Mexico ndi Central America zikuwoneka ngati zakutidwa ndi magazi owuma pamapu omwe akuwonetsa momwe nthaka idzakhalire m'nthaka.
Zotsatira zochokera ku mitundu 19 ya nyengo zosiyanasiyana zikuonetsa kuti mikhalidwe yanyengo yadzaoneni ikupitirirabe (chilala chakuda chakuda pamapu) pafupifupi ku Mexico, chakumadzulo kwa United States ndi ku Central America.
Ngati kusintha kwanyengo kukukankhira kutentha kwapadziko lonse kufika pa 2.5 digiri Celsius kuposa momwe akatswiri ambiri amayembekezera, maderawa adzakhala ndi chilala choopsa komanso chosatha.
M'tsogolomu akuyerekezeredwa kukhala woipitsitsa kuposa chilala chamakono cha Mexico kapena nyengo ya U.S. Dust Bowl ya m'ma 1930 yomwe inakakamiza anthu masauzande ambiri kusamuka.
Izi ndi zina mwa mfundo za kafukufukuyu "Zolinga za Chilala M'tsogolomu ku Continental United States ndi Mexico", yomwe inasindikizidwa mu December 2011 magazini ya American Meteorological Society's Journal of Hydrometeorology ndipo yapita mosadziwika bwino.
"Chilala chidzakhalapo mosasamala kanthu kuti mvula idzakhala yotani m'tsogolomu," anatero wolemba mnzake Michael Wehner, katswiri wa zanyengo pa Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, malo ofufuza a boma la U.S. ku California.
"Ngakhale m'madera omwe mvula imachuluka, dothi lidzauma kwambiri. Izi ndizopeza zolimba kwambiri," Wehner anauza Tierramรฉrica.
Popanda kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kwa mpweya wochokera pakuwotchedwa kwa mafuta, kutentha kwa dziko kudzakwera kufika madigiri 2.5 a kutentha pakati pa 2050 ndi 2090, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, kukhudzidwa kwa nyengo ndi mayankho.
Mitundu 19 yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu ikuwonetsa kuti kutentha kowonjezereka kumawumitsa dothi kuposa momwe mvula yowonjezera ingabwezeretsere chinyezi chanthaka. Kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya kumapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale nthunzi, kuumitsa dothi.
Kusintha kwanyengo kumapangitsanso kuti mvula iyambe kugwa, kotero kuti mvula yambiri imachitika m'miyezi yozizira. Ndipo zitha kuchitika ngati mvula yamphamvu kwambiri pakanthawi kochepa, adatero Wehner.
Pamene nthaka yauma, mphamvu ya dzuwa imayamba kuphika nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kuwonjezere, monga Beverly Law, wofufuza za kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse ku yunivesite ya Oregon State, anauza Tierramerica pa gawo la 16 la Msonkhano wa Maphwando. ku msonkhano wa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, womwe unachitikira ku Cancรบn mu 2010.
Madera akuluakulu a kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo madera akuluakulu a Australia, Africa ndi South America, akhala akuwuma m'zaka khumi zapitazi, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Law ndi anzake, "Kusintha kwa Nyengo: Madzi Omwe Amauma", lofalitsidwa m'magazini. Nature mu 2010.
Kafukufuku wina wa 2010 mu Natural, "Chilala Pansi pa Kutentha Padziko Lonse: Ndemanga", adafufuza momwe nyengo ikuyendera m'tsogolomu ndipo anapeza kuti dothi lapakati pa United States, Mexico ndi Central America lidzauma kwambiri pofika chaka cha 2060, koma kuyambira kale kwambiri.
Kafukufukuyu wa Aiguo Dai, wasayansi ku National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) mโboma la U.S. ku Colorado, ananenanso kuti kumpoto chakumโmawa kwa South America kudzakhalanso ndi chilala chofananacho.
"Ngati zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa mu kafukufukuyu zifika pafupi kuti zitheke, zotsatira zake padziko lonse lapansi zidzakhala zazikulu," adatero Dai mu 2010.
Malinga ndi Wehner, zongoyerekeza zaposachedwa kwambiri zamitundu yatsopano yamakompyuta zomwe sizinasindikizidwe zikuwonetsanso zotsatira zofanana kwambiri. "Osachepera tikuyang'ana zachilala choopsa mtsogolomu."
Wehner adati adadabwa kuti kafukufukuyu adalandira chidwi chochepa kwambiri pawailesi yakanema, chifukwa chazovuta zamtsogolo.
Zomwe izi zikutanthawuza kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo ndi "nkhani yovuta kwambiri kuti ndilankhule" payekha payekha, Wehner adavomereza.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali kafukufuku wochepa wa momwe mikhalidwe yowumayi idzakhudzire ulimi, kupezeka kwa madzi ndi kukhazikika kwa anthu.
Ndakhala ndikuyesetsa kugwira ntchito ndi akatswiri a zaulimi ndi akatswiri ena kuti ndidziwe, koma ndikuvutika kupeza ndalama,โ adatero.
"Ndizovuta kulingalira zotsatira zake m'tsogolomu," akutero a Lester Brown, katswiri wa zaulimi padziko lonse, wolemba komanso woyambitsa bungwe la Earth Policy Institute ku Washington, D.C. "Tatsala pang'ono kufika," a Brown adauza Tierramรฉrica.
Chilala chomwe chilipo pano ku Mexico ndi choipitsitsa m'zaka 70. Chaka chatha, chigawo chakum'mwera kwa United States cha Texas chinavutika ndi chilala choopsa kwambiri, ndipo chaka chino, 56 peresenti ya United States inali m'mikhalidwe yachilala kuyambira pa May 8, pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri derali poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha panthawiyi, malinga ndi deta yochokera ku United States. U.S. Drought Monitor.
โAlimi padziko lonse lapansi akuvutika kuti apeze chakudya chokwanira,โ anatsindika motero Brown.
Mitengo yambewu padziko lonse lapansi yawonjezeka kuwirikiza kawiri, monganso mitengo. Kuperewera kwa madzi, nyengo yoopsa komanso kutentha kwambiri zili ndi zotsatirapo pakali pano, adatero.
"Njira yathu yonse yaulimi ikugwirizana ndi nyengo yokhazikika yomwe takhala nayo zaka zikwi zingapo zapitazi. Ndipo izi zikusintha, "adawonjezera. "Ulimi ndi nyengo sizikuyenda bwino."
Izi zapangitsa kuti pakhale mpikisano waukulu wofuna malo ndi madzi. Koma kulanda minda ndi njira yoyipa kwambiri yothetsera mavutowa, adatero.
Ongoyerekeza, mabanki osungira ndalama, ndalama za penshoni ndi mabungwe aboma atenga malo okwana mahekitala 200 miliyoni kuchokera kwa alimi osauka a ku Africa, Latin America ndi Asia m'zaka zaposachedwa. Anthu amderali akamalephera kupeza malo ndi madzi, amakhala osimidwa kwambiri ndipo zimayambitsa ziwawa, anachenjeza a Brown.
"Tiyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi. Sitingathe kuthana ndi zovuta zamtsogolo izi dziko lililonse likudziyang'anira lokha."
Wolembayo ndi mtolankhani wa IPS. Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa koyambirira ndi manyuzipepala aku Latin America omwe ali gawo la network ya Tierramรฉrica. Tierramรฉrica ndi ntchito yapadera yofalitsa nkhani yopangidwa ndi IPS mothandizidwa ndi United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Environment Programme ndi World Bank.
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