Gwero: Portside
Amandimenya momwe ndidayendera bungwe la US Peace Council. Ndikutanthauza, ndikudziwa kuti ndinapemphedwa kutero ndi Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu, koma sindikudziลตa chifukwa chake, mwa anthu onse, ndinali wosankhidwa.
Sindinali mnyamata womvera wa Chikomyunizimu, womvera chilango mosavuta, wofunitsitsa kutsatira malangizo mosaganizira, wofunitsitsa kubwereza nzeru zilizonse zopanda pake zomwe ndinalandira kuchokera kwa utsogoleri wa Chipani. Mโzaka 13 zimene ndinakhala membala, ndinali nditaleredwa kale โpa milanduโ kangapoโnthawi iliyonse ndi membala wa Komiti Yaikulu kapena Political Bureau, kuphatikizapo maulendo atatu opita mโmayiko osaloledwa.
Komanso, monga momwe ndinalili wosadalirika ndipo mwinamwake kuopa pang'ono chifukwa cha ulendo wanga wodziimira padziko lonse, atsogoleri a Chipani ayenera kuti ankadziwa kuti ndinalibe chidwi chowasokoneza. Kunena zoona, sindinkawaganizira ngakhale pangโono.
Panthawiyi, kuwonjezera pa chibwenzi changa ndi kupita ku Vietnam ndi Cuba, ndikugwira ntchito ndi Tricontinental Information Center, ndinali ndikugwira ntchito mwakhama ndi Movemiento Pro-Independence (pambuyo pake Partido Socialista) de Puerto Rico, ndipo ndinakonza zoti US itenge nawo mbali pa ntchitoyi. Chikondwerero cha zaka zana cha El Grito de Lares, kuukira koyamba kwa Puerto Rican motsutsana ndi Ulamuliro wa Spain mu 1868. Ndinagwiranso ntchito mwakhama pochirikiza ufulu wa anthu wa ku Northern Ireland mโzaka za โThe Troublesโ ndipo ndinapita kaลตiri ku Dublin ndi ku Belfast nโkumaloza ku Northern Ireland. pakati, motsogozedwa ndi Official IRA/Sinn Fein ndi Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association motsogozedwa ndi atsogoleri a Chipani cha Communist ku Derry ndi Belfast. (Ntchito yanga ndi Ireland inkawoneka ngati yathawiratu utsogoleri wa chipani cha US omwe sanachite chidwi ndi nkhaniyi.)
Mfundo inali - poganizira za kusankhidwa kwanga kuti ndikhale bungwe la US Peace Council - kuti ndimadziwa zinthu. Kupyolera mu ubale wanga ku NY ndi PLO ndi Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), gawo la Marxist la PLO, ndinadziwa kazembe wa UN ku Democratic People's Republic of Yemen (DPRY), yemwe anali wodziimira pa nthawiyo. Dziko lotsogozedwa ndi Marxist la South Yemen, lomwe likulu lake linali Aden. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ndinalibe udindo mu utsogoleri, ndidakhala njira yoyitanitsa chipani kuti chitumize nthumwi ku South Yemen ndi Lebanon kuti akakhazikitse ubale wa chipani ndi chipani ndi DPRY, DFLP, PLO ndi Chipani cha Communist cha Lebanon.
Ndikuganiza kuti ndidadziwombola (kanthawi kochepa) pamaso pa utsogoleri wa Chipani ndipo ndidawonedwanso kuti ndine wosakwanira kuti nditha kuthana ndi udindo wokonza bungwe la US Peace Council.
Chifukwa chokonzekera USPC chinali chakuti World Peace Council (WPC), yomwe ili ku Helsinki, patatha zaka pafupifupi 30 kukhalapo inalibe mgwirizano wa US, ngakhale dziko lathu linali lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lankhondo komanso lothandizira nkhondo.
