zambiri, faifi tambala ndi Dimed zikufanana ndi ziwonetsero ziwiri zam'mbuyomu zaumphawi pakati pa chuma chomwe chidalimbikitsa chikumbumtima cha dziko: Michael Harrington's. The Other America (1962) ndi Jonathan Kozol Zosayenerera Zosayenerera (1991). Zomwe zidapanga Nickel ndi dimed zosiyana, komabe, kunali kumiza kwa munthu woyamba wa Ehrenreich m'dziko la anthu osauka ogwira ntchito ndi kufotokozera kwake kwa anthu olimbikira, aluso, ndi anzeru omwe adapeza umphawi wawo pantchito. Iye anakana kuwaona ngati anthu opanda thandizo. Anawapatsa mawu oti afotokoze zokhumudwitsa zawo komanso kuti aulule kupanda chilungamo kwa anthu.
Nickel ndi dimed zinathandiza kusintha kumvetsetsa kwa dziko pankhani ya kusalingana ndi umphawi. Anthu aku America ochulukirachulukira adazindikira kuti akuluakulu osauka ambiri, ngakhale osowa pokhala, amatolera ndalama, osati macheke. Pofika m'chaka cha 2001, kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti anthu ambiri aku America akufuna kukweza malipiro ochepa a federal. Kampeni zakomweko za malamulo a malipiro a moyo ndi ziwonetsero zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira motsutsana ndi Walmart (wolemba ntchito wamkulu m'dziko la anthu olandila malipiro ochepa) zikuwonetsanso kusintha kwa malingaliro a anthu Nickel ndi dimed zinathandizira kusintha, limodzi ndi kampeni yokweza malipiro pakati pa osamalira, ogwira ntchito zachakudya, ndi ogwira ntchito m'mahotela. Kucheperachepera kwa anthu apakati komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito zolipira umphawi kumapangitsa kuti kafukufuku waposachedwa wa Gallup apezeke. peresenti 71 a ku America amathandizira mabungwe - mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kuyambira 1965. Zimathandizanso kufotokoza kuwonjezereka kwaposachedwa kwa bungwe la mgwirizano - pakati pa ogwira ntchito ku Amazon osungira katundu, Starbucks baristas, osewera mpira wachinyamata, ndi antchito ena otsika.
"Anthu ambiri adanditamanda chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwanga pochita izi - zomwe ndinganene kuti: mamiliyoni a anthu amachita ntchito zotere tsiku lililonse kwa moyo wawo wonse - kodi simunawazindikire?" adatero mu 2018 malankhulidwe kuvomereza Mphotho ya Erasmus za malipoti ake ofufuza.
Kuti awonetsetse kuti azindikiridwa, mu 2012 adayambitsa Ntchito Yotolera Zovuta Zachuma, yomwe imathandizira atolankhani odziyimira pawokha kulemba za moyo wa anthu osauka, makamaka akumidzi.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino Malingaliro Ake
Lipoti la zachuma la Ehrenreich silinangoyang'ana osauka okha. Mu 2008, adasindikiza Dziko Limeneli Ndi Dziko Lawo: Malipoti Ochokera ku Mtundu Wogawanika za kukula kwa kusiyana pakati pa olemera a fuko ndi ena onse. Patapita zaka zitatu, gulu la Occupy Wall Street linabuka mโdziko lonselo. Ngakhale ntchito zitatha, mawu ake - 1 peresenti ndi 99 peresenti - adakopa chidwi cha dzikolo ndikuthandizira kuyambitsa ziwonetsero zatsopano.
