[Chidziwitso Choyambirira: Cholemba pansipa chalembedwa ngati uthenga wabwino kwa Ahmet Davutoğlu. Asanalowe m'boma, Davutoğlu adapanga otsatira amphamvu pakati pa aluntha padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chakukula ndi kuzama kwake komwe kumakhudza kulamulira kwachilendo pa sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso zaumunthu, moyang'ana kwambiri mafilosofi a mbiri yakale, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ku sayansi. Zowona zaku Turkey zakale ndi zamakono komanso zamtsogolo. Ndimasindikizanso nkhani yosinthidwa kwambiri yomwe idalembedwa sabata yapitayo atafunsidwa ndi AlJazeera Turka, ndipo ikupezeka mu Chituruki chokha.]
Kukwera kwa Ahmet Davutoğlu
Pakadali pano ndemanga zambiri pakusankhidwa kwa Ahmet Davutoğlu kukhala Prime Minister watsopano waku Turkey zakhala zikuyang'ana kwambiri pa zomwe zidzakhale ubale wake ndi Purezidenti watsopano wa dzikolo, Recip Teyyip Erdoğan. Makamaka otsutsa a Justice and Development Party (AKP) amakonda kuwonetsa Davutoğlu ngati wotsimikiza kusewera fiddle yachiwiri kwa Erdoğan yemwe amanyansidwa kwambiri komanso amawopedwa, ndipo amawonedwa ngati 'Putin waku Turkey.' Mfundo yoti Erdoğan akuwoneka kuti adasankha Davutoğlu kuti alowe m'malo mwa mtsogoleri wachipani komanso nduna yayikulu, ndipo adachita mwadala kusiya Purezidenti wakale, Abdullah Gul, akuwonjezera nkhawa zomwe zingayembekezere ku boma lotsogozedwa ndi Davutoğlu. Ndikukhulupirira kuti zongopeka zotere ndi zolakwika kwambiri, kuti Davutoğlu ndi munthu wosiririka wa zikhulupiriro zamphamvu komanso wotsatira masomphenya andale omwe asintha kwazaka zambiri potengera maphunziro ndi chidziwitso. M'malingaliro mwanga Davutoğlu adzakhala mtsogoleri wodziwika bwino waku Turkey chifukwa chaulamuliro wake woganiza bwino komanso potengera zomwe amaika patsogolo komanso mapulogalamu ake. Ndi mayiko ochepa omwe angatenge utsogoleri wamtundu womwe waperekedwa komanso mbiri yomwe Erdoğan, Davutoğlu, ndi Gul adachita pazaka khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazi.
Kuti Davutoğlu afike pachimake pazandale ndiye gawo laposachedwa kwambiri pakukwera kwake kodabwitsa m'magulu olamulira ku Ankara. Kubwera ku boma pambuyo kumizidwa mozama mu moyo waukatswiri wa pulofesa waku yunivesite ndizosazolowereka mokwanira, koma kukwera kumlingo woterewu wa kutchuka ndi chikoka popanda kutaya khalidwe lake la maphunziro sikunachitikepo, osati ku Turkey kokha komanso kulikonse.
Pofufuza mafananidwe aposachedwapa, ndimatha kuganiza za Henry Kissinger, ndipo sanakwere pamwamba pa Mlembi wa boma, ngakhale kuti adagwira ntchito yomanga ndondomeko yachilendo ya ku America pa nthawi ya utsogoleri wa Richard Nixon, nthawi ya utsogoleri wapadziko lonse wosakayikitsa. Mosiyana ndi Davutoglu, Kissinger ankaona kuti makhalidwe abwino ndi malamulo a malamulo akunja ndi zida zofalitsa zabodza osati monga mfundo. Kissinger monga wophunzira sanapindulepo kusiyana kapena kukhudzidwa kwa dziko komwe kudabwera chifukwa cha Davutoğlu. Kuzama kwa Strategic, yomwe mwamwayi, idakonzedweratu kuti ikhale yoyamba pa maphunziro atatu ofunika kwambiri, ena awiri okhudzana ndi kuya kwa mbiri yakale ndi kuya kwa chikhalidwe. Imodzi mwa ndalama zolowa m'boma yakhala kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchitoyo, yomwe ikamalizidwa, ndiyotsimikizika kuti ikhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri.
Kuyambira mu 2003 monga Mlangizi Wamkulu wa Unduna wa Zachilendo, ndipo pambuyo pake kwa Prime Minister, udindo wa Davutolğu monga katswiri wotchuka komanso wolemekezeka udadziwika mwamsanga. Kale Davutoğlu asanakhale nduna yakunja ku 2009, adalemekezedwa kwambiri ku Turkey monga womanga mfundo zake zamphamvu komanso zogwira mtima zakunja, zomwe zidayambitsa chipwirikiti mderali komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Zopereka za Davutoğlu zidadziwika kwambiri m'magawo atatu a mfundo zakunja. Choyamba, adamvetsetsa komanso kufotokoza momveka bwino kufunika kwa dziko la Turkey kuti ligwirizane ndi malo atsopano omwe adakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa Cold War, pozindikira kuti tsopano zinali zotheka komanso zofunika kuti Turkey ikhale yodziyimira pawokha ku Middle East ndi kupitirira popanda kuyembekezera. chilolezo kuchokera ku Washington.
Kachiwiri, Davutoğlu kuyambira chakumayambiriro kwa udindo wake m'boma adakhala nthumwi yayikulu ya Ankara poyesa kukonza njira yopita ku membala wa Turkey ku European Union, ndikukhazikitsa "Zofunikira za Copenhagen" zomwe zidakhala zothandiza ngati mapu ofunikira. kusintha kwapakhomo. Izi zimagwira ntchito ngati udindo wofunikira womwe udalumikizidwa ndi pulogalamu yapanyumba yokonzanso, yomwe idaphatikizapo kuteteza ufulu wa anthu ndikuwonetsa kusungidwa kwa boma lakuya ku Turkey mzaka zoyambirira za utsogoleri wa AKP pomwe ubale ndi asitikali unali wovuta, komanso mphekesera za chiwembu chomwe chikubwera chinali mlengalenga. Kukwaniritsa zofunikira za EU kunapatsa Erdoğan zifukwa zomwe amafunikira kuti alimbikitse kuwongolera kwa anthu wamba ku Turkey. Chifukwa cha zofuna zake zapadera, asilikali a ku Turkey adakhala ofunitsitsa kukhala membala wa EU monga momwe zinalili ndi AKP, ndipo ngakhale otsutsa a Kemalist okhwima adagwirizana ndi gawo ili la pulogalamu ya AKP.
Kachitatu, izi zopangitsa kuti boma la Turkey likhale lachitukuko, lidachotsa gawo lomwe asitikali ankhondo aku Turkey adachita ngati woyang'anira dzikolo kudzera munjira zotsutsana ndi atsogoleri osankhidwa. Poyang'ana m'mbuyo, kuchotsa zida zankhondo ku moyo wandale kunali gawo lalikulu lopititsa patsogolo demokalase ku Turkey ngakhale chitukuko chachikuluchi sichinavomerezedwe ku Brussels, ndi kwina kulikonse ku Ulaya. Pazifukwa zodziyimira pawokha za Islamophobic Europe idayamba kutsutsa kuvomereza dziko la Turkey ngati membala wa EU, ngakhale boma la Turkey lingapambane bwanji pakukwaniritsa zomwe zakhazikitsidwa. Titha kudziwanso kuti otsutsa aku Turkey sananenepo kuti Erdoğan adachita izi, zomwe zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri pazandale ku Turkey ngati demokalase yokhazikika pamalamulo. Ngakhale kuyamikira kupindula kwakukulu kumeneku, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti mbiri yonse ya AKP ya ufulu wa anthu ndi yosakanizika, makamaka kuphwanya ufulu wa ndale kudzera m'ndende ya atolankhani, ochirikiza Chikurdish, ndi ena.
Kuyambira pomwe adakhala m'boma, Davutoğlu adalimbikiranso kuchita chilichonse chotheka kuti athetse mikangano ya Israeli / Palestine / Syria, ndipo adatsogolera ntchito yaku Turkey kuti abweretse mtendere m'derali. Kuyesa kwa Davutoğlu kuti Hamas atengedwe ngati wosewera wandale komanso wovomerezeka atapambana zisankho za 2006 ku Gaza zikadapulumutsa chisoni ku Middle East zikadavomerezedwa ku Washington ndi Tel Aviv. Ntchito zothetsa mikanganozi zitagwa, dziko la Turkey latsala pang'ono kukhala lokha m'derali kuti likhale lothandiza komanso lolimbikitsa potsutsa kutsekedwa kwa Israeli ku Gaza ndi kufunafuna kuthetsa chilango cha anthu onse komanso mavuto aumunthu a anthu aku Palestine. Udindowu udanyansidwa m'malo amphamvu zaku Western komanso m'maboma ambiri achiarabu, koma wapangitsa dziko la Turkey ndi atsogoleri ake kukondedwa ndi anthu am'derali ndi kupitirira apo. Idawonetsanso kulimbikira kwa Davutoğlu kuti mfundo zakunja zaku Turkey zopambana ziyenera kutsatiridwa momwe zingathere pomwe nthawi yomweyo zizikhala zotengera mwayi, zimalimbikitsa zokonda ndi zikhulupiriro zadziko, komanso nthawi zonse zomwe zingatheke kufunafuna chibwenzi osati mikangano.
Chodziwika bwino, komanso chotsutsana, Davutoğlu adawona mwayi wofikira anthu aku Turkey kumayiko achiarabu, ndi kupitilira apo. Mosiyana ndi zoyesayesa zomwe zidalephera m'zaka za m'ma 1990 zophatikizira mayiko odziyimira pawokha aku Central Asia mu gawo la Turkey, AKP idayandikira bwino kukula kwa malonda, ndalama, ndi kusinthana kwa chikhalidwe mdera lonselo, njira yomwe idapatsidwa dzina lodziwika bwino lolemba Davutoğlu. za 'ziro mavuto ndi anansi' atakhala Nduna Yachilendo mu 2009. Poyamba ZPN ankaoneka ngati wanzeru diplomatic sitiroko, khama kwambiri kuti apumule zokhumba Turkey pa mphamvu ya 'zofewa mphamvu geopolitics,' ndiko kuti, kupereka phindu, kukopa ena. , osati kudalira mphamvu zankhondo kapena kukakamira kokakamiza. Poganizira zomwe zimawoneka ngati zenizeni zandale zankhanza mderali, kuyanjana kolimbikitsana kothandizana kumawoneka kopambana kuposa momwe adakhalira adani, mikangano, komanso kusalowererapo komwe kwakhala kudziwika kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mfundo zakunja zaku Turkey, komanso kufotokozera zandale zandale. mlengalenga ku Middle East.
Kenako kumayambiriro kwa 2011 kunabwera Arab Spring yomwe idadabwitsa aliyense, kuphatikiza Turkey. Zinabweretsa chisangalalo ndi chipwirikiti m'chigawo chonsecho, komanso lonjezo la demokalase yokulirapo komanso njira zambiri zaulamuliro. Davutoğlu monganso mtsogoleri wina aliyense padziko lapansi adalandira chipwirikiti chotsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa Arabu ngati zochitika zabwino, zomwe zikulozera makamaka zochitika zodabwitsa ku Tunisia ndi Egypt kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2011 zomwe zinagonjetsa atsogoleri awiri olamulira ndi achinyengo omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali podalira kulimbikitsa anthu ambiri opanda chiwawa. Davutoğlu adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi achinyamata achi Arabu monga gulu losintha zinthu lomwe amakhulupirira kuti limagwirizana ndi kusintha kwa mbiri yakale.
Chiyembekezo chimenechi sichinakhalitse. Zomwe zidachitika ku Libya, Syria, Bahrain, ndi Yemen zidawonetsa momveka bwino kuti sipadzakhala kusintha kosavuta komanso kofulumira komwe kumawoneka mwachinyengo ku Egypt ndi Tunisia. Posakhalitsa zidadziwikiratu kuti zidzakhala zofunikira kuti dziko la Turkey lisankhe mbali pakati pa akuluakulu aboma omwe akufuna kugwiritsitsa kapena kubwezeretsa mphamvu zawo komanso njira yoyambilira ya Ankara yokhala ndi olamulira a mayiko achiarabu popanda kupereka chigamulo cha momwe mabomawa amachitira ndi awo. nzika.
Syria idabweretsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri pankhaniyi. Ulamuliro wa Assad ku Damasiko m'mbuyomu anali mwana wa ZPN, ndipo tsopano akuwonetsa kusatheka kwa chikhalidwe chotere monga boma la Damasiko lidakhala ndi udindo wochitira nkhanza anthu ake. Dziko la Turkey linasintha mwadzidzidzi, kusiya kudalira Assad, ndikugwirizanitsa ndi zigawenga. Maonekedwe a pro ndi anti-Assad adakhala otsutsana ku Turkey. Chipani chachikulu chotsutsa, CHP, chikuimba mlandu Erdoğan kuti amasewera ndale zampatuko pothandizira ku Syria zigawenga zomwe zidayamba kulamuliridwa ndi zigawenga zachi Sunni zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mtundu waku Syria wa Muslim Brotherhood.
Davutoğlu mwaluso komanso momveka adakonzanso ZPN yake ponena kuti boma likawombera nzika zake mochuluka, dziko la Turkey lidzagwirizana ndi anthu, osati utsogoleri wa boma, womwe unataya kuvomerezeka chifukwa cha zochita zake. Kuyambira tsopano chiphunzitso chokhudzana ndi kawonedwe kake kakhoza kumveka bwino ngati 'zovuta ndi anthu,' za ZPP. Lingaliro lomwelo lidatsogolera dziko la Turkey kuti lithandizire kulowererapo kwa NATO ku Libya pomwe boma la Qaddafi likuwoneka kuti latsala pang'ono kuchita chiwembu chofuna kupha anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha Benghazi kuti athetse zipolowe. Kusonkhanitsa misa motsutsana ndi boma losankhidwa la Morsi ku Egypt likuwonetsa zovuta zamtundu wina, zomwe zimatsogolera dziko la Turkey kuti liyime m'derali, likugwirizana ndi Qatar kokha, pokana kupereka madalitso ake ku nkhondo yomwe inabweretsa General Sisi ku ulamuliro mu July. 2013.
Chothandizira panjira ya Davutoğlu pazandale zakunja ndikuyesa kuphatikizira mfundo ndi pragmatism pokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa mfundo, kuchita zomwe zili zolondola ndikuwunika mwayi uliwonse wopititsa patsogolo zofuna za dziko la Turkey, kuphatikiza kukweza mbiri yake padziko lonse lapansi ngati munthu wodalirika. ndi strategic player. Zolinga zophatikizika izi zidawonetsedwa bwino ndi zokambirana za Davutoğlu zomwe zimawoneka ngati zosokoneza m'malo ambiri, kuphatikiza Balkan, Crimea, Armenia, Myanmar, ndi Latin America, kufunafuna kulikonse komwe kungatheke kuthetsa mikangano ya m'madera kwinaku akubwereketsa zolinga zachifundo, ndikuchitapo kanthu. kukhazikitsa zonena za Turkey kuti ndizolimbikitsa padziko lonse lapansi komanso bwenzi lofunika pazamalonda ndi ndalama.
Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha njira yotereyi mosakayikira chinali ntchito yaikulu yomwe inayamba pakati pa chaka cha 2011 kuthandiza Somalia yomwe inali yovuta kwambiri pamene dziko lonse lapansi linasiya dzikolo ngati 'dziko lolephera.' Erdoğan ndi mkazi wake, pamodzi ndi Davutoğlu, adapita ku Mogadishu panthawi yomwe inkawoneka ngati yopanda chitetezo ndipo adasonkhanitsa ndalama zothandizira ndalama kuti asonyeze kudzipereka kwa Turkey. Kuchokera pakuchita molimba mtima komanso mongoganizira za mgwirizano uku kudabweretsa mwayi waukulu ku Africa ku Turkey, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kutchuka kwa Turkey kukwezeke komwe kunabweretsa mwayi waukulu ku kontinenti yonse.
Poganizira za njira ya Erdoğan/Davutoğlu yokhudzana ndi mfundo zakunja, izi ku Somalia zikuthandizira kufotokozera, momwe komanso chifukwa chake dziko la Turkey litasowa zaka 50 lidasankhidwa kukhala membala wa 2009-2010 ku UN Security Council mothandizidwa ndi Africa. Dziko la Turkey likuchitanso khama lalikulu kuti asankhidwe kukhala mu Security Council nthawi ya 2015-2016. Ikufotokozanso chifukwa chake Istanbul yakhala malo okondedwa amisonkhano yayikulu yapadziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zambiri imachotsa chizolowezi chosankha mizinda yaku Western Europe pamisonkhano yotere. Zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi zikuwonetsa chikhumbo cha Turkey kukhala wochita zandale padziko lonse lapansi, komanso chikoka champhamvu chamayiko ndi dera.
Ngakhale zachita bwino kwambiri, zomwe Davutoğlu adakumana nazo pazanja zakunja zilinso ndi zilema zake, ngakhale poganizira zovuta zomwe maboma onse adakumana nazo potengera kusintha kwadzidzidzi ku Middle East zaka zingapo zapitazi. Mwina chifukwa mbale yake inali yodzaza ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, Davutoğlu sanayang'ane mokwanira zovuta zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pa Arab Spring, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti apangire zolakwa zingapo m'malo mwa Turkey.
Mosakayikira zolakwitsa zazikuluzikuluzi zidakhudza Syria, osati zokhumba zake, koma kusowa kwapang'onopang'ono. M'malingaliro mwanga, zolakwa za Turkey zitha kumveka m'magawo awiri: choyamba, kutengeka kwakukulu komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuyesayesa koyambirira kuthetsa mikangano yomwe idalamulira ubale wa Turkey-Syrian kwazaka zambiri, kutsimikizira ulamuliro wa Assad kupitilira zomwe zinali zofunika kuti zikhazikike. za ubale popanga ziyembekezo zosatheka; ndipo chachiwiri, osati kungokana boma la Damasiko lomwe linali posachedwapa, koma kupereka chithandizo chonse ndi chitonthozo ku zigawenga zosadziwika bwino popanda kuyamikira kuyamikira mkati mwa mphamvu zapakati pa Syria. Ankara adachita ngati kuti boma la Assad litha posachedwa ngati litakankhidwa pang'ono ndi zipolowe. Dziko la Turkey linkawoneka lodabwitsidwa mosalekeza ndi kulimba kwa boma la Assad komanso thandizo lamkati, lachigawo, komanso la mayiko omwe anali kulandira. Ndondomeko ya Turkey inali yolakwika pazifukwa zingapo, ndipo inachititsa kuti dziko la Turkey likhale mkangano wapachiŵeniŵeni kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kutha, komanso kuwononga chithunzi chake ngati chikoka chanzeru komanso chodekha m'dera lonselo.
Mzere wodzudzula wofananawo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kuyankha kwa Davutoğlu ku Arab Spring ndi zotsatira zake. Ngakhale zinali zogwirizana ndi mfundo za ndondomeko zakunja zomwe anali kuchita upainiya kuti alandire zochitika za 2011 ku Tunisia ndi Egypt ngati zosintha, kunali kofulumira kunena kuti izi sizingasinthe, komanso kuyembekezera kufalikira kwawo kosalekeza ndi kufalikira kwa dera. Posakhalitsa zidadziwika kuti Davutoğlu sanayamikire mokwanira zandale kapena kuthekera kwa magulu olimbana ndi zigawenga m'derali, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti sanaganizirepo za kukhudzidwa kwa kutengeka kwa demokalase komwe kunafalikira mu ndale zamphamvu za anthu opatsidwa mphamvu. ma monarchies m'chigawochi. Udindo wa Saudi Arabia ndi UAE, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chawo chamafuta ndi mphamvu zandale kulimbikitsa kulanda asitikali ndi kuphwanya kwamagazi kwa Muslim Brotherhood ku Egypt kunasintha ubale wandale m'maiko angapo, ndipo zidakhala patsogolo mosakayikira ngakhale zikhumbo zampatuko za ochita ndalewa potsutsana ndi Shiite Iran. Chodabwitsa pankhaniyi ndi mgwirizano wachinsinsi wa maboma achiarabu ndi Israeli omwe adafika mpaka kuvomereza kuukira kwa masiku 50 ku Hamas ku West Bank ndi Gaza komwe kudayamba pa Julayi 8th.
Chovuta kwambiri kuwunika, koma chokayikira, ndi momwe dziko la Turkey, ngakhale linkayesa kutsata mtundu wake wamakambirano mu nthawi ya Davutoğlu idawonekanso kuti ikugwirizana ndi mfundo zokayikitsa za United States. Pachifukwa ichi, ndingatchule mgwirizano wochepa ndi zolephera zankhondo ku Afghanistan, Libya, komanso ku Syria. Ndizokayikitsanso ngati dziko la Turkey likadavomera kuti NATO itumize zida zodzitchinjiriza m'dera lake, zomwe Moscow idaziwona ngati zokopa. Zomwe zikuwoneka kuti ndizofunikira m'tsogolomu ndikusankha kwakukulu pakusunga mgwirizano wamphamvu wa Turkey ndi United States ndi NATO.
Zonsezi, Ahmet Davutoğlu adachita bwino kwambiri ngati nduna yazachilendo, ndipo ngati Prime Minister watsopano wa Turkey, ali wotsimikiza kuti awonjezera zomwe adathandizira pakupambana kwa Kemalist Turkey. Kulingalira kwake pakupanga mfundo pamodzi ndi kukhulupirika kwake ndi khalidwe lake pamodzi ndi luso lapamwamba la luso zimamupangitsa kukhala wosowa pakati pa ndale. Ndakhala ndikuchita chidwi ndi kumvetsetsa kwa Davutoğlu komwe kumagwira ntchito bwino ku Turkey padziko lonse lapansi ndi zotsatira za chidaliro chomwe chimabwera chifukwa cha kupambana kwathu. Izi zimafuna kukwaniritsa kukhazikika kwa ndale, chitukuko cha zachuma, kuteteza ufulu wa anthu ndi chilengedwe, komanso kupanga ndi kulimbikitsanso ndondomeko ndi zinthu za demokalase yophatikizana yomwe ili yabwino komanso yopindulitsa kwa nzika zonse mosasamala kanthu za mafuko ndi zipembedzo zawo. Pokhala ndi atsogoleri oterowo odzipereka ku dziko lopita patsogololi, Turkey ikhoza kuyembekezera tsogolo labwino. Dziko la Turkey latsala pang'ono kutenga gawo lofunikira ngati mphamvu yamtendere ndi chilungamo m'madzi aku Middle East, m'madera ozungulira ndi madera, ngakhale padziko lapansi.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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