WPC idakhazikitsidwa mu 1950, kampeni yake yoyamba kuzungulira Stockholm Peace Appeal. Apilo anali nzika yapadziko lonse lapansi pempho loti athetse ndikuletsa zida zonse za nyukiliya - amayi anga anali mtsogoleri wa kampeni ku Los Angeles kudzera mu bungwe lawo, Southern California Peace Crusade - yoyambitsidwa ndi (pakati pa ena) Marc Chagall, WEB Dubois, Thomas Mann. , Pablo Neruda, Pablo Picasso, Dmitri Shostakovich, ndi Simone Signoret. Frederic Joliot-Curie, wasayansi waku France wopambana mphoto ya Nobel, adatsogolera kampeniyo ndipo adakhala Purezidenti woyamba wa WPC yatsopano. Mfundo yakuti ena mwa anthu otchukawa anali a Chikomyunizimu inagwiritsiridwa ntchito kuipitsa mbiriyo. Mโmaganizo mwanga, zimenezi zinadzetsa mbiri kwa Achikomyunizimu mโmalo mofooketsa khama lawo.
Koma chimenecho chinali 1950, kukumbukira kutenthedwa kwa US kwa anthu 200,000 ku Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki kudakali kwatsopano, mizere ya Cold War inali itakokedwa koma osawumitsidwa kwathunthu.
Pofika m'chaka cha 1979, pamene tinayambitsa USPC, WPC inali itakula kwambiri. Ngakhale makomiti ake ambiri amtundu-makamaka koma osati kumadzulo kwa Ulaya kokha-.anali zigawo zogwira ntchito, ngakhale atsogoleri, a mabungwe awo amtendere, ambiri anali ovomerezeka kwambiri komanso ovomerezeka-ochepetsedwa mpaka kulembera makalata ndi kulengeza zolengeza kudzera muzofalitsa. Mtsogoleri wa bungwe la WPC anali pulezidenti wawo wakale, Romesh Chandra, Mkomyunizimu wa ku India yemwe anathamangitsidwa, wolamulira wankhanza yemwe adasokoneza nzeru zake zonse zankhondo zapakati pamagulu mpaka kunyalanyaza kumanga mayendedwe. Ichi sichinali cholakwika chapadera; m'dziko lathu, chiwerengero chilichonse cha "atsogoleri" a ntchito, ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi mayendedwe ena opita patsogolo amasankha mabureaucratic arteriosclerosis pomanga kayendedwe. Ndikosavuta kuwongolera boma kuposa kuyankha ku gulu.
Zaka zingapo ndisanachite nawo WPC, ndinali mu cafรฉ ya Prague ndikumwa mowa ndi Misha Altman, wolemba mbiri waku Hollywood yemwe sanatchulidwepo, adathamangitsidwa ku Europe komwe adapeza ntchito yomwe idaletsedwa kwa iye ku Los Angeles. Kwa kanthawi kochepa, adakhala woimira WPC ku Geneva. Popeza anali mlendo, Myuda, komanso msilikali wankhondo ya Cold War, Misha anali wochenjera, wochenjera komanso wowoneka bwino wa dziko. Anasimba nkhani ya momwe, atapambana ku Stalingrad, pamene Red Army inali kusamukira kumadzulo, chipani cha Nazi chomwe chinali ku Vienna chinayika zikwangwani kudutsa mumzindawu kuti anthu akhazikike. โMkhalidwe wovuta, koma osati wopanda chiyembekezo,โ zikwangwanizo zimaลตerenga. Misha adati zosiyana ndi zomwe WPC idachita: "Zinthu zopanda chiyembekezo, koma sizowopsa."
Chifukwa chake pamenepo, mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, tsopano ndinali ndi udindo wokonza bungwe latsopano lamtendere la dziko, gulu la US la WPC. Izi zinali 1979,
Zomwe zimamveka kuti "gulu lamtendere" linali gulu lalikulu la mabungwe odzipereka - ambiri (koma osati onse) omwe amatsatira miyambo yachipembedzo ndi yamtendere yokhala ndi miyambo yayitali, yolemekezeka yomenyana, ndi kulankhula zoona kwa mphamvu. Nthawi zonse anali azungu komanso apakati. Gululi lidayang'ana kwambiri mpikisano wa zida za nyukiliya pakati pa US ndi USSR. Gulu lachiwiri la "mgwirizano", lomwe lili ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso zipembedzo zomwezo, lidayang'ana kwambiri zakuthandizira magulu omenyera ufulu omwe amalimbana ndi maulamuliro atsamunda komanso maulamuliro achitsamunda mu Africa ndi Latin America.