Mofanana ndi anthu ambiri a ku America omwe ali apakati omwe amatsutsana ndi ufulu wa anthu, zotsutsana ndi nkhondo, ndi zachikazi, Ehrenreich adafuna kupeza njira zotsalira ophunzira ophunzitsidwa bwino kuti atsutsane ndi kalasi ya America ndi mtundu wa anthu monga momwe amachitira - monga aphunzitsi, ogwira ntchito zachitukuko, okonza mapulani. maloya, oyang'anira mabungwe osapindula, ogwira ntchito ku maziko, ndi atolankhani - mkati mwadongosolo. Mu 1977 nkhani chifukwa Radical America, iye ndi John Ehrenreich anayambitsa mawu akuti "professional-manageral class" (PMC) kufotokoza kuchuluka kwa "antchito amisala omwe amalipidwa" omwe ang'ambika pakati pa ogwira ntchito ndi akuluakulu apamwamba amakampani. Adadzifunsa kuti, kodi luso la PMC lingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji pothandizira magulu othetsa kuponderezana?
Sanachite zolakwa kapena kulangiza anthu kuti asiye mwayi wawo. M'malo mwake, adalimbikitsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo ndi maudindo awo kuti athandizire magulu omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi anthu osauka komanso ogwira ntchito.
Koma mโzaka khumi, ngakhale anthu ophunzira kwambiri a ku America anali ndi mavuto a zachuma awoawo. M'buku lake la 1989, Kuopa Kugwa: Moyo Wamkati wa Middle Class, adayang'ana nkhawa komanso kudzikayikira kwa akatswiri apakati pankhani yotsika mtengo. Pambuyo polemba Nyambo ndi Kusintha: Kutsata (Zopanda Pake) kwa American Dream, (2005), ponena za ogwira ntchito yoyera, adayambitsa bungwe, mothandizidwa ndi Service Employees International Union, lotchedwa United Professionals kuti apemphere kuti apindule bwino kwa ogwira ntchito oyera, komanso malamulo okhudzana ndi tsankho la zaka, kuchotsedwa ntchito. , ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito.
Mu 2020 kuyankhulana ndi Mu Nthawi Zino, Ehrenreich anakambitsirana za mmene gulu la akatswiri-mawoyangโanira linasinthiratu kwambiri.
"Tawona gulu lalikulu la oyang'anira akatswiri atatsitsidwa mpaka pagulu la ogwira ntchito," adatero:
Ili ndiye phunziro lalikulu la Occupy. Panali antchito akunja opanda pokhala okhala ndi ophunzira omaliza maphunziro omwe ankadziwa kuti sakupita kulikonse kapena omwe anali ndi PhD ngakhale ndipo samapita kulikonse. Chifukwa chake pakhala kutsika kwakukulu pantchito zachikhalidwe za PMC monga kuphunzitsa ku koleji, komwe kuli kopitilira 70 peresenti pano.
Mabuku a Ehrenreich adawonetsa zokonda zake zambiri, kuphatikiza zolemba zokhuza kusadzipereka kwa amuna ku ubale wamalingaliro (Mitima ya Amuna: Maloto aku America ndi Kuthawa Kuchokera Kudzipereka, 1987), chiyambi cha nkhondo ndi kukopa kwa anthu ku ziwawa (Magazi a Magazi: Zoyambira ndi Mbiri ya Zokonda Zankhondo, 1997), kudyetsedwa kwa akazi ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndi mabungwe amitundu yonse (Global Woman: Nannies, Akazi, ndi Ogonana mu New Economy, 2004), chikoka cha anthu pa chikondwerero cha anthu wamba (Kuvina M'misewu: Mbiri ya Chisangalalo Chogwirizana, 2007), ndi zomwe adakumana nazo ali wachinyamata asanakwane (Kukhala ndi Mulungu Wamtchire: Kufunafuna Choonadi cha Chilichonse kwa Osakhulupirira, 2014).
Mu 2000 Ehrenreich anapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere ndipo analemba nkhani Harper a, "Takulandilani ku Cancerland," ponena za "gulu lachipembedzo la khansa ya m'mawere," lomwe, iye anati, "limagwira nawo ntchito poyizoni padziko lonse lapansi - kuchiritsa khansa, kuikongoletsa, ngakhale kuiwonetsa, molakwika, ngati chochitika chabwino komanso chosangalatsa." Izi zinamupezera mphoto yachiwiri ya National Magazine.
