Ayi, ayi! Osati nkhondo ina yaku America yolimbana ndi zoyipa!
Nthawi ino, ndi Islamic State (IS). Pambuyo pa zigawenga za ku Paris, a Barack Obama, mneneri wamkulu wa United States of America, ananena kuti gululo linali “nkhope ya zoipa.” Mithunzi ya George W. Bush. “Ochita zoipa” abwerera. Ndipo kuchokera pamwamba pa phiri lililonse, zikuwoneka, Amereka tsopano akulira ndi kuyimba kuti akweze zida zake zankhondo.
Mwa njira, George W., kodi nkhondo yomaliza yolimbana ndi “ochita zoipa” inakuchitikirani motani? Osati momwe mumayembekezera, sichoncho? Ndikubetcha simunaganize kuti Nkhondo Yanu Yapadziko Lonse Pazigawenga ingabzala mbewu za Islamic State ndikusintha madera akuluakulu a Iraq (ndi Syria) kukhala nthaka yachonde momwe IS ingakule kukhala mdani watsopano, wowopsa kwambiri.
Koma umu ndi mmene nkhondo zolimbana ndi zoipa zimaoneka ngati zikuyenda bwino.
Ndikhululukireni ngati nditawonetsa kukwiyitsidwa kwanga ndi onse opanga mfundo ku Washington, akale ndi amasiku ano, atazunguliridwa ndi omwe amati ndi akatswiri komanso akatswiri omwe amamenya ng'oma pawailesi yakanema. Ndikudziwa kuti ndisadabwenso. Ndaziwona nthawi zambiri ngati wolemba mbiri yemwe amaphunzira za nkhondo zolimbana ndi zoyipa m'mbuyomu - kuyambira nthawi za m'Baibulo, kwenikweni - komanso monga nzika yowonera nkhondo m'moyo wanga, kuyambira pomwe idang'amba Vietnam (ndipo, mwangozi, America. ) padera.
Komabe, zimandipangitsa misala kuyang'ana opanga mfundo ndi akatswiri akupanga zolakwika zomwezo nthawi ndi nthawi, zolakwa zingapo, kwenikweni, zomwe zimaphatikizana ndi cholakwika chimodzi chodzigonjetsera.
Choipa kwambiri n'chakuti, anthu ambiri amaona kuti anthu ambiri amalakwitsa zinthu zina. Mungaganize kuti winawake angaphunzire chinachake. Ndipo mmenemo ndimaphatikizapo “ife, anthu,” mtundu wonsewo.
Koma tsopano, poyang'anizana ndi Islamic State, mumaganiza kuti: tikuchitanso.
Ndiroleni ndiyesere kuyala zolakwa zathu zobwerezabwereza, zonse zisanu ndi chimodzi, chimodzi ndi chimodzi, kuyambira…
Cholakwika Nambala Wani: Kuona mdaniyo kukhala woipa kotheratu, osati ngakhale munthu.
Barack Obama wotchedwa tsoka la Paris "kuukira anthu onse," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti, ngakhale kwa purezidenti, omenyera a IS aima kunja kwa gululo. Zikuoneka kuti ndi zamoyo zina ndipo zimangooneka ngati anthu. Ndipo uku kunali kulongosoledwa kofatsa munyengo yathu yandale yotenthayi. “Nkhope ya kuipa” ikumveka yodekha poyerekeza ndi zithunzi zooneka bwino zoperekedwa ndi a Republican omwe akupikisana kuti alowe m’malo mwake. Kwa Ben Carson, IS ndi gulu la "agalu achiwewe”; kwa Ted Cruz, "scorpions.” Donald Trump amawatcha "amisala, ""nyama. "
Onse amaloza ku mfundo yoopsa imodzimodziyo: Popeza ndife anthu ndipo iwo siali, ndife otsutsana nawo m’njira iliyonse. Ngati ali oyipa kotheratu, tiyenera kukhala otsutsana nawo. Ndi chakale nkhani ya apocalyptic: Anthu a Mulungu ndi a Satana. Zimatsimikizira kuti sitiyenera kuvomereza kulumikizana kulikonse ndi mdani. Mwakulingalira uku, sizingakhale zoonekeratu kuti dzikoli atsogoleri athu amati ndi “lapadera” komanso “lofunika kwambiri,” dziko lokhalo lomwe lingathe kutsogolera dziko lonse pankhondo yolimbana ndi zoipa, siligwirizana ndi zoipazo.