Zopereka ku gulu lamtendere lomwe tinkayembekezera kupanga ndi US Peace Council zinali 1) kupanga gawo la anthu ogwira ntchito, komanso lomwe linali lamitundu yambiri komanso mayiko osiyanasiyana; 2) kufotokozera momveka bwino ubale wachuma chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi zida zankhondo ndi zosintha pang'ono, osatchulapo zakusauka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, makamaka madera amitundu-ndi zosowa zawo zofunika: nyumba zabwino, masukulu abwino, chisamaliro chabwino chaumoyo, ndi izi; 3) ndikukumbatira ndikuphatikiza zovuta ziwiri za zida za nyukiliya ndi kumasulidwa kwa dziko.
Sindikufuna kusocheretsa. Ngakhale kuti ineyo ndinali membala wa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu, USPC silinali gulu lachikomyunizimu. Utsogoleri wathu, mwachitsanzo, unaphatikizapo maofesala angapo a mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi akuluakulu osankhidwa aboma (kuphatikiza ena omwe mpaka pano akadali paudindo wosankhidwa).
Chipani cha Communist Party, chifukwa cha zolakwa zake zambiri, kuphatikiza zowopsa zake, chinathandizira kwambiri chikhalidwe cha ndale cha ku America makamaka mayendedwe ake omenyera chilungamo pazachuma komanso kulimbikira kwake pankhondo yolimbana ndi kusankhana mitundu komanso kumanga mgwirizano wamitundu yambiri monga chofunikira kwambiri. choyambirira. Chochititsa chidwi nโchakuti chipanichi chinalimbana ndi tsankho molimba mtima komanso molimba mtima ngakhale pamene ulamuliro wa KKK unachitikira ku Jim Crow South.
Ndinkakhulupiriraโkutengera zaka zopitirira 20 za gulu lankhondoโkuti simungathe kupanga bungwe lokhala ndi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, lokhala ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana pokhapokha mutayamba ndi maziko otere. Pafupifupi magulu onse amtundu wamtendere m'zaka za m'ma 1980 anali ochuluka ngati sanali oyera komanso apakati. Chiyambireni maphunziro a UC Berkeley zaka 20 mโmbuyomo, ndinali nditagwira ntchito mโmagulu a anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo ndinadziลตa kuti ine ndekha sindidzakhala womasuka mโmalo aazungu, chotero tinayamba kupanga china chosiyana.
Zoonadi tinkagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku pa zida za nyukiliya, komanso zotsatira za chuma chokhazikika chankhondo-kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kusowa kwa sukulu zabwino komanso chithandizo chamankhwala kwa mabanja osauka ndi ogwira ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Tinagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi anthu a ku El Salvador, Nicaragua, Chile, Palestine ndi kwina kulikonse polimbana ndi maulamuliro othandizidwa ndi madola aku US ndi zida zankhondo. Tidasonkhanitsa masauzande masauzande ambiri kuti timasule Nelson Mandela, yemwe adatsekeredwa m'ndende chifukwa chauchigawenga ndi boma lachigawenga, mothandizidwa ndi boma la Reagan. (Mandela, pambuyo pake, adamangidwa chifukwa cha ntchito za CIA ndipo adadziwika kuti ndi wachigawenga ndi boma la US.)
Kuyambira pomwe tidayambitsa USPC ku 1979 - Woimira John Conyers waku Detroit anali wokamba nkhani wathu wamkulu - tidayesa kulowa nawo migwirizano yofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yolimbana ndi mtendere ndi zida zanyukiliya. Kukhalapo kwathu sikunali kolandirika nthaลตi zonse ndipo panali zoyesayesa zina zopambana zoletsa kutengamo mbali kwathu. Komabe, monga Senator Elizabeth Warren pambuyo pake, tidalimbikira.
Mgwirizano umodzi womwe unativomereza mosavuta unali Mobilization for Survival a/k/a the Mobe, chigawo chachikulu cha anti-nuke (zonse zida ndi malo opangira mphamvu). Ronald Reagan anali atangoyamba kumene udindo ndipo anali pafupi kukwaniritsa malonjezo ake olimbikitsa nkhondo ya Cold War, kuyika zida zanyukiliya zapamwamba kwambiri ku Ulaya ndi kudziwitsa dziko lonse lapansi kuti dziko loyamba ndi lokhalo logwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya silingakanenso. kukhala wachiwiri.