Zomwe adakumana nazo ndi khansa ya m'mawere zidamupangitsanso kudzudzula gulu la "kuganiza zabwino" mu psychology, chipembedzo, ndi thanzi, lomwe adawunikira m'buku lake la 2009. Mbali Yowala: Momwe Kulingalira Kwabwino Kumachepetsera America. Kwa ine ndi oลตerenga ena ambiri, bukhuli linali chikumbutso chakuti kusintha kwapangโonopangโono kumachitika pamene anthu apenda moona mtima mipata ndi mbuna, kuphatikizapo mphamvu ya otsutsa, mโmalo mogwidwa ndi msampha ndi chimene Ehrenreich anachitcha โchiyembekezo chosasamala.โ
Ehrenreich analemba kuti: โTiyenera kuyesetsa kulimbana ndi zopinga zoopsa zimene tinapanga tokha komanso zimene chilengedwe chinayambitsa. Ndipo sitepe yoyamba ndiyo kuchira ku chinyengo chambiri chomwe chili ndi malingaliro abwino. โ
M'malo mopuwala, kaonedwe kameneka kanapatsa Ehrenreich mphamvu zomenyera dziko labwino. Kwa zaka zambiri adatumikira monga wotsogolera wolemekezeka wa Democratic Socialists of America. M'mabuku ake, mizati, ndi zokamba zake, nthawi zonse ankatsogolera owerenga ndi omvera ake ku mabungwe amidzi, mabungwe, ndi magulu a amayi omwe ankamenyera chilungamo. Anamangidwa pamsonkhano wochirikiza ogwira ntchito ku Yale, adalumikizana ndi ogwira ntchito m'mahotela ndi oyang'anira nyumba, adagawira timapepala ta kampeni yolipira, ndikutsutsa ufulu wakubereka kwa amayi. Patsamba lake la webusayiti, Ehrenreich adalemba zolemba za omenyera ufulu wawo wofotokoza za kampeni yawo.
"Ngati tili ndi chidwi chofuna kupulumuka pamodzi tikukumana ndi zovuta zambiri, tiyenera kupanga mabungwe, kuphatikiza asosholisti, omwe angathe kulimbikitsa talente iyi, kukulitsa utsogoleri ndikupititsa patsogolo mavuto amderali," Ehrenreich. analemba mu Nation mu Marichi 2009 ndi Bill Fletcher Jr. "Ndipo tiyenera kukhala otsimikiza, chifukwa akuluakulu achipitalist omwe ayendetsa zinthu mpaka pano ataya kukhulupilira konse kapena ulemu, ndipo ife - opita patsogolo amikwingwirima yonse - tsopano ndife akuluakulu okha mozungulira. .โ
Mu 2016 ndi 2020 adavomereza kampeni ya Purezidenti Bernie Sanders. Iye anafotokoza, โNdiye amene amandiimira kwambiri. Iye ndi demokalase socialist. " Koma Sanders atapambana chisankho cha Democratic Party, adathandizira pagulu Hillary Clinton ndi Joe Biden.
Biden ndipo pafupifupi a Democrat aliyense tsopano alandira mafoni a Sanders ndi Ehrenreich kuti akweze malipiro ochepera a federal - omwe akhalabe pa $ 7.25 kuyambira 2009 - mpaka $ 15 pa ola limodzi. Mu Januwale Biden adapereka lamulo loti ogwira ntchito m'boma ndi ogwira ntchito m'makontrakitala aboma alandire malipiro ochepera $ 15, koma chifukwa chotsutsidwa ndi aliyense waku Republican ndi Senator Joe Manchin, sanathe kuchititsa Congress kuti itenge ndalama zambiri. kuchuluka kwa board. Mavoti awiri chaka chatha, ndi Pew Research Center ndi Hart Research Associates, adapeza kuti 62 peresenti ya Achimereka, ndi chiwerengero chofanana pakati pa ovota m'maboma a Congressional, kuthandizira kukweza malipiro ochepa ku $ 15.