Izo zimatengera…
Cholakwika Chachiwiri: Kukwiriridwa m’kulingalira kuti mdani siali munthu m’lingaliro lirilonse ngati ife ndi chikhululukiro pa dzanja lirilonse lomwe tingakhale nalo poyambitsa kapena kuchititsa zoipa kuwuka ndi kufalikira. Kodi tikanathira manyowa m'nthaka ya kuipa kotheratu kapena kukhala ndi thayo lililonse la chipambano chake? Ndilo maziko a nkhondo yolimbana ndi zoipa: Anthu a Mulungu ayenera kukhala osalakwa.
Chotsatira chake, sitiyenera kuyang'ana njira zonse zomwe US, ngakhale pankhondo, ikupitiriza kuthandizira kupambana kwa asilikali a Islamic State m'mayiko a Sunni Arab, mwachitsanzo, kuthandizira Shi'ite waku Iraq. boma ku Baghdad lomwe lili ndi mbiri yoyipa kupondereza Sunni, mbiri yomwe imayendetsa ambiri a iwo kulekerera, kapena ngakhale kuthandizira IS.
Pokana udindo wamtsogolo wa Purezidenti waku Syria Bashar al-Assad, tatero analetsedwa njira ya ukazembe yomwe ingathetse nkhondo yapachiweniweni m'dzikolo. M'malo mwake timalola chipwirikiti cha ku Syria kuti chipitirire ngati malo oberekera kuti IS ikule (ngakhale kuti ndondomekoyi ili ndikuyamba kumene kusintha). Mgwirizano wathu wautali ndi Saudi Arabia ndizopanda phindu, kuteteza maukonde andalama omwe amadyetsa a kuchuluka Khalifa.
Monga momwe sitikuyang'ana zonsezi pakadali pano, timadzichititsa khungu ku zomwe US idachita m'mbuyomu. Lingalirani izi…
Cholakwika Chachitatu: Kuyitcha kuti kufufuta mbiri. Timataya luso lomvetsa bwino mdani chifukwa timanyalanyaza mbiri yeniyeni ya momwe mdaniyo adakhalira, momwe maubwenzi amakulirakulira momwe tinkasewera, ndikupitiriza kusewera, gawo lalikulu.
Mbiri yakale ikuwonekera kwa onse omwe amasamala kuyang'ana: US (CIA makamaka) inali chinsinsi kulenga, ndalama, ndi zida za mujahidin, omenyana ndi zigawenga ku Afghanistan omwe adatenga asilikali a Soviet kumeneko m'ma 1980, amuna (nthawi zambiri achisilamu) omwe Purezidenti Ronald Reagan kuyelekeza ndi makolo athu oyamba. Kuchokera pamenepo kunabwera al-Qaeda.
Kuukira kwa George W. Bush ku Iraq kunasokoneza chigawocho ndipo anakonza njira za Islamic State. Ulamuliro wa Bush unang'amba Iraq mpaka kuphwanya kenako kuchotsedwa ntchito Asilikali a Saddam Hussein adatumiza mamembala ake kumalo osowa ntchito kudziko lowonongeka.
Chimodzi mwa zigawengazo, al-Qaeda ku Iraq, okhala ndi anthu ndi akazembe olekanitsidwa a gulu lankhondo lophwasuka lija, pambuyo pake kudzisintha m'kati mwa gulu latsopano la Islamic State. Inde ndi US kuleredwa utsogoleri wapano wa gululo kundende zankhondo zaku America ku Iraq, komwe tidadziwitsana, titero. Njirayi idafulumizitsa, ndipo mwina pamapeto pake idayambitsidwa, chifukwa champhamvu kutsutsana ndi Sunni ya Boma la Shi'ite la Iraq, lomwe US inaliyika pamphamvu ndikulisamalira.
Kuti tisunge mawonekedwe athu ngati osalakwa pazochitika zonse, tiyenera kufafaniza mbiri yakale iyi ndikuisintha ndi nthano (zosadabwitsa, chifukwa nkhondo iliyonse yolimbana ndi zoyipa ndi nthano). Izi sizikutanthauza kuti timakana mfundo zonse. Timangosankha ndikusankha zomwe zimagwirizana bwino ndi nthano zathu.
M'nkhaniyi, mdani ndi amene akhristu kwa zaka mazana ambiri akhala akumutcha mdierekezi, zomwe zimatifikitsa ku ...