Tsiku lina kuli chipale chofeลตa mโnyengo yachisanu ya 1981, ndikuchoka pamsonkhano wa a Mobe pa tchalitchi cha Riverside ku Morningside Heights ku Manhattan, ndinali kuyenda mโsitima yapansi panthaka ndi David McReynolds, mtsogoleri wankhondo wankhondo wa War Resisters League ndi wa Socialist Party, ndi David Cortright. pa nthawiyo mtsogoleri wa SANE (National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy). Mโmodzi mwa a David aja ananena kuti mโchaka chotsatira bungwe la United Nations lidzakhala ndi msonkhano wawo woyamba wa Special Session on Disarmament (SSD) kuno ku New York. Tonse tinagwirizana kuti zingakhale zabwino kwambiri kulandira SSD ndikulimbikitsana kwakukulu m'misewu ya mzinda wathu. Tinagwirizana kuti tikambirane izi pamsonkhano wotsatira wa Mobe.
Zachidziwikire kuti panali mgwirizano wanthawi yomweyo komanso wogwirizana womanga ku SSD. Zinali zongochitika mwachilengedwe popeza gulu lochotsa zida panthawiyo lidayang'ana kwambiri Nuclear Freeze. Kuphatikiza pa kudzudzula mgwirizano wam'mbuyomu wa zida zankhondo za US-Soviet, Reagan adalengeza za nyukiliya ya NATO ndi bomba la nyutroni ("amapha anthu, osati katundu" - chida changwiro cha capitalist) ndi m'badwo watsopano wa zida za Cruise ndi Pershing II pakati. Europe ndi cholinga chakum'mawa. Asitikali aku Soviet, nawonso, anayamba kusintha zida zakale za nyukiliya nโkuikamo mivi yolondola kwambiri ya SS-20.
Zaka zingapo m'mbuyomo, Randall Forsberg, wa ku America yemwe adagwirapo ntchito ku Stockholm International Peace Institute, anayamba kufalitsa chikalata, "Call to Halt the Nuclear Arms Race," chopempha kuti ayimitse kuyesa, kupanga ndi kutumizira zida zina zanyukiliya. ndi US ndi USSR. "Kuzizira" posakhalitsa kunakhala cholinga chachikulu cha gulu lochotsa zida-SANE, American Friends Service Committee, Fellowship of Reconciliation ndi mabungwe ena achipembedzo ndi amtendere. Zinali zachibadwa kuti magulu onsewa angafune kuti Freeze akhale maziko a kulimbikitsa anthu ambiri.
Vuto linali lakuti ngakhale kuti iwo anali mbali yaikulu ya gulu loponya zida, gulu lochotsa zida linali lochepa chabe la anthu. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, misonkhano yawo inkafanana kwambiri ndi Provo, Utah, kuposa mzinda wa New York. Pamene tinayesa kuyambitsa lingaliro lakukulitsa mgwirizanowu kuti uphatikizepo anthu amitundu, mabungwe ogwira ntchito ndi ena otero, panali kutsutsa kwakukulu. Onsewa anali anthu abwino, amakhalidwe abwino ndi odzipereka. Koma iwonso anali akuchigawo, osazolowera kugwira ntchito ndi anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana, akuchitira nsanje mwayi wawo komanso umwini wa nkhani yochotsa zida, komanso akuda nkhawa ndi "kuchepetsa" nkhaniyi ndi zofuna zina, mwachitsanzo, kupereka ndalama kusukulu ndi chithandizo chamankhwala m'malo moponya zida ndi zida zina. . Poyamba, ine mwina ndinali mawu olimbikira ndi okweza kwambiri kukulitsa mgwirizanowoโwina anayenera kuteroโndipo panali ena amene mwina ankaganiza kuti, pokhala ine Mkomyunizimu, ndinali ndi zolinga zobisika.
Mwachisoni ndinayenera kuwakumbutsa-kapena kuphunzitsa omwe sankadziwa-kuti anthu monga Dr. WEB DuBois ndi Paul Robeson anali m'gulu la atsogoleri omwe amayesa kuletsa kupanga zida za atomiki m'zaka za nkhondo, komanso kuthetsa nkhondo. Nkhondo yaku Korea; kuti Komiti Yogwirizanitsa Yopanda Ziwawa ya Ophunzira, asilikali odabwitsa a gulu lakummwera la ufulu wa anthu, ndi Dr. King anali atsogoleri akuluakulu a gulu lodana ndi nkhondo ya Vietnam. Osati kunena momveka bwino kwambiri, koma mtendere ndi kuchotsera zida sizinali "nkhani zachizungu." Komanso, ogwira ntchito ndiwo anali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chosinthira kuguba kwa magulu ankhondo.
Sindikufuna kuwonetsa kuti Peace Council kapena ine ndi omwe adachita nawo bwino zomwe zidachitika. Koma tinapereka chithandizo chimodzi chokha komanso chofunikira. Osati kuti langa linali liwu lokhalo lomwe linkayambitsa mkangano. Kulumikizana nane kunali virtuoso yolimbikitsa dziko lonse Leslie Cagan, David McReynolds wa War Resisters League, Connie Hogarth, doyenne wa zinthu zonse zomwe zikuyenda bwino m'madera akumpoto a NYC, ndipo pamapeto pake Cora Weiss. Cora anayendetsa ntchito ya Riverside Church's Disarmament Project, yomwe inkachititsa misonkhano yathu, modalitsidwa ndi Mbusa William Sloan Coffin. Cora anali wodzipatulira mopanda malire komanso wamphamvu komanso wandale kumbali ya angelo, ngakhale, atabadwa wolemera, ankakonda kuchitira ena onse ngati thandizo lolembedwa.
Pambuyo pa miyezi yambiri ya kukangana kwakukulu ndi kukambirana, msonkhano wina tinapezeka ndi anzathu atatu akuda: Jack O'Dell, yemwe anali wothandizira wamkulu wa Dr. King ndiyeno Rev. Jesse Jackson; Jim Bell, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa District 65, mgwirizano wa ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa nyumba, komanso mutu wa mutu wa NY wa Coalition of Black Trade Unionists; ndi a Bill Lynch, mwina katswiri wazandale wanzeru kwambiri mumzindawu yemwe adzakhale Wachiwiri kwa Meya muulamuliro wa David Dinkins zaka zingapo.
Ena mwa anthu samadziwa, monga momwe mawuwo amanenera, kuti awononge kapena kuwomba wotchi yawo. Koma tsopano anali atauzidwa mfundo yokwaniritsidwa. Ndipo moyo unapitirira popanda kumangidwa kwa mtima umodzi. Patapita nthawi, enanso analowa nawo, makamaka 1199, bungwe la zaumoyo ndipo mwinamwake bungwe la ogwira ntchito lomwe likupita patsogolo kwambiri m'deralo.
Ambiri mwa anthu omwe ndawatchula pano tsopano apitaโBill Coffin, Jack O'Dell, Bill Lynch, Jim Bell, Connie Hogarth, David McReynolds pakati pawo. Zokwanira kunena kuti Marichi 12, 1982 pa Zida Zanyukiliya ndi Zosowa Zaumunthu sizikanakhala kupambana kwakukulu komwe kudakhalako pakadapanda iwo.
Mmodzi wa oyamba kufa, komanso wokondedwa kwambiri kwa ine, anali Sandy Pollack yemwe ndege yake ya 1985 kuchokera ku Havana kupita ku Managua inagwera m'nyanja. Sandy anali ndi zaka 35. Anzake oposa XNUMX anasonkhana pa mwambo wa chikumbutso chake ku Riverside Church kumene Bill Coffin anati, โSandy mwina sankakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, koma Mulungu ankakhulupirira Sandy.โ
Mulungu analikonza ilo. Sandy Pollack anali mwalamulo "Mtsogoleri Wothandizira" wanga ku Peace Council, koma izi zinali zopeka. Iye analidi wotsogolera mnzanga kapena mnzangaโtinangogawana ntchito molingana ndi zomwe tinkafuna. Sindikadakhala nazo mwanjira ina iliyonse, ngakhalenso iye.
M'miyezi isanakwane ku Central Park kuguba ndi msonkhano, ndinapezeka pamisonkhano yonse yokonzekera ndikukangana ndikukonzekera kukulitsa kutengapo gawo kuphatikiza mabungwe ogwira ntchito ku New York ndi madera a Black ndi Latino. Mikanganoyo itathetsedwa, ndidachoka ndikulola Sandy kuti athandizire gawo la "ntchito" zantchitoyo. Ntchito ya Sandyโyondivuta kwambiri mโmaso mwangaโinali kupeza zilolezo zochoka mu mzindawu kuti zisathe kulanda pakati pa tawuni ya Manhattan ndi Central Park pa June 12, 1982.
Sandy sanali munthu woti azunzike zitsiru mosangalala, koma anali ndi chipiriro chopanda malire komanso kutsimikiza mtima kuzunzika opusa kwa nthawi yayitali. Mtsogoleri wa Parks wa Mayor Edward Koch anali Henry Stern ndipo, ngakhale sanali munthu wopusa, adasewera mopusa kwa meya. Sitinathe kugwiritsa ntchito Central Park popanda chilolezo cha Stern, ndipo Stern sakanapereka chilolezo popanda madalitso a Koch. Koch sanali bwenzi la gululi ndipo analibe chidwi kutipatsa pakiyo. Sandy amayenera kukakamiza Stern ndi Koch kuti apereke zomwe sakufuna.
Ifeโkomiti yokonza mapulaniโtinali titasankha mโMvula ya 1981 kuti tisonkhane ku United Nations pa First Avenue ndi kuguba kupita ku paki. Chifukwa chake zokambirana ndi mzindawu, mwachitsanzo Commissioner Stern, zidayamba mu Novembala. Sandy, nthawi zina limodzi ndi mnzake (nthawi zambiri Leslie Cagan), anayamba misonkhano nthawi zonse ndi Stern mu ofesi yake ku Central Park. Milungu iwiri kapena itatu iliyonse, Sandy ankatenga kachikwama kake, kabuku kake ndi ndudu, ndikutuluka muofesi ya Peace Council kukakumana ndi "woyika maliro" pamene iye kenako ndinayamba kuyimbira Stern.
Pamene anabwererako nthaลตi iriyonse ndi kusapita patsogolo kulikonse pa msonkhano wapitawo, sanafooke kwenikweni koma anadzifunsa ngati mwinamwake misonkhanoyo inali kutaya nthaลตi. Stern anali wokoma mtima mokwanira koma ananena momveka bwino kuti chisankho pa nkhani yathu sichidzaperekedwa ndi iye, koma ndi meya. Ndinamulimbikitsa kupitirizabe, ndikumuuza kuti tiyenera kusonyeza chikhulupiriro ngakhale titadziwa kuti Stern ndi Koch sakudziwa. Ndinatsutsa kuti maganizo athu ayenera kukhala, tikuyenda ndikukhala ku Central Park; chimenecho ndi chilolezo choperekedwa, chololeza kapena palibe, ndipo kuti pamene zinawonekera pamene tsiku likuyandikira lomwe tinatsimikiza, mzinda udzatipatsa chilolezo. Kapena osati.
Sitinalandire konse chilolezo mpaka masiku ochepa kuti agumbe ndi msonkhano, pomwe Koch adamvetsetsa zomwe Sandy adamuuza kwa miyezi ingapo: kuti mazana masauzande a madera ake ndi mazana masauzande a anthu okhala kunja kwa tawuni. kupezekapo. Sindikudziwa izi koma ndikuganiza kuti nzeru za NYPD zidapatsa meya nkhani zosavomerezeka. Mulimonsemo, tinalandira zilolezo. Tidzasonkhana midadada ingapo mumsewu woyamba wa First Avenue ndi UN kaamba ka msonkhano, pomwe khamu la anthu lidatsogozedwa 42.nd kupita ku Madison, Sixth ndi Eighth Avenues kuti tiyende kumpoto mpaka kukalowa ku paki.
Msonkhano woyamba wa UN udachitika kuchokera pagalimoto yayitali ya flatbed. Osewera a ku Hollywood Susan Sarandon ndi Roy Scheider anali ogwirizana ndipo ine ndinali woyang'anira siteji, kulera ndi kuthamangitsa okamba ndi osangalatsa osiyanasiyana. Chitetezo pabwalo la UN chinakonzedwa ndi District 65. Jim Bell, wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa District 65, anali m'modzi mwa anthu omwe ndikanawathandiza kuti awalembetse ku komiti yokonzekera. Ndipo ndi gulu lake lachitetezo lomwe linazungulira galimoto ya flatbed.
