Chitsime: Marx 21
Kodi coronavirus yatsopano ndiyowopsa bwanji?
Rob Wallace: Zimatengera komwe muli mu nthawi ya Covid-19 kwanuko: koyambirira, nsonga, mochedwa? Kodi kuyankha kwaumoyo wa anthu m'dera lanu ndikwabwino bwanji? Kodi anthu anu ndi otani? Muli ndi zaka zingati? Kodi ndinu okhudzidwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi? Kodi thanzi lanu ndi lotani? Kuti mufunse zomwe sizingadziwike, kodi ma immuogenetics anu, majini omwe amayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, amakhala ndi kachilomboka kapena ayi?
Ndiye kukangana konseku kokhudza kachilomboka ndi njira zowopseza basi?
Ayi ndithu ayi. Pa kuchuluka kwa anthu, Covid-19 anali atatsala pang'ono kufa pakati pa 2 ndi 4% kapena CFR kumayambiriro kwa mliri ku Wuhan. Kunja kwa Wuhan, CFR ikuwoneka kuti ikutsika mpaka 1% kapena kuchepera, komanso ikuwoneka kuti ikukwera mawanga apa ndi apo, kuphatikiza m'malo aku Italy ndi United States. , nenani, SARS pa 10%, chimfine cha1918 5-20%, ยปchimfine cha avianยซ H5N1 60%, kapena nthawi zina Ebola 90%. Koma imaposa 0.1% CFR ya fuluwenza ya nyengo. Kuopsa kwake sikungokhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amafa, komabe. Tiyenera kulimbana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kulowerera kapena kuukira kwa anthu ammudzi: kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi komwe kudalowetsedwa ndi mliriwu.
Kodi munganene zambiri?
Netiweki yapadziko lonse lapansi yapadziko lonse lapansi ndiyolumikizana bwino. Popanda katemera kapena mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a coronavirus, komanso pakadali pano chitetezo chamtundu uliwonse ku kachilomboka, ngakhale kufa kwa 1% kokha kumatha kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ndi nthawi yobereketsa mpaka milungu iwiri komanso umboni wowonjezereka wa matenda ena asanadwale - tisanadziwe kuti anthu ali ndi kachilombo - ndi malo ochepa omwe angakhale opanda matenda. Ngati, titi, Covid-19 amalembetsa 1% yakufa panthawi yopatsira anthu mabiliyoni anayi, ndiye kuti 40 miliyoni afa. Gawo laling'ono la chiwerengero chachikulu likhoza kukhalabe lalikulu.
Izi ndi ziwerengero zowopsa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tocheperako kuposaโฆ
Ndithudi ndipo ife tiri kokha pachiyambi cha kufalikira. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti matenda ambiri atsopano amasintha pakadutsa miliri. Infectivity, virulence, kapena zonsezi zikhoza kuchepetsa. Kumbali ina, kufalikira kwina kumachulukirachulukira. Mliri woyamba wa mliri wa chimfine m'chaka cha 1918 unali matenda ochepa. Anali mafunde achiwiri ndi achitatu mโnyengo yachisanu ndi 1919 amene anapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.
Koma okayikira miliri amati ndi odwala ochepa kwambiri omwe adatenga kachilomboka ndikuphedwa ndi coronavirus kuposa chimfine wamba. Mukuganiza bwanji pa zimenezi?
Ndikadakhala woyamba kukondwerera ngati mliriwu ukutsimikizira kuti ndi dud. Koma zoyesayesa izi zochotsa Covid-19 ngati chiwopsezo chotheka potchula matenda ena oopsa, makamaka fuluwenza, ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi nkhawa za coronavirus yomwe ili yoyipa.
Chifukwa chake kufananiza ndi chimfine cha nyengo kukucheperachepera ...