Cholakwika Chachinayi: Timaganiza kuti mdani, monga Lusifara mwiniwake, amachita zoipa chifukwa chongochichita. Ngakhale magawo omasuka kwambiri atolankhani nthawi zambiri samawona IS omenyana ngati kuposa “amisala” okonda “kupha kaamba ka iwo okha.”
M’mikhalidwe yoteroyo, mwachionekere ndi ntchito yopusa ngakhale kuganizira zolinga zenizeni za mdani. Ndiiko komwe, kutero kukakhala kuwachitira monga anthu, ndi zifuno zaumunthu zochokera m’mbiri. Izo zingakhale zachifundo kwa mdierekezi.
Inde, izi zikutanthauza kuti, zilizonse zomwe tingaganizire za zochita zawo, nthawi zambiri timanyalanyaza umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti asilikali a Islamic State sangakhale anthu kapena kukhala ndi zifukwa zomveka. M’chenicheni, ngati muyang’ana mwamphamvu mokwanira, mungapeze umboni wa zimenezo.
The Atlantic, mwachitsanzo, adapeza chidwi pofalitsa nkhani ya Graeme Wood kuti anafufuza malingaliro ovuta achipembedzo a gulu la IS. Mu Kufufuza kwa Mabuku a New York, Scott Atran ndi Nafes Hamid adapereka chidziwitso kuchokera kwa anthu omwe adatenga nthawi kuti alankhule ndi omenyera a IS kapena omwe adamenya nawo kale za njira yake ndi zolinga zawo kuti akhale gawo lawo. Momwemo, Atran ndi Hamid adathandizira kufotokoza chinsinsi chachikulu cha IS (ngati mukukhulupirira kuti ndi gulu lachiwembu): Kodi lingakope bwanji otsatira achinyamata ambiri, makamaka ochokera ku US ndi Europe? Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani anyamata ndi atsikana ena amene sakhudzidwa ndi vutoli amaona kuti gululi ndi “lokopa kwambiri”?
Olivier Roy, katswiri wodziŵa bwino za ndale za ndale za Chisilamu, wayankha kuti ambiri a achichepere ameneŵa, odzala ndi “kukhumudwa ndi kuipidwa ndi chitaganya,” amakopeka ndi malingaliro a kuloŵana ndi “ubale waung’ono wa ngwazi zazikulu.” Koma kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi Programme in Extremism ku George Washington University, wodzaza ndi zambiri za othandizira aku America IS, anamaliza kuti "zolimbikitsa zawo ndi zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatsutsana ndi kufufuza kosavuta."
Onjezani umboni wamtunduwu ndipo mutha kufika podabwitsa ndipo, m'nkhani yathu ino, mfundo zosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri. Sikuti omenyana ndi IS ndi anthu, koma m'njira zina amafanana ndi ife. Kupatula apo, nafenso tili ndi gulu lankhondo lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito nkhani yamalingaliro kuti alembe achinyamata ndikuwakonzekeretsa kuti akhale okonzeka kuifera. Asilikali athu, nawonso, ndi odziwa kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsatsa ndi kulengeza kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino nkhani zake. Monga olembedwa ndi IS, achinyamata amalowa nawo usilikali pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, koma ena chifukwa alibe mizu, osakhudzidwa, komanso kufunafuna chikhulupiriro, kapena ulendo wosangalatsa (ngakhale womwe ungawaike pachiwopsezo chotaya miyoyo yawo. ). Ndipo musaiwale kuti achinyamata omwe amalembedwa usilikali, monga omenyera a IS, nthawi zambiri amangodziwa bwino zomwe akulembetsa kuti afere kapena mikangano yomwe angakhale nayo.
Malingaliro athu aboma, ndithudi, ndi achikunja. Koma ambiri aife timadziwa bwino (kapena kuchotsedwa kamodzi) ndi okhulupirira zipembedzo zaku America omwe zikhulupiriro zawo zimagawana zambiri ndi nkhani ya IS. Kumbali zonse ziŵiri, anthu amafuna kusintha mbiri yakale ndi kukhala mogwirizana ndi dongosolo lopatulika limene amati linalembedwa mwala zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo.