Pafupifupi ola limodzi nditangoyamba kumene msonkhanowoโkhamu la anthu (lomwe tsopano lili mumsewu wonse wa First Avenue mpaka mmene munthu amaonera mbali zonse ziลตiriโndinamva munthu wina mumsewu akuyesa kundichititsa chidwi.โ Anali Kevin Lynchยธ membala wa bungwe la Peace Council. National board komanso mkonzi wa nyuzipepala ya District 65 komanso m'modzi mwa gulu lachitetezo. Ndinamubweretsa pagalimoto kuti tikambirane za phokoso la gululo. , Meya Koch anali atabwera nโkufunsa ngati angalankhule.โ Kevin anafuna kudziwa kuti, โNdimuuze chiyani?โ Ndinayankha kuti, โMuuzeni kuti apite kukagona.โ Kevin, munthu wa ku Ireland yemwe ankamwetulira nthawi zonse, anaseka nโkunena kuti: Nditero."
Pambuyo pake ndinawona Kevin ndikufunsa zomwe zinachitika ndi Koch. Ambiri clichรฉs ndi clichรฉs chifukwa iwo ndi truisms. Koma ngakhale kuti ndaลตerenga nkhani zambiriโmwina kuyamba za Santa Clausโza anthu okhala ndi maso โothwanima,โ sindikuganiza kuti ndinali nditadziลตapo kufikira pamene ndinakumana ndi Kevin. Chotero Kevin akuti, โNdinabwerera kwa meya ndi kunena, โWolemekezeka, ukumuona munthu wamkulu uja ali mgalimotomo? Ndiye ndinamufunsa ngati ungalankhule ndipo anandiuza kuti ndikuuze kuti uzikachita manyazi.โ Kuthwanima.
Tsiku lonse linali lachipambano chachikulu koma pamlingo waumwini, imeneyo inali nthawi yake imodzi yosangalatsa kwambiri.
New York anali asanawonepo chilichonse choterechi. Palibe paliponse mu United States anali. Chinali chionetsero chimodzi chachikulu kwambiri m'mbiri yathu. Kuyang'ana mlengalenga kwapakati pa Manhattan kumawona nyanja ya anthu. Khamu la anthu linadzaza mโnjira zosiyanasiyana komanso mโmakwalala ambiri. Pamene onse anali atasonkhana ku Central Park, anali okwana miliyoni.
Ena mwa oimba pakiyi anali Bruce Springsteen, Linda Ronstadt, Gary US Bonds, James Taylor, Jackson Browne, Joan Baez. Koma palibe amene analengezedwa pasadakhale. Ambiri mwa okonzawo sankadziwa kuti ndani adzakhalepo. Anthuwo anadza ku pakiyo chifukwa chakuti ankafuna mtendere, kulandidwa zida, kukonzanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri mโdziko kuchokera ku mfuti kupita ku batala, kapenanso kuchotsa mivi kupita ku margarine. Sanabwere kudzaimba nyimbo, ngakhale kuti anthu onse ankasangalala.
Springsteen, woimba wotchuka kwambiri, akhoza kuyimba pamaso pa anthu miliyoni paulendo wa 12 mumzinda. Koma osati pamalo amodzi nthawi imodzi. Chotero June 12,1982, XNUMX sichinali kokha chisonyezero chamtendere chachikulu koposa mโmbiri ya United States komanso konsati yanyimbo yotchuka koposa mโmbiri imeneyo ya dziko.
Ndiyo nkhani yanga, ndipo ndimamatira kwa iyo.
Michael Myerson ndi mlembi wa Awa ndi Masiku Abwino Akale: Kubwera Kwa Ukalamba Monga M'zaka Zakumapeto kwa America, Zaka Zakumapeto, Zokumbukira za Kusatukuka Kwambiri: Mafilimu Osintha a Cuba, Watergate: Crime in the Suites, Palibe Chingakhale Chabwino Kwambiri, ILGWU: Union Zomwe Zimamenyera Malipiro Ochepa, Woyimira ndi Wothandizira: Memoirs of American Communist Lawyer (co-author). Akuti akugwira ntchito zina zokumbukira zomwe ndi gwero la nkhaniyi.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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