Pa November 22, 2015, a Mauricio Macri anagonjetsa Daniel Scioli pa chisankho cha pulezidenti ku Argentina pang'onopang'ono ndi maperesenti atatu. Akatswiri ambiri amati ndiko kupambana kwa dzanja lamanja kumanzere. Izi sizabodza koma ndizosavuta kwambiri. Kwenikweni, chisankhochi chinawonetsa zovuta zomwe zikuchitika ku Latin America panthawiyo. Kuwerenga molakwa zomwe zikuchitika kungayambitse zolakwika zazikulu zandale m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi.
Nkhaniyi inayamba pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Boma la Argentina silinalowererepo koma limagwirizana ndi mphamvu za Axis. Kuyambira mu 1943, gulu lotsutsa lomwe limagwirizanitsa magulu a malonda ndi akuluakulu ankhondo ang'onoang'ono linakhazikitsidwa. Munthu wamkulu anali Col. Juan Perón, amene anakhala Mlembi wa Ntchito m’boma. Kumangidwa kwake kwakanthawi mu 1945 kudapangitsa ziwonetsero zam'misewu ndikumasulidwa kwake patatha masiku asanu ndi atatu. Chisankho cha 1946 chinali makamaka pakati pa anti-imperialist (ndiko kuti, anti-United States) ndi pro-labor welfare state candidate (Perón) ndi woyimira ufulu wothandizidwa momasuka ndi Ambassador wa US. Perón adapambana ndikukhazikitsa pulogalamu yake mothandizidwa ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri wachikoka, Evita, ngwazi ya gulu la descamisados (“opanda malaya”).
Peronism si ndondomeko koma kalembedwe, kawirikawiri amatchedwa populism. Zinatsatira kuti malinga ndi ndondomeko, pali Peronisms ambiri - kumanja, pakati, ndi kumanzere. Zomwe zimawagwirizanitsa ndi nthano zongopeka. Peronism yotsala pang'ono kumanzere ya Perón inathetsedwa ndi kulanda boma mu 1955. Perón anapita ku ukapolo ndipo anakwatira mkazi wake wachitatu, Isabel, yemwe anali Spanish.
Asilikali analola kuti zisankho zichitike mu 1976. Perón anabweranso ndipo anayimirira pa chisankho ndipo Isabel anakhala Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti. Anamwalira patatha chaka chimodzi ali paudindo ndipo analoŵa m’malo ndi Isabel, yemwe sanali wotchuka kwambiri. Iyi inali nthawi ya zigawenga zankhondo zaku Latin America - Chile, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay, ndi Argentina. Ku Argentina, iyi imatchedwa nyengo ya “nkhondo yauve,” imene mwinamwake munali 30,000. kusowa (“osowa”), amene anathetsedwa mwankhanza.
Pofika m’chaka cha 1983, asilikali anali atatopa ndi thandizo lawo ndipo zinkaoneka kuti n’kwanzeru komanso kotetezeka kulola kubwerera ku ulamuliro wamba. Mu 1989, Carlos Menem, Peronista, anakhala pulezidenti. Anatsatira mfundo zolondola kwambiri, potsatira kumvera zofuna za IMF ndikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za US geopolitical.
Mu 1998, chisankho cha Hugo Chavez kukhala pulezidenti wa Venezuela chinali chiyambi cha zomwe zimatchedwa mafunde apinki. Sizinali zotsatira chabe za kukhumudwa kwakukulu ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ndalama zomwe zimadza chifukwa chotsatira mgwirizano wa Washington komanso kuyambika kwa kuchepa kwa mphamvu za US ku Middle East, komwe kunali kuika patsogolo.
Mu 2001, gulu locheperako la anarchist, the piqueteros (otsekereza misewu mwa kukana kusuntha) adawonekera ngati gulu lamphamvu landale. Njira yawo yandale inkadziwika kuti caceroles (kapena miphika yoboola ndi zitsulo). Mawu awo anali akuti “Que se vayan todos!” ("Kutuluka nawo onse!"). Anakakamiza boma la neoliberal koma la Peronista kusiya ntchito.
Kutsatira chipwirikiti chopitilira, zisankho za 2003 zidasokoneza Peronista Carlos Menem wotsutsana ndi alterglobalization ndi Peronista Néstor Kirchner. Kutsogola kwa Kirchner pa zisankho kunali kwakukulu kotero kuti Menem adachoka. Kirchner adalamulira kwa zaka zinayi motsogozedwa ndi mkazi wake Cristina yemwe adasankhidwa kawiri ndi malire akulu. Argentina tsopano idalamulidwa ndi gulu laling'ono la Peronism lotchedwa Kirchernismo.
Cristina sanathenso kupikisana nawo mu 2015 chifukwa lamulo limaletsa maulendo opitilira awiri otsatizana paudindo. Gulu lankhondo la Kirchnerista, lomwe tsopano limadziwika kuti Pitani ku Victoria (FPV) imayika patsogolo Daniel Scioli ngati phungu wawo. Scioli amaonedwa kuti ndi wapakati kuposa Cristina, ndipo thandizo lake linali lofunda. Komabe, zinkayembekezeredwa kuti m'ma primaries a August 9, Scioli akanapambana mosavuta kuzungulira koyamba. Adalowa koyamba koma adakakamizika kulowa gawo lachiwiri, lomwe Macri adapambana, ngati pang'ono.
Kupambana kwa Macri kulinso gawo lachi Latin America. Masiku abwino akukula kwachuma kwa "zachuma zomwe zikutukuka kumene" zidafika malire ake padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zidapangitsa kumangirira lamba kulikonse. Macri adalonjeza yankho lazachuma, lomwe lingabweretse kukwera kwamitengo ndikuwongolera kukula kwachuma. Komabe adanenetsa kuti pulogalamu yake ikhala yocheperako m'njira zina. Sakanabwezeretsanso mafakitale omwe Cristina adawasinthanso. Ndipo adzasunganso zina mwazabwino za maboma a Kirchner.
Palibe kukayikira kuti Macri ndi munthu wolondola ndipo akufuna kulamulira kumanja momwe angathere. Funso tsopano ndilakuti angafike pati? Akukumana ndi zovuta ziwiri zazikulu. Imodzi ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi; imodzi ndi yamkati. Cholepheretsa chapadziko lonse lapansi ndi kuchuluka komwe kudzakhala kutsitsimuka kwa "nthawi zabwino" ku Global South m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi. Ngati sichoncho, Macri adzayenera kufotokoza mu zisankho za 2019 chifukwa chake mayankho ake sanathetse kalikonse kapena pang'ono kwa anthu ambiri aku Argentina. Mwachidule, akanakhala ndi mlandu osati Scioli (ndi a Kirchneristas) chifukwa chazovuta zachuma.
Cholepheretsa chamkati chimakhala chobisika. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti Cristina ndi wokondwa kwambiri ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Scioli. Sikuti amangomukonda, koma akadapambana, akadayimiliranso mu 2019. Cristina tsopano atha kukhala wosankhidwa mu 2019, tsiku lomaliza lomwe zaka zake zingalole.
Pamene ndikulemba, Macri sanapereke pulogalamu yake yeniyeni. Amayimira kukulitsa malire otseguka kulola kuyenda kwaulere kwa katundu ndi ndalama. Makamaka akufuna kutha cepo al dolar - ulalo wamtengo wovomerezeka wa peso ku dollar yaku US. Koma osati kwathunthu, osachepera nthawi yomweyo. Ayenera kulinganiza zotsatira zoipa za nthawi yochepa, kuthawa kwa ndalama, ndi zotsatira zabwino zapakati zomwe akunena kuti zidzachitika - ndalama zambiri zakunja zomwe zidzachepetse payokha mlingo wa kusinthanitsa ndipo motero kukwera kwa inflation.
Akufuna kutenga nawo mbali pamapangano amalonda aulere omwe akuchitika, ku Pacific ndi ku Atlantic. Ndipo akufuna kufotokozeranso ntchito ya mgwirizano wamalonda waku South America wa Mercosur, kuphatikiza kuthamangitsa Venezuela ya Chavez, yomwe amadana nayo. Koma izi zimafuna mgwirizano ndipo onse a Brazil ndi Uruguay awonetsa kutsutsa kwawo.
Pazochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, akufuna kubwezeretsa ubale wapamtima ndi United States ndikuchotsa Argentina ku ubale wake ndi Iran. Akufunanso kutsimikiziranso kuthandizira bungwe la Organisation of America States, kapangidwe kake kuphatikiza North America komwe maiko ena ambiri ku Latin America adafuna kuti m'malo mwake akhale ndi mamembala a Latin America ndi Caribbean okha. Koma ananenanso kuti chofunika kwambiri pa mfundo zakunja ndi ubale ndi Brazil, bwenzi lalikulu kwambiri la malonda a dziko lake. Ndipo Purezidenti Rousseff adanenanso kuti adzapita ku mwambo wotsegulira Macri. Brazil ipanga cholepheretsa pa Macri.
Pomaliza, nkhani imodzi yazaka zapitazi yakhala lamulo lachikhululukiro lomwe lidamasula asitikali pamilandu yawo yonse pankhondo yonyansa. Boma la Kirchner lidathetsa chikhululukirocho ndipo likuimba mlandu anthu ochepa omwe adakali ndi moyo. Macri wanena kuti sadzasokoneza ndondomeko ya milandu, kukhumudwitsa ena mwa akuluakulu omwe ali mumsasa wake. Koma kodi amene akuzengedwa mlanduwo sadzamasulidwa chifukwa cha umboni wosakwanira?
Mwachidule, Macri akuyimiradi kukankha koyenera. Koma sizimayimira mapeto a Kircherismo, kapena mkhalidwe umene kumanzere (ngakhale tikutanthauzira muzochitika izi) alibe zida komanso opanda chiyembekezo.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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