Pali, kwenikweni, kufanana kochititsa chidwi - ndipo ndikunena izi ngati pulofesa wa maphunziro achipembedzo - pakati pa malingaliro a chievangeliko ndi njira za okhulupirira athu oyambira ndi a Islamic State. Onse amavomereza kuti munthu ayenera kusankha pakati pa choonadi cha Mulungu (chochokera m’malemba akale) ndi cha mdierekezi. Onsewa amapereka chitonthozo m'maganizo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe amati akukhala ndi malamulo osasinthika. Ena mwa achikhazikitso athu, monga Akhristu Reconstructionists, angasangalale kuona mtundu umenewu ukulamulidwa ndi malamulo achipembedzo, malinga ngati ndi chipembedzo chawo chimene tikunena.
Chilichonse chomwe aliyense wa ife angaganize za okhulupirira kwathu, sitingakane iwo umunthu wawo, ngakhale nthawi zambiri timadabwa chomwe chimawatsogolera ku zikhulupiriro zachilendo (kwa ambiri aife). Ndiye funso ndi ili: Chifukwa chiyani sitiyenera kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa za okhulupirira a Islamic State, ngakhale atakhala adani athu?
Kumbukirani, kumvetsetsa sikutanthauza kulungamitsa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kumvetsetsa nthawi zambiri kumatsegula njira zoganizira mozama komanso mwaluso za momwe tingayankhire vuto ngati limeneli. Zikuwonekeratu kuti akatswiri a Islamic State amamvetsetsa bwino zikhalidwe zandale zaku America ndi ku Europe ndipo, monga awonetsera mobwerezabwereza, amagwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa kumeneku kuti apindule nawo. Amadziwa momwe angatikwiyire ife kuti tigwirizane ndi zotsutsana ndi Asilamu ndi ndondomeko zachiwawa, zomwe amapeza zothandiza kwambiri pa ntchito yawo ndi kayendetsedwe kawo. Monga ankhondo akale a judo, amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zathu modabwitsa motsutsana nafe.
Mawu aliwonse a Washington ndi zochita zankhondo, aliyense wothandizana naye Great Britain omwe alowa nawo kampeni yophulitsa mabomba motsutsana ndi IS, amangotsimikizira uthenga wa Islamic State kuti Asilamu akuwukiridwa ndi mayiko akumadzulo. Zonse zimangosewera mu mawonekedwe a IS a apocalyptic worldview. Njira iliyonse yomwe ikuchitikayi imapangitsa kuti IS kukhala yokongola kwambiri kwa Asilamu omwe amamva kuti akuponderezedwa komanso akunyozedwa ndi Kumadzulo. Ndiye taganizirani za chiwopsezo chilichonse chomwe chanenedwa mu kampeni yapurezidenti pano ndi bomba lililonse lomwe likugwetsedwa pomwe zikwangwani zolembera anthu padziko lonse lapansi zikufika "monga mana ochokera kumwamba” kwa kayendedwe kameneko. Iliyonse ndikuyitanira kuti muyambitse ziwopsezo zamtundu wa Paris.
Kusawona kwathu kwa iwo monga anthu, ndi njira zonse zomwe tawathandizira, kumawonjezera mphamvu zawo ndikufooketsa mphamvu zathu kuti tipange zotsatira za zochitika ku Iraq, Syria, ndi kwina kulikonse ku Middle East. Chodabwitsa n’chakuti, timavomereza kutha kwa mphamvu kumeneku mofunitsitsa, ngakhale mwachidwi, chifukwa kumatithandiza kugwiritsitsa zimene zimawoneka kuti n’zofunika kwambiri kwa ife: masomphenya athu a nkhondo yolimbana ndi ochita zoipa ankhanza, amene amatifikitsa ku…
Cholakwika Chachisanu: Kuti tidzitsimikizire tokha kuti dziko lachisilamu ndi loipa, timaganiza kuti mdaniyo ndi wosasunthika, wosasunthika, komanso wosasunthika ngati mdierekezi mwiniwakeyo. Chotsatira chake n’chakuti timaganizanso kuti palibe chimene tingachite chimene chingawalepheretse kuchita zoipa. Popeza, monga tikuonera, tinalibe chochita kupanga zilombozi, palibe kusintha kwa mfundo zathu kapena zochita zomwe zingakhudze khalidwe lawo. Ndipo popeza ndi openga basi - osatha kuganiza bwino - palibe chifukwa choyesera kulankhula nawo.
Mwanjira iyi, mosakayika, timafika ...
Kulakwitsa Nambala Sikisi: Chikhulupiriro chakuti tili ndi njira imodzi yokha: chiwonongeko. Kapena ngati izi sizitheka, ngakhale tili ndi magulu ankhondo, ndiye kuti tili nawo mpaka kalekale.
M'malo mwake, oyimira pulezidenti wanthawi ino onse amafuna kuwonongedwa ndipo palibe chocheperako. M'malo a Donald Trump mawu, “kuphulitsa zoipa mwa iwo.” Ku Hillary Clinton zambiri demure mapangidwe, "kuphwanya ISIS ... sinthani mphamvu ya gululo kenako ndikubwerera." Ngakhale Bernie Sanders amavomereza: "Chofunika chathu chiyenera kukhala ... kuwononga ulamuliro wankhanza komanso wankhanza wa ISIS."
Maloto a nkhondo yowononga zoipa ali ndi mbiri yakale ku America yoyera. Zinayamba mu 1636 pamene a Puritans ku New England anawononga fuko la Pequot, akumalonjeza kuti phunziro loterolo lidzaletsa kuukiridwanso ndi mafuko ena. M'malo mwake, zidayambitsa chiwawa komanso chiwawa, komanso template yolimbana ndi zoyipa zomwe dzikolo lidachita. amatsatirabe pafupifupi zaka mazana anayi pambuyo pake mu “nkhondo yowopsya” yake. Mikangano yomwe ilipo ku Iraq ndi Syria ikuwoneka kuti ikutitsekera m'chitsanzochi ndipo ziwawa zake zatsimikizika kwambiri.
N’chifukwa chiyani ife monga fuko timapitirizabe kuchita zinthu zoipa zomwezo n’kumachita zolakwika zomwezo? N’chifukwa chiyani chisonkhezero chooneka ngati chosakanizika chofuna kumenyanso nkhondo ina yolimbana ndi zoipa?
Ndikuda nkhawa kuti mayankho a mafunso ngati amenewa angakhale m’gulu la anthu a ku America nthano yakusatetezeka kwa dziko. Limatiuza kuti nthawi zonse tidzakhala pa nkhondo ndi ochita zoipa ofunitsitsa kutiwononga; kuti nkhondo iyi (chilichonse ingakhale yaposachedwa) ndi ntchito ndi tanthauzo la mtundu wathu; ndikuti njira yokhayo yodzimvera ngati waku America weniweni ndikulembetsa mpaka kalekale kunkhondo yokhazikika.
M'mawu ena, ngakhale titakoka Islamic State, tidadzichitiranso tokha. Tikamamenyana nthawi yaitali, m'pamenenso timagwidwa ndi mantha kwambiri. Tikamaopa kwambiri, m'pamenenso timafunitsitsa kumenya nkhondo. Mwina mfundo yake sikuti tipambane pankhondoyi koma kukhalabe otsekeredwa m’gulu loipali, lomwe limakhala lotonthoza molakwika chifukwa limapereka chidziwitso chaumodzi wadziko monga momwe sichingathere m’dziko lathu logawanika kwambiri.
Nthano zadziko, komabe, zidapangidwa ndi anthu, ndipo nthawi zonse timatha kusintha malingaliro athu. Angadziwe ndani? Mwina tsiku lina Boma la Chisilamu lidzazindikira kuti kupha mwankhanza ndi zochitika zina zowopsa m'dzina la caliphate si lingaliro labwino kwambiri. Ndipo mwina United States idzazindikira kuti kutengera nkhondo yamuyaya, yodzigonjetsera yolimbana ndi zoyipa za kudziwika kwathu kwadziko ndikulakwitsa kwakukulu pambuyo pake. Mwina.
Ira Chernus, A TomDispatch zonse, ndi pulofesa wa maphunziro achipembedzo pa yunivesite ya Colorado Boulder komanso wolemba pa intaneti "MythicAmerica: Zolemba.” Amalemba mabulogu ku MythicAmerica.us.
Nkhaniyi idawonekera koyamba pa TomDispatch.com, tsamba lawebusayiti la Nation Institute, lomwe limapereka kusuntha kwazinthu zina, nkhani, ndi malingaliro kuchokera kwa Tom Engelhardt, mkonzi wanthawi yayitali pakusindikiza, woyambitsa nawo American Empire Project, wolemba Mapeto a Chikhalidwe Chogonjetsa, monga za novel, Masiku Otsiriza a Kusindikiza. Buku lake laposachedwa ndi Gulu lamagulu: Kuwoneka, Nkhondo Zachibvundi, ndi Global Security State mu Dziko Lokha Lopambana (Mabuku a Haymarket).
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama