Asiyireni anthu omasuka kuti aike ziyembekezo zawo pazinthu zosamvetseka. Makamaka, adawoneka kuti apeza chitonthozo cha pambuyo pa Trump kuphatikiza kwachilendo kwa kafukufuku wazaka ziwiri wa Mueller komanso kuweruza kwabwino kwa ena omwe adasankhidwa ndi Trump, mwambi wakuti "akuluakulu m'chipindamo.โ Mukukumbukira gulu lija? Nthawi ina inaphatikizapo Mlembi wa boma Rex Tillerson, wamkulu wakale wa ExxonMobil, ndi akuluakulu atatu omwe adapuma pantchito komanso opuma pantchito - kotero kuti anthu wamba azilamulira asilikali - kuphatikizapo Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis, National Security Advisor HR McMaster, ndi White House Chief of the White House. Wogwira ntchito John Kelly. Mpaka mwadzidzidzi kusiya ntchito, Mattis anali (pafupifupi) munthu womaliza kuyimirira. Komabe, kwa miyezi yonseyi, aku America ambiri adawawerengera onse koma kupulumutsa dzikolo kwa purezidenti wosayembekezereka. Iwo ndi amene ankati ndi amene anali ndi udindo wotsogolera (kapena mwina kusokoneza) sitima yapamadzi yopulumukira ikafika pankhani ya chitetezo chakunja ndi dziko.
Zoipa kwambiri zonse zinali zongopeka. Pamene a Donald Trump akumaliza chaka chake chachiwiri mu Oval Office, ngakhale asuntha mwadzidzidzi ku Syria ndi Afghanistan, United States idakali yokhazikika m'magulu ankhondo m'madera ambiri. dziko. Choyipa kwambiri, zomwe akuluakuluwo adatsogolera Purezidenti anali kuphulitsa bomba, kukhazikitsidwa kwa maziko ochulukirapo, komanso ndalama zochulukirapo za Pentagon. Ndipo ichi chinali chinthu chosamvetseka: nthawi zonse The Donald tweeted negative za nkhondo zonsezo kapena adalankhula mawu otsutsana ndi dziko lankhondo kapena Pentagon bajeti, triumvirate ya akuluakulu ankhondo ndi Rex wabwino wakale anapita kukagwira ntchito kumuwongolera kuti abwerere ku njira yovala bwino ya nkhondo zamuyaya za Bush-Obama.
Panthawi yonseyi, anthu ambiri otengeka ndi kusokonezedwa ndi zochitika za pulezidenti wolanda makamera zinkawoneka kuti sakudziwa kuti dziko lino likupitirizabe kukhala mu nkhondo yosatha. Ndipo nali gawo lochititsa chidwi kwambiri mwa onse: Trump sanasankhidwe pagulu lankhondo lolowererapo. Zedi, adaponya mapiko a hawkish ku Republican maziko ake ochepa mafupa: kubweretsanso kukwera kwamadzi komanso ngakhale "zoipaโ mazunzo, kubomba mabomba "zoyipa" kuchokera ku ISIS, ndikudzaza Guantรกnamo ndi "ena oipa.โ Komabe, ndi mfundo zakunja ndi nkhani yapansi panthaka yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri ku "Make America Great Again," othandizira ambiri a Trump amawoneka kuti alibe vuto la nkhondo yosatha ku Greater Middle East - ndipo a Donald adadziwa.
Kuganiza Bwino pa Njira ya Campaign
Ngakhale amalankhula zamwano komanso malingaliro okayikitsa, ofuna kusankhidwa a Trump akuwoneka kuti akulonjeza china chatsopano mu mfundo zakunja. Kwa mbiri yake, iye wotchedwa Nkhondo ya Iraq ya 2003 "chisankho chimodzi choyipa kwambiri chomwe chidapangidwapo" (ngakhale chake kusuntha udindo pa kuwukiridwako unalembedwa bwino). Iye mobwerezabwereza tweeted kutsutsa kwake koopsa kuti apitirize nkhondo ku Afghanistan komanso nthawi zonse analimbikitsa Purezidenti Obama kuti asachoke ku Syria. Ndipo chochititsa mantha kwa omasula atsopano a Cold War, ngakhale adanena kukumana ndi Russia.
Monga zina zambiri mu kampeni yake, palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chidachokera ku mbiri yazandale zanthawi yayitali ya 2016. Zowonadi, a Donald Trump analibe chidziwitso chofunikira komanso mgwirizano wamaganizidwe omwe nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati ovomerezeka kwa ofuna kusankha, koma nthawi ndi nthawi adachita - tiyeni tivomereze - kupereka malingaliro atsopano pazandale zakunja. Ngakhale kuti ndi mwano zomwe zingamveke, pazinthu zina zapadziko lonse mnyamatayo anali ndi mfundo poyerekeza Hillary, chimbalangondo.
