ndi Gerardo Young, Lucas Guagnini, ndi Alberto Amato
Osauka, monga aliyense amadziwira, sawoneka mukadutsa nyumba zawo mumsewu waukulu. Koma zinthu zikasintha, ndipo osaukawo akutuluka mumsewu nโkuika zotchinga, anthu amati, โPiqueteros, dala! Amayatsa matayala, kuyimitsa magalimoto, ndipo chilichonse chimasintha.
Bety, Angel, Silvina, ndi Luis ndi piqueteros. Azimayi ndi amuna omwe ali ndi nsapato zotha. Osowa pokhala. Nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo kapena kuponya miyala; nthawi zina amadziwa chifukwa chake, ndipo nthawi zina samadziwa. Iwo amatuluka ndikutsekereza msewu. Kumeneko, akhoza kuwomberedwa ndi kuphedwa. Kapena osati. Akhoza kubwerera kwawo, ku nyumba yokhala ndi denga la malata ndi makoma amatope; kapena tsiku latsopano likhoza kufika.
Kodi piqueteros amachita chiyani ngati sakuwonetsa? Kodi Bety, Angel, Silvina, ndi Luis amachita chiyani utsi ukatha? Kwa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, Clarmn adatsata mabungwe atatu akuluakulu a piquetero. Tinayendera madera awo, nyumba zawo, minda, ndi makhichini ophikira supu. Tinkamvetsera pamisonkhano, kulankhula ndi atsogoleri awo, ndipo tinkayenda nawo pa sitima yapamtunda, basi, ndipo makamaka poyenda wapansi.
Zomwe tidapeza zinali bungwe lomwe limaphatikizapo zonse za Greater Buenos Aires, zimachokera ku ntchito yothandiza anthu oyandikana nawo, ndipo ili ndi malamulo ake, nthawi zina achilendo. Imodzi yomwe, ngakhale ikutsutsana, ikupanga malo atsopano ochezera a anthu osowa pokhala, ndi ndondomeko ya ndale yomwe sichiletsa chiwawa. Bungwe lake lokhazikika lamkati limachokera ku ntchito zovomerezeka za anthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi maboma a zaumoyo ndi malipiro a mwezi uliwonse omwe piqueteros amapereka ku bungwe.
Lachiwiri, Aug. 13: Kukambitsirana kwanthawi zonse mu gulu la piquetero pa khonde la Bety Ruiz Dmaz, ku Monte Chingolo. Akulankhula ndi Nicolas Lista, wogwirizira wa bungwe la Anibal Versn.
โTsiku limene udzaloลตerera mโzandale, ndichoka,โ akuwopseza mayiyo, amene wangopereka magalasi a mkaka kwa ana 50.
"Koma uli kale ndale," akutero Lista, kuyesera kumutsimikizira.
"Mwinamwake, koma ndale zomwe ndimakonda ndi izi," akutero, akuyang'ana pansi.
Mofanana ndi Bety, ambiri [a piqueteros] alibe chidziwitso monga omenyera ufulu ndipo adalowa nawo m'gulu la njala. Nyumba yake inamuthera zaka zitatu zapitazo, wakhala osagwira ntchito kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo ana ake aลตiri amayenda opanda nsapato kupita kukhitchini ya supu yokhala ndi denga la malata, miphika iwiri, chitofu chadothi, ndi tebulo.
Zochitika "zophatikizana" zoterezi zimalamulira moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku pakati pa piqueteros. Chofunika kwambiri kwa mabungwewa ndi makhitchini ammudzi, komwe ana ndi makolo amadyetsedwa. Koma kuwonjezera apo pali malaibulale, minda, thandizo kusukulu, ophunzira unamwino amene amapereka katemera, ndipo ngakhale ma labu azachipatala.
Omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo awa ndi anthu omwewo omwe, ovala masks kapena ayi, amayika zotchinga m'misewu kapena kuyatsa moto kuti aletse kupita ku likulu. Ndalama zokhazo zomwe piqueteros amalandira ndi malipiro omwe amamenyana kuti alandire kuchokera ku boma. Akuyenera kukhala ndi ndalama zokwana 150 pesos (US$41) pamwezi. Ndipo amalipira ma peso 3 pamwezi kuti azilipira mabungwe awo kuphatikiza mafoni am'manja a atsogoleri ndikugula chakudya kukhitchini. Ayenera kulonjeza kuti azikhala kumalo ochitirako zochitika maola anayi patsiku, Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu. Apa mpukutu umatchedwa, ndipo amene sanawonekere mayina awo amachotsedwa pamindandanda yazaumoyo.
Kubowola kumakhala kofanana nthawi zonse: Msewu watsekedwa, mapulani amapangidwa, umphawi umagawidwa. Zilibe kanthu kuti ndi dera liti lomwe likukhudzidwa, kapena ngati bungwe ndi Corriente Clasista y Combativa (lalikulu), kapena Bloque Piquetero, kapena Anibal Versn, omwe mamembala awo adaphatikizapo Darmo Santillan ndi Maximiliano Kosteki, omwe anaphedwa ndi apolisi pa June 26 [ patsikulo, apolisi kunja kwa Buenos Aires anamenyana ndi ziwonetsero zachiwawa zomwe zimafuna ntchito ndi chakudya, kupha anthu awiri ndi kuvulaza ndi kumanga ena ambiri-WPR]. Mabungwe onse ndi ofanana, mosiyana ndi atsogoleri awo, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsutsana.
Ali ndi maziko omwewo: anthu osauka omwe alibe chotaya. Ndipo zonse zidachokera kugwero lomwelo: zomwe zidachitika pa June 20-26, 1996, mtawuni yaying'ono ya Cutral-Cs, pomwe antchito adachotsedwa ntchito ndi Yacimientos Petrolmferos Fiscales [bungwe lamafuta aboma] ndi anansi awo adatseka National Route 22, a. msewu waukulu wolumikiza chigawo cha Neuquin ndi Patagonia. Masiku amenewo adasiya chizindikiro chawo: Ma piqueteros adabadwa. Misewuyi inafika ku Greater Buenos Aires mโmadera awiri, Florencio Varela ndi La Matanza, omwe anadzadziwika kuti โlikulu la piqueteros.โ Ntchito zawo zidakula, ndi chiwawa chocheperako, monga momwe mavuto azachuma adachitira: Malinga ndi bungwe lowerengera anthu m'boma, tsopano pali anthu osauka 19 miliyoni aku Argentina.
Kafukufuku amene bungwe la New Majority Studies Center linachita akuti mโchigawo cha Buenos Aires munali zotchinga misewu zokwana 23 mโchaka cha 1997. Mu 2002 mpaka pano, mโdera lomwelo munali 1,107. Kukula kuli mโdziko lonselo. Mโtheka loyamba la 1997, munali zotchinga mโmisewu 77 mโdzikolo, ndipo mโtheka loyamba la chaka chino, 1,609.
Ku La Elvira, ng'anjo yanzeru yopangidwa ndi ng'oma ya malita 200 imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawa uliwonse kuphika buledi wolemera makilogalamu 80, womwe umagulitsidwa 1.20 pesos pa kilo, motsutsana ndi 1.80 m'malo ophika buledi. Ndi ndalama zimenezi, a piqueteros amagula ufa kwa wogulitsa ndi kudyetsa ana 160 ochokera mโmabanja 50 osauka kwambiri mโderali.
Angel Carrizo akuyang'anira, nkhope yake idadetsedwa kuchokera ku uvuni. Poyamba ankapita kukafuna makaniko, koma galimoto yake sinayende kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa chosowa zida zosinthira. Iye si wochirikiza aliyense: Wayika khichini ya mbaula mโkhonde lake. Chitofucho chimapangidwa ndi makina ochapira awiri akale odulidwa pakati, okhala ndi pobowo la nkhuni. Palinso banki ya zovala ndi makina awiri osokera.
โMakina osokera adaperekedwa ndi mayi wina yemwe ankapanga zovala kunyumba. Analibe ntchito iliyonse, "akufotokoza Msnica Bodeman, mkazi wa Carrizos. Ndi makina osokera apanga banki ya zovala. Azimayi amasankha zovala zimene anthu oyandikana nawo nyumba amapereka, n'kuzikonzanso, n'kuzipereka kwa anthu ovutika ngakhale pang'ono kapena pang'ono chabe: masenti 50 pogula juzi, mathalauza awiri a peso, ndi zina zotero. Piquetero zenizeni: Chidebe cha zinyalala chimakhala chopanda kanthu.
Nyumba "zoperekedwa" ndi anansi ndi malo ochitirapo zochitika zonse. Amapangidwa ndi oyandikana nawo, ndipo likulu lililonse limakhala ndi nthumwi ndi nthumwi ziwiri. Iwo amapanga utsogoleri wa bungwe lirilonse.
Koma si onse ofanana. Ma piqueteros ku Argentina Workers Center [bungwe lantchito yotsutsa] ndi omwe ali pamwamba kwambiri, omwe ali ndi atsogoleri amphamvu monga Luis DElma ndi Juan Carlos Alderrete. Ofanana kwambiri ndi Anibal Versn, omwe ali ndi 15,000 piqueteros ndi komiti yogwirizanitsa ndi mamembala ozungulira, koma osachepera anthu a 12-15. Pakatikati pali Bloque Piquetero, yomwe ili yofanana koma pamene Partido Obrero (Workers Party) imagwira ntchito yaikulu.
Kugawikana kwa ntchito n'kofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa gulu lirilonse. Mamembala amayang'anira chitetezo m'malo otchinga misewu, kuyang'anira makhitchini a supu ndi malaibulale, amapeza ndalama, amapempha amalonda am'deralo kuti apereke chakudya. Makomiti amapangidwa pamisonkhano. Amasonkhana kuti akambirane zinthu monga kukakamizidwa ndi apolisi komanso kupereka malipiro mochedwa.
Silvina ali ndi zaka 19 ndipo ankafuna kukhala katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Analembetsa ku yunivesite ya La Plata koma analibe ndalama zokwanira basi kapena zojambula. Iye ndi m'modzi mwa ambiri omwe angakhale ophunzira aku yunivesite omwe amatha ndi piqueteros.
Tsopano Silvina amagwira ntchito ku Villa Argentina, kum'mwera kwa Greater Buenos Aires, m'khitchini ya anthu yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi Movimiento Teresa Rodrmguez (MTR), m'mabwinja a makoma a njerwa za fakitale, opanda denga, opanda mazenera. Ili pamtunda waukulu, wokhala ndi dziwe losambira losiyidwa. Malowa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi gulu la achinyamata omwe ankakonda kucheza, kuba anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi kuledzera. Tsiku lina gululo linalanda malowo ndikubzala mbendera yake. Gululo litabweranso, mamembala ake adauzidwa kuti fakitaleyo ndi ya MTR. Ngati akanafuna, akanatha kujowina.
Ma piqueteros anagwetsa makoma osakhazikika, kuyeretsa malo, ndikuzula namsongole. Oyandikana nawo, omwe adazunzidwa ndi zigawenga, adayamba kubwera pomwe gululo lidakhazikitsa khitchini ya supu. Ma piqueteros akuganiza zokonzanso dziwe ndikulola ana kusambira kumeneko chilimwe chamawa. Akhazikitsa khola la nkhuku ndi tambala ndi nkhuku zinayi kapena zisanu. Piquetero zenizeni: Nkhuku zonse ndi zoonda.
Silvina amagwira ntchito yophunzitsa kulemba ndi kulemba, imodzi mwa ntchito zovuta kwambiri mโgulu la piquetero. Iye anati: โKuphunzitsa kuลตerenga nโkovuta kuposa kuphunzira, chifukwa ndi udindo waukulu. Adakali ndi chipolopolo m'mwendo wake kuchokera ku kuponderezedwa pa June 26. Madokotala ati sangathe kuchichotsa. Koma zimawawa.
La Fe, malo oyandikana nawo ku Lanzs, kulibe. Kapena simungathe kuzipeza mu Filcar Guide. Kale kunali chimphona chachikulu chopanda munthu, koma chakhala chikuzunguliridwa ndi oyandikana nawo, pang'onopang'ono, pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazi. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Luis Salazar, wazaka 35, mwamuna wamphamvu amene anatambasula manja ake motambasuka pamene akufotokoza kuti: โMโdera lino, anthu asanu ndi atatu mwa 10 aliwonse samadya chakudya chamโmawa.โ Zomwe mukuwona ndi nyumba zomangidwa ndi zinyalala, zina zokhala ndi makoma a njerwa, ziwiri kapena zitatu zokhala ndi ma TV a satellite. Agalu ouwa ambiri. Misewu sinapangidwe ndipo ngalande sizigwira ntchito, motero madzi oyimilira amakopa dothi, makoswe, ndi matenda.
Ku La Fe, bungwe la Unemployed Workers Movement, lomwe lili mbali ya Coordinadora Versn, lakhazikitsa malo opangira njerwa. Bwaloli limapanga midadada yokwana 120 patsiku, pokhapokha ngati ili ndi simenti. Munthu amene ankayangโanira ntchito yomanga njerwayo anali Santillan, yemwe anali ndi zaka 21 zokha [pamene anaphedwa ndi apolisi]. A piqueteros amalira imfa yake, chifukwa pali antchito odzipereka ochepa ngati iye.
โKuyenda ndikofunika chifukwa chakulimbana. Taonani, Santillan anali ndi zaka 21, ndipo akanatha kuchita zoipa zilizonse za achinyamatawo. Koma anachita izi,โ akutero Luis. Amavomereza kuti azaka za 14 ndi 15 sakujowinabe. Iwo amacheza pa ngodya, atakhala pa mulu wa zitsulo-zitsulo zomwe poyamba zinali galimoto, kumwa vinyo woipitsitsa padziko lapansi.
Izi ndi zenizeni za piqueteros: kukhala ndi umphawi m'misewu ndi mkati mwa nyumba zawo. Kulimbana ndi mkate, thanzi, kutentha. Polimbana ndi zovuta izi, amabweretsa matupi awo ndi ndodo. Ndi zotchinga misewu yawo, amatseka misewu ikuluikulu ndi misewu ya mโmizinda. Khalidwe lomwe limatsutsidwa ngati lachiwawa. Koma Bety, Mngelo, Silvina, ndi Luis adzateteza mpaka imfa
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