Ndizosamveka kuyerekeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za epicurves awo. Inde, fuluwenza ya nyengo imatenga anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ikupha, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa WHO, mpaka anthu 650,000 pachaka. Covid-19, komabe, ikungoyamba ulendo wake wa miliri. Ndipo mosiyana ndi fuluwenza, tilibe katemera, kapena chitetezo chamagulu kuti tichepetse matenda ndikuteteza anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuyerekezerako kukusokeretsa, matenda onsewa ali a mavairasi, ngakhale a gulu linalake, mavairasi a RNA. Zonse zingayambitse matenda. Zonsezi zimakhudza pakamwa ndi pakhosi komanso nthawi zina mapapo. Onse amapatsirana.
Izi ndi zofananira zachiphamaso zomwe zimasowa gawo lofunikira pakuyerekeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Timadziwa zambiri za mphamvu za chimfine. Tikudziwa zochepa kwambiri za Covid-19. Iwo amira mu zosadziwika. Zowonadi, pali zambiri za Covid-19 zomwe sizikudziwika mpaka kufalikira kutha. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti si nkhani ya Covid-19 motsutsana ndi fuluwenza. Ndi Covid-19 ndi fuluwenza. Kutuluka kwa matenda angapo omwe amatha kukhala mliri, kuwukira anthu mu combos, kuyenera kukhala kodetsa nkhawa.
Mwakhala mukufufuza za miliri ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kwa zaka zingapo. M'buku lanu la "Mafamu Aakulu Amapanga Chimfine Chachikuluยซ mumayesa kulumikizana pakati pa ulimi wa mafakitale, ulimi wa organic ndi miliri ya ma virus. Malingaliro anu ndi otani?
Choopsa chenicheni cha mliri watsopano uliwonse ndikulephera - kapena kuyika bwino - kukana koyenera kumvetsetsa kuti Covid-19 yatsopano sizochitika zokha. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma virus kumayenderana kwambiri ndi kupanga chakudya komanso phindu lamakampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Aliyense amene akufuna kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake ma virus akuchulukirachulukira akuyenera kufufuza zaulimi wamafakitale komanso, makamaka, zoweta. Pakali pano, ndi maboma ochepa, ndi asayansi ochepa okha, omwe ali okonzeka kuchita zimenezi. M'malo mwake.
Kuphulika kwatsopano kukayamba, maboma, atolankhani, ngakhale mabungwe ambiri azachipatala amayang'ana kwambiri zadzidzidzi zilizonse kotero kuti amakana zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zikupangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tosasinthika kukhala anthu otchuka padziko lonse lapansi, wina pambuyo pa mnzake.
Ndani akuyenera kulakwa?
Ndinati ulimi wa mafakitale, koma pali kukula kwakukulu kwa izo. Likulu likutsogolera kulanda malo m'nkhalango zomaliza za nkhalango ndi minda yaing'ono padziko lonse lapansi. Ndalamazi zimayendetsa kudulidwa kwamitengo ndi chitukuko zomwe zimatsogolera ku matenda. Kusiyanasiyana kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi zovuta zomwe madera akuluakuluwa akuyimira akusinthidwa m'njira yoti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene tidalowa m'bokosi timeneti tikulowa m'ziลตeto ndi madera a anthu. Mwachidule, mizinda ikuluikulu, malo onga London, New York, ndi Hong Kong, iyenera kuonedwa ngati malo athu ofala kwambiri ndi matenda.
Ndi matenda ati zomwe zili choncho?
Palibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda topanda malipilo pakadali pano. Ngakhale akutali kwambiri amakhudzidwa, ngati disally. Ebola, Zika, coronaviruses, yellow fever kachiwiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fuluwenza ya avian, ndi African swine fever in hog ndi ena mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timachokera kumadera akutali kupita ku malupu akutali ndi tawuni, madera akuluakulu, ndipo pamapeto pake amakafika kumapiri. Global Travel Network. Kuchokera ku mileme ya zipatso ku Congo mpaka kupha owotcha dzuwa a Miami m'milungu ingapo.
Kodi ntchito yamakampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yotani pochita izi?