Pa nthawi ya utsogoleri wake, zizindikiro za nzeru zake zapadziko lapansi zinkawonekerabe nthawi ndi nthawi. Mu Ogasiti 2017, mwachitsanzo, polengeza za kukwera kwina kwa nkhondo ya Afghanistan, adamva kuti akuyenera kuvomereza kuti chibadwa choyambirira amayenera "kutuluka", ndikuwonjezera kuti amamverabe chisoni anthu aku America omwe "adatopa ndi nkhondo." Ankamveka ngati munthu wopanda chidaliro cha njira yake yosankha - kapena yosankhidwa ndi "akuluakulu" ake. Kenako, sabata yatha, adadabwitsa bungwe lonse la Washington lomwe limakhala ngati wamba polengeza kuti asitikali aku US achotsedwa ku Syria. Kaya adzisintha yekha, monga momwe amachitira, sizikudziwikabe, koma apa panali mawonekedwe ake odana ndi kulowererapo.
Nanga, tingafotokoze bwanji momwe munthu wowoneka ngati wodalirika adasinthira kukhala purezidenti wokayikakayika - mpaka pomwe adalemba zosankha kukoka asitikali kumadera ena a Greater Middle East - makamaka pankhani zankhondo ndi mtendere? Chifukwa chiyani pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zija zogwadira mfundo zakunja zakunja zomwe zidasokoneza zaka za Bush-Obama, chinthu chomwe amatsutsana nacho?
Chabwino, kanizani pa akulu omwe ali m'chipindamo, makamaka akuluakulu atatu. Monga akuluakulu apakati komanso akuluakulu, iwo anali atadula mano pankhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga. Izo ndi izo zokha zinatanthawuza ntchito zawo, miyoyo yawo, ndi motero maganizo awo. Kale Donald Trump asanabwere, iwo ndi akuluakulu a anzawo anali atagwidwa kale ndi buku lamasewera lankhondo lomwe linapita ndi nkhondoyo ndipo linadzafotokozera malingaliro a mbadwo wawo. Umo ndi momwe mumaganizira, makamaka, ngati mukufuna kukwera pamasanjidwe.
Akuluakulu sanali, makamaka, andale. Apanso, ngakhalenso buku lamasewera lankhondo lomwe amatsatira. Onse a Hillary Clinton ndi Jeb Bush anali akugulitsa mafuta a njoka chimodzimodzi mu 2016. Trump yekha - komanso pamlingo wina Bernie Sanders - adapereka njira yeniyeni yeniyeni. Komabe, olamulira a Trump adalimbikitsanso mfundo yomweyi ya nkhondo yosatha kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri zathunthu ndipo akulu m'chipindamo ndi omwe adapanga izi. Chiwonetsero A chinali Greater Middle East.
Yemweyo Old Playbook
Ngakhale George W. Bush ankakonda njira "yachikulu" yosintha maulamuliro, kukhala ndi asilikali ambiri, komanso kumanga dziko lankhondo, Barack Obama ankakonda kumenyedwa kwa drone, kuwonjezeka kwa uphungu wa asilikali, ndipo - ku Libya - pang'ono. kusintha kwadongosolo. M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za Trump, asitikali aku US adawoneka kuti aphatikiza njira zotayika za apurezidenti onsewa.
Ngati chibadwa cha Trump chinali kulumpha nkhondo zamtsogolo za Iraq, "kutuluka" ku Afghanistan, ndikupewa mikangano yachigawo ndi Russia, alangizi ake akuluakulu adamukankhira mbali ina. M'malo mwake adasankha zomwe zitha kutchedwa Zambiri strategy: zambiri kubomba mabomba, Zambiri asilikali, Zambiri drone akugunda, ndalama zambiri zachitetezo, alangizi ambiri, chilichonse. Ndipo ngati nkhondo ikuwoneka kuti ikulephera, yankho lidabwera molunjika kuchokera m'buku lamasewera lomwe, monga ku Afghanistan mu 2017: "kuthamanga" komanso kufunikira kwa nthawi yochulukirapo. Zotsatira zake, nkhondo yayitali kwambiri yaku America idakula motalikirapo popanda mathero ang'onoang'ono.
Poganizira zimenezi, nโzosamvetseka kukumbukira kuti akuluakulu amene anali mโchipindamo, nthawi ina ankadziwika kuti anali oganiza bwino. Mlembi Mattis poyambilira adatamandidwa ngati wowerenga wachangu komanso wophunzira wodzipereka wa mbiri yankhondo kuti adatchedwa "wankhondo monke.โ HR McMaster adayamikiridwanso chifukwa cholemba buku zovuta ya njira yaku US ku Vietnam (ngakhale Zolakwika m'mawu ake). Ma Democrat ndi ma Republican ku Washington nawonso anali otsimikiza kuti ngati aliyense angathe bweretsa dongosolo kwa oyang'anira a Trump, atha kukhala a John Kelly wodalirika.
Tiyeni tionenso malangizo omwe akatswiriwa adapereka kwa purezidenti m'zaka zake ziwiri zoyambirira paudindo komanso zotsatira zake ku Greater Middle East, kuyambira ndi chikhumbo chapulezidenti chofuna kuchoka ku Iraq. Simungadabwe kumva kuti asitikali aku US akadali omangidwa pamenepo pankhondo yolimbana ndi zomwe zachitika mwadzidzidzi. kukula ISIS insurgency (tsopano kuti "caliphate" yake palibenso). Komanso Washington sinachitepo kanthu kuti ilimbikitse kuvomerezeka kwa boma la Baghdad lolamulidwa ndi Shia, zomwe zikuwonetsa zