Pafupifupi anthu a 200 adasonkhana ku yunivesite ya North Carolina ku Asheville posachedwapa kuti akambirane za kudzipereka kwa mzindawo pakubweza kwawoko. Unali msonkhano woyamba wamtunduwu komanso gawo lofunikira mu dongosolo la Asheville lolipira anthu akuda kwazaka zambiri zakusankhana mitundu.
Pamene mzindawu ukuwonjezera ntchito zake zobwezera, boma la North Carolina likuyenda mobwerera m'mbuyo, pomwe malamulo a boma akufuna kuchepetsa zokambirana za kusankhana mitundu, makamaka m'boma ndi maphunziro.
Lamulo latsopano lomwe laperekedwa mu June limaletsa aliyense wogwira ntchito m'boma la North Carolina - lomwe limaphatikizapo dongosolo la University of North Carolina - kuchokera kukambirana mfundo zokhudzana ndi tsankho, makamaka polemba ntchito.
M'mwezi wa Marichi, opanga malamulo ku North Carolina State House of Representatives adaperekanso lamulo loletsa aphunzitsi asukulu zaboma "kulimbikitsa” malingaliro okhudzana ndi kuwulula tsankho ladongosolo komanso mbiri yakale. Mwachitsanzo, aphunzitsi angalepheretse kuphunzitsa mfundo zonena kuti, “Munthu, chifukwa cha fuko lake kapena kugonana kwake, ali ndi mlandu pa zimene anachita m’mbuyomo” zimene zinavulaza mtundu wina. Bululi silinalandiridwenso ndi Senate.
Malinga ndi pulofesa wa zamalamulo ku University of North Carolina Osamudia James, awa zigawo za malamulo ndi "zozama kwambiri, sizidziwika bwino, n'zovuta kuzitsatira, ndipo kuyesa kupeza pamene wina wawaphwanya nthawi zambiri kumakhala mkangano."
Ngakhale palibe bilu yomwe imatchulapo za kubwezera, malamulo ngati amenewa akupanga kale malo oipa kwa omwe amalimbikitsa kubwezeredwa, akatswiri amaphunziro amderalo atero.
“Kusiyanasiyana, chilungamo, kuphatikizidwa ndi chilungamo zili pachiwopsezo,” adatero pulofesa Tiye Ruffin, mkulu wa UNC ku dipatimenti ya Asheville ya Africana Studies yemwe anathandizira kuchititsa msonkhano wa chaka chino. "Tapitilizabe kubweza anthu aku Africa America mumzindawu. Ngakhale kuti pakhala pali ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi zinthu zina, timangonena kuti tipitiliza kuchita izi mosasamala kanthu. ”
Mabilu awa ndi zitsanzo za mafunde awiri aposachedwa a malamulo a boma: Otchedwa malamulo odana ndi DEI chandamale, mwa zina, kuyesetsa kusiyanasiyana, chilungamo ndi kuphatikizidwa pakulemba ntchito. Malamulo otsutsa-critical race theory [CRT], otchedwa pa kafukufuku wophunzitsidwa ndi asukulu amene amafufuza mmene kusankhana mitundu kumaloŵerera m'malamulo ndi mabungwe a ku United States, pofuna kuchepetsa mmene aphunzitsi angakambirane za tsankho. Opanga malamulo osunga malamulo omwe amatsata malamulo oterowo akuti malangizo oterowo ndi "kuphunzitsa".
Malamulo amtunduwu abweretsa zovuta m'mizinda ndi mayiko ena. Ku Oklahoma, komiti ya boma idapangidwa kuti ifufuze za 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre adachotsa Bwanamkubwa Kevin Stitt kuchokera ku gulu lake atasaina chikalata chotsutsana ndi mpikisano wotsutsana ndi mpikisano chomwe chimaletsa momwe nkhani zokhudzana ndi mtundu zingaphunzitsidwe ndikukambirana.
Atafunsidwa kuti ndalamazi zingakhudze bwanji kubwezera, Senator wa boma la North Carolina Warren Daniel, amathandizira wa lamulo lodana ndi DEI lomwe lidakhazikitsidwa mu June, adati, "Ndikukhulupirira kuti aprofesa aliwonse omwe amalumikizana ndi anthu pakubweza adzakangamira pazokambirana zachidziwitso, m'malo mokankhira malingaliro atsankho kuti chifukwa cha mtundu wa munthu, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi udindo pazandale. zochita zochitidwa m’mbuyomu ndi anthu amtundu womwewo.”
Kubwezera Atsogoleri Osakhumudwa
Asheville adavota mu Julayi 2020 kuti apange komiti yobwezera yomwe idzafufuze momwe mzindawu udawonongera mabanja akuda ndi madera onse akuda kudzera mu mfundo zatsankho. Izi zaphatikizapo zaka zopitirira ziwiri zofukula zolemba zakale, zolemba za katundu, zolemba zachuma, mapepala a msonkho ndi malamulo a mzinda.
Malamulo atsopano ndi omwe akufunidwa sanayimitse ntchito iliyonse yobwezera izi pamlingo wa mzinda, atero a Dwight Mullen, wapampando wa komiti yokonzanso zinthu mumzindawu. Mamembala a bungweli nthawi zambiri anyalanyaza zonena za anthu okonda kusamala za kuletsa momwe tsankho limaphunzitsira ndikuyankhidwa m'boma, atero a Mullen.
Koma onse a Mullen ndi Ruffin akuwona kale zotsatira za malingaliro pamadera ena a ntchito yawo. Ruffin adati opanga malamulo aboma ayamba kufunsa ku yunivesiteyo za ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazantchito za DEI komanso mafunso omwe dipatimenti ya Africana Studies imafunsa polemba ntchito aphunzitsi ndi antchito ena.
Mullen wakhala akukhudzidwa ndi a dandaulo la federal ufulu wachibadwidwe adasulidwa motsutsana Asheville PEAK Academy. Bungwe la Western North Carolina Citizens for Equality lotchedwa Mullen, woyambitsa PEAK Academy komanso membala wa board, m'madandaulo, omwe akuti sukulu ya K-3 yobwereketsa imagwiritsa ntchito "mafuko" omwe amapatula aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira amitundu ina.
"Ndizovomerezeka kotheratu kuti - pofuna kuthetsa ndi kuthana ndi mavuto amtundu omwe apitilizidwa ndi boma - kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ngati njira yothetsera," adatero Mullen.
Pulofesa wa UNC School of Law James sakuganiza kuti imodzi mwamilanduyi ingaphatikizidwe ndi malamulo ngati angatsutsidwe kukhothi. Koma “ndizopanda tanthauzo,” iye akutero. "Cholinga chake ndikupangitsa anthu kuti asiye kunena zenizeni izi, zomwe ndizovuta chifukwa ngati simungathe kuyankhula za mtundu ndi kuzindikira momwe zimagwirira ntchito ndiye kuti simungathe kuchitapo kanthu kuti muthane ndi zomwe zikuchitika."
'Maboma Ang'onoang'ono Sangakhale Njira Yothetsera Mavuto'
Malingaliro omwe a mzinda ku Asheville ndi kuzungulira County lidayitanitsa kuti likhazikitsidwe komiti yobwezera kuti ifufuze kuvulazidwa kwamitundu, komanso lipoti lofotokoza zovulazazo ndi njira zomwe zingatheke. Kenako bungweli lipereka malingaliro pofika kumapeto kwa 2024.
Ngakhale kuti Asheville anali amodzi mwa malo ochepa kumwera omwe analibe malo obzala akapolo, olimbikitsa kubwezeretsa pano akuti zoyeserera zina za boma, monga tsankho, malamulo a Jim Crow, kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso mizinda kunawononga midzi yonse ya Akuda. M’zaka za m’ma 1950 ndi m’ma 1960, mazana a nyumba za anthu akuda, masukulu ndi zipatala zinawonongedwa ndipo chigawo chamalonda cha anthu akuda chinawonongedwa. kumanga misewu ya boma.
Othandizira kubwezera akuti kusalungama kumeneku ndi chifukwa cha kusiyana kwamitundu komwe kumawoneka ku Asheville lero. Malinga ndi Lipoti la State of Black Asheville, chiwerengero cha imfa za khansa kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2015 chinali 218.9 pa 100,000 kwa anthu a Black Black poyerekeza ndi 155.1 kwa azungu; ndalama zapakati pa munthu aliyense zinali $15,535 za anthu akuda poyerekeza ndi $28,480 za azungu; ndipo, pofika chaka cha 2017, panali mabizinesi a anthu akuda 858 okha poyerekeza ndi 26,122 azungu.
Komiti yobwezera ikuyang'ana kwambiri madera asanu kuti afufuzidwe: chilungamo chaupandu, chitukuko cha zachuma, nyumba, maphunziro ndi thanzi. Ena mwa malingaliro omwe akuwaganizira pakali pano ndi monga ndalama zothandizira mabanja omwe ali osauka potsekereza mamembala; ndalama zothandizira mabizinesi akuda; malipiro abwino kwa aphunzitsi akuda; malipiro kwa mabanja akuda omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pothandizira matenda amisala; ndi "malo obweza" - katundu ndi maere omwe adapezedwa okha a eni nyumba akuda ndi amalonda.
Palinso malingaliro osapereka chipukuta misozi omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ndondomeko, monga kuyitana kuti athetse kusiyana kwa mitundu m'makhoti, kulemba ndi kusunga aphunzitsi akuda ambiri, komanso kuti pakhale bungwe la Black Economic Development Center kuti liphunzitse eni ake amalonda akuda.
Monga boma lachigawo m'boma lokhazikika, mzindawu ukhoza kukakamizidwa kuti ukhazikitse ziti komanso momwe angakhazikitsire. Mu imelo yomwe idatumizidwa masiku atatu msonkhanowo usanachitike, komiti yobwezera idachenjeza kuti "maboma am'deralo sangakhale njira yothetsera mavuto omwe gulu la Black Black likukumana nawo" chifukwa, mwa zina, ndi malire.
"Pamapeto pake, Mzinda ndi County zikuyima ndi Commission poyang'ana cholinga chokhazikitsa ndalama ndi kupatsa mphamvu Black Asheville kudzera mu ndondomeko yobwezera," kalatayo inati. "Inde, malingaliro ena atha kukhala opitilira mphamvu zathu, ndipo kuthana ndi zovutazi ndi gawo limodzi la ntchito zovuta komanso zofunika zomwe bungwe la Commission, anthu ammudzi ndi maboma athu akuchita. Timayang'ana kwambiri zomwe zingatheke, osati zomwe sizingatheke. ”
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