Mu Disembala 2016, patatha mwezi umodzi Donald Trump atapambana utsogoleri, Ehrenreich adadandaula kuti kutsutsa kwake kuchotsa mimba kumatha kuyika ufulu wakubereka wa amayi pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
โTitsala ndi mizinda ikuluikulu kumene munthu angapite kukachotsa mimba,โ adatero mโmawu amene asonyeza kuti ndi aulosi.
Mu 2020 kuyankhulana ndi latsopano Yorker, iye anafotokoza kuipidwa kwake kosalekeza ndi mphwayi ya dzikolo kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ku America.
Iye anati: โTikukhala osatetezeka kwambiri ku United States. "Osati kokha chifukwa tilibe chitetezo, kapena pang'ono pang'ono, koma chifukwa tilibe kukonzekera mwadzidzidzi, palibe malo ochezera."
Ngakhale kuti adasiya ntchito yake kusukulu, anali wanzeru kwambiri pagulu yemwe ntchito yake idakhudza kwambiri ophunzira komanso opanga mfundo. Palibe wophunzira m'zaka zapitazi za 50 - kupatulapo William Julius Wilson ndi Frances Fox Piven - omwe adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Ehrenreich pamalingaliro a anthu komanso mfundo za anthu pa umphawi.
Kuphatikiza pa Mphotho zake ziwiri za National Magazine Awards komanso mphotho zake za Sidney Hillman ndi Erasmus, Ehrenreich adalandira Mendulo ya Freedom From Want kuchokera ku Roosevelt Institute, yomwe imapatsa mphotho ntchito zomwe zikuphatikiza FDR's Four Freedoms, ndi Puffin / Nation Prize to Creative Citizenship yomwe idaperekedwa limodzi ndi a FDR. Puffin Foundation ndi Nation Institute kwa waku America yemwe amatsutsa momwe zinthu ziliri "kudzera m'ntchito yapadera, yolimba mtima, yolingalira, yodziwika bwino ndi anthu." Ndinamuphatikiza m'buku langa Anthu 100 Akuluakulu aku America azaka za m'ma 20: Nyumba Yotchuka Yachilungamo (2012).
Anaphunzitsa ku yunivesite ya Brandeis ndi Graduate School of Journalism ku yunivesite ya California, Berkeley. Analandira madigiri aulemu kuchokera ku Reed College, State University of New York ku Old Westbury, College of Wooster ku Ohio, John Jay College, University of Massachusetts ku Lowell, ndi La Trobe University ku Melbourne, Australia.
Ehrenreich anakwatira John Ehrenreich mu 1966. Iwo anali ndi ana awiri ndipo anasudzulana mu 1982. Anakwatira Gary Stevenson, wokonzekera ndi Teamsters union, mu 1983; iwo anasudzulana mu 1993.
Mwana wake wamkazi, Rosa Brooks, ndi pulofesa wa zamalamulo ku Georgetown University, anali mlangizi wamkulu wa mlembi wothandizira wa demokalase, ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi ntchito, anali mlembi wakale wa Los Angeles Times, ndipo ndi amene analemba mabuku angapo onena za ndale, ufulu wa anthu komanso mfundo za mayiko. Monga momwe amayi ake adatengera ntchito zingapo zotsika mtengo ngati kafukufuku Nickel ndi dimed, Brooks adakhala wapolisi wolumbira wokhala ndi zida ndi Washington, DC, Metropolitan Police department kuti alembe Kuphatikizidwa mu Buluu: Kupolisi ku America City (2021). Son Ben Ehrenreich ndi mtolankhani, wolemba nkhani, komanso wolemba mabuku yemwe adalembera buku la New York Times, Los Angeles Times, ndi Nation, LA Weeklyndipo Village Voice ndipo ndi wolemba Njira Yopita Kukasupe: Moyo ndi Imfa ku Palestine (2016) ndi Zolemba Zam'chipululu: Mapu a Msewu Wakutha kwa Nthawi (2020).
Polengeza za imfa ya amayi ake, Ben Ehrenreich adalemba pa tweet kuti: "Sanali wokonda malingaliro ndi mapemphero, koma mutha kulemekeza kukumbukira kwawo pokondana wina ndi mnzake, komanso kumenyana ngati gehena."
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