Planet Earth makamaka ndi Planet Farm panthawiyi, mu biomass ndi nthaka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Agribusiness ikufuna kusokoneza msika wazakudya. Ntchito ya Neoliberal yomwe yatsala pang'ono kukhazikitsidwa idapangidwa motsatira kuthandizira kwamakampani omwe ali m'maiko otukuka kwambiri kuti abe malo ndi chuma cha mayiko ofooka. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tatsopano timene tinkayangโanizana nazo mโmbuyomo ndi zamoyo za mโnkhalango zomwe zinasanduka kwanthaลตi yaitali zikutuluka mwaufulu, zikuwopseza dziko lonse lapansi.
Kodi njira zopangira mabizinesi aalimi zimakhudza bwanji izi?
Ulimi wotsogozedwa ndi likulu womwe umalowa m'malo mwa chilengedwe chachilengedwe umapereka njira zenizeni zomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingasinthire ma phenotypes omwe ali oopsa kwambiri komanso opatsirana. Simungathe kupanga njira yabwinoko yobereketsa matenda oopsa.
Mwanjira yanji?
Kukula kwa chibadwa cha ziweto zapakhomo kumachotsa chitetezo chilichonse chamoto chomwe chingakhalepo kuti muchepetse kufala. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa anthu ndi kuchulukana kumathandizira kufalikira kwakukulu. Kuchulukana koteroko kumafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Kuchulukirachulukira, gawo lazopanga zilizonse zamafakitale, kumapereka mwayi wowonjezereka wa zinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma virulence asinthe. Mwanjira ina, bizinesi yaulimi imayang'ana kwambiri phindu kotero kuti kusankha kachilombo komwe kapha anthu biliyoni kumawonedwa ngati chiopsezo choyenera.
Chani!?
Makampaniwa atha kungotulutsa ndalama zantchito zawo zowopsa za epidemiologically kwa wina aliyense. Kuyambira pa nyama mpaka ogula, ogwira ntchito m'mafamu, malo am'deralo, ndi maboma m'madera onse. Zowonongeka ndizochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti tikadati tibweze ndalamazo pamasamba amakampani, agribusiness monga tikudziwira kuti zitha kutha. Palibe kampani yomwe ingathe kuthandizira mtengo wa zowonongeka zomwe zimapangitsa.
M'ma TV ambiri akuti koyambira kwa coronavirus kunali "msika wazakudya zachilendo" ku Wuhan. Kodi malongosoledwe amenewa ndi oona?
Inde ndi ayi. Pali zidziwitso zapamalo zomwe zimachirikiza lingalirolo. Kufufuza matenda omwe adalumikizidwa ku msika wa Hunan Wholesale Sea Food ku Wuhan, komwe amagulitsa nyama zakuthengo. Zitsanzo zachilengedwe zikuwoneka kuti zikulozera chakumadzulo kwa msika komwe kunkachitikira nyama zakutchire.
Koma kodi tiyenera kufufuza motalika bwanji? Kodi vutolo linayamba liti kwenikweni? Kuyang'ana kwambiri pamsika kukuphonya komwe kumachokera ulimi wakuthengo kumadera akumidzi komanso kuchuluka kwachuma. Padziko lonse lapansi, komanso ku China, chakudya chakuthengo chikukhazikika ngati gawo lazachuma. Koma ubale wake ndi ulimi wamafakitale ukupitilira kugawana zikwama zomwezo. Pamene kupanga mafakitale - nkhumba, nkhuku, ndi zina zotero-zikukulirakulira mu nkhalango zoyambirira, zimayika chikakamizo kwa ogulitsa zakudya zakuthengo kuti alowe m'nkhalango kuti apeze anthu ambiri, ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe, ndi kutulutsa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuphatikizapo Covid-19. .
Covid-19 si kachilombo koyamba ku China komwe boma lidayesa kubisa.
Inde, koma izi siziri zachilendo zaku China, komabe. Mayiko a US ndi ku Ulaya akhala akuthandizanso matenda a chimfine chatsopano, posachedwapa H5N2 ndi H5Nx, ndipo magulu awo a mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi neocolonial proxies adayambitsa matenda a Ebola ku West Africa ndi Zika ku Brazil. Akuluakulu azaumoyo ku US adaphimba zaulimi panthawi ya H1N1 (2009) ndi H5N2.
Bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) tsopano lalengeza kuti "zadzidzidzi zazaumoyo zapadziko lonse lapansi". Kodi sitepe iyi ndi yolondola?
Inde. Kuopsa kwa tizilombo totere ndikuti akuluakulu azaumoyo alibe chothandizira pa kugawa kwachiwopsezo. Sitikudziwa momwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingayankhire. Tidachoka pakufalikira pamsika kupita ku matenda omwe afalikira padziko lonse lapansi pakatha milungu ingapo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kungoyaka. Zimenezo zingakhale zabwino. Koma sitikudziwa. Kukonzekera bwino kungapangitse mwayi wochepetsa kuthamanga kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kulengeza kwa WHO ndi gawo la zomwe ndimatcha mliri zisudzo. Mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi afa chifukwa chosachitapo kanthu. League of Nations ikubwera m'maganizo. Gulu la mabungwe a UN nthawi zonse lida nkhawa ndi kufunika kwake, mphamvu zake, ndi ndalama zake. Koma kuchitapo kanthu kotereku kumathanso kugwirizana pakukonzekera kwenikweni ndi kupewa zomwe dziko likufunika kuti lisokoneze kufalitsa kwa Covid-19.
Kukonzanso kwa neoliberal kwa kayendetsedwe ka zaumoyo kwasokoneza kafukufuku komanso chisamaliro cha odwala, mwachitsanzo m'zipatala. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani komwe kungapangitse njira yabwinoko yothandizira zaumoyo kuti ithane ndi kachilomboka?
Pali nkhani yoyipa koma yofotokozera ya wogwira ntchito kukampani yachipatala ya Miami yemwe atabwera kuchokera ku China ali ndi zizindikiro zonga chimfine adachita zolungama ndi banja lake komanso anthu ammudzi ndipo adapempha kuti amuyezetse kuchipatala chapafupi ndi Covid-19. Amada nkhawa kuti njira yake yaying'ono ya Obamacare sidzayesa mayeso. Iye anali wolondola. Mwadzidzidzi anali pa mbedza ya US $ 3270. Chofunikira ku America chikhoza kukhala lamulo ladzidzidzi lomwe likunena kuti pakabuka mliri, ndalama zonse zachipatala zokhudzana ndi kuyezetsa matenda komanso kulandira chithandizo pambuyo poyezetsa bwino zilipidwa ndi boma. Tikufuna kulimbikitsa anthu kuti apeze chithandizo, pambuyo pake, m'malo mobisala - ndi kupatsira ena - chifukwa sangakwanitse kulandira chithandizo. Yankho lachidziลตikire ndilo ntchito yaumoyo ya dzikoโyokhala ndi antchito okwanira ndi okonzekeretsedwa kusamalira ngozi zadzidzidzi za anthu ammudzi zoterozoโkotero kuti vuto lopusa ngati lolefula mgwirizano wa anthu silingabwere konse.
Kachilomboka kakangopezeka m'dziko limodzi, maboma kulikonse amachita zinthu mwaulamuliro komanso zilango, monga kutsekereza madera onse a dziko ndi mizinda mokakamizidwa. Kodi kuchitapo kanthu mwamphamvu koteroko n'koyenera?
Kugwiritsa ntchito chipwirikiti kuyesa kuyesa kwaposachedwa kwaposachedwa kwa autocratic pambuyo poti kufalikira kwachiwopsezo chapita patsogolo. Pankhani ya thanzi la anthu, ndingalakwitse kukhulupirirana ndi chifundo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri za miliri. Popanda chilichonse, maulamuliro amataya chithandizo cha anthu. Mgwirizano ndi ulemu wamba ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri poyambitsa mgwirizano womwe timafunikira kuti tipulumuke ziwopsezo zotere limodzi. Kudziika patokha ndi chithandizo choyenera - kulembetsa ndi mabungwe ophunzitsidwa bwino, magalimoto onyamula chakudya kupita khomo ndi khomo, kutulutsidwa kwa ntchito ndi inshuwaransi yosowa ntchito - zitha kupangitsa mgwirizano woterewu, kuti tonse tili limodzi.
Monga mukudziwira, ku Germany ndi AfD tili ndi chipani cha Nazi chomwe chili ndi mipando 94 ku nyumba yamalamulo. Ufulu wolimba wa Nazi ndi magulu ena ogwirizana ndi ndale za AfD amagwiritsa ntchito Corona-Crisis kuti asokonezeke. Amafalitsa malipoti (abodza) okhudza kachilomboka ndipo amafuna kuti boma lichitepo kanthu mwaulamuliro: Letsani maulendo apandege ndi malo olowera osamukira, kutseka kwamalire ndikukakamizidwa kukhala kwaokha ...
Kuletsa kuyenda ndi kutsekedwa kwa malire ndi zofuna zomwe ufulu wachibadwidwe umafuna kusiyanitsa zomwe tsopano ndi matenda apadziko lonse lapansi. Izi, ndithudi, zamkhutu. Pakadali pano, popeza kachilomboka kayamba kale kufalikira kulikonse, chinthu chanzeru kuchita ndikugwira ntchito yolimbikitsa thanzi la anthu zomwe zilibe kanthu kuti ndani ali ndi matenda, tili ndi njira. kuwachiritsa ndi kuwachiritsa. Zoonadi, lekani kuba malo a anthu kunja ndi kuyendetsa exodus poyamba, ndipo tikhoza kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tisayambe kutulukira.
Zosintha zokhazikika ziti?
Pofuna kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa miliri yatsopano ya virus, kupanga chakudya kuyenera kusintha kwambiri. Kudziyimira pawokha kwa alimi komanso gulu lolimba laboma zitha kuletsa zovuta zachilengedwe komanso matenda othawirako. Dziwitsani mitundu ya masheya ndi mbewuโndi kukonzanso mwanzeruโpamafamu ndi m'madera onse. Lolani nyama kuti zizichulukana pamalowa kuti zipereke chitetezo choyesedwa. Lumikizani kupanga kokha ndikuzungulira kokha. Kuthandizira pamitengo ndi mapulogalamu ogula ogula omwe amathandizira kupanga agroecology. Tetezani zoyesererazi ku zokakamizika zomwe chuma cha neoliberal chimayika kwa anthu ndi madera komanso chiwopsezo cha kuponderezedwa kwa boma motsogozedwa ndi likulu.
Kodi socialists ayenera kuyitanitsa chiyani poyang'anizana ndi kuchuluka kwa matenda omwe akufalikira?
Agribusiness ngati njira yobereketsa anthu iyenera kuthetsedwa bwino ngati nkhani yaumoyo wa anthu. Kupanga chakudya chokwera kwambiri kumadalira machitidwe omwe amaika pachiwopsezo cha anthu onse, pamenepa kuthandiza kutulutsa mliri watsopano wakupha. Tiyenera kulamula kuti zakudya zizikhala ndi anthu m'njira yoti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda towopsa kwambiri tipewe kutulukira. Izi zidzafuna kugwirizanitsa kaye zokolola kumadera akumidzi. Izi zidzafuna njira za agroecology zomwe zimateteza chilengedwe komanso alimi pamene akulima chakudya chathu. Chithunzi chachikulu, tiyenera kuchiritsa minyewa ya metabolic yomwe imalekanitsa zachilengedwe zathu ndi chuma chathu. Mwachidule, tili ndi pulaneti kuti tipambane.
Zikomo kwambiri chifukwa cha zokambirana.
(Mafunso adafunsidwa ndi Yaak Pabst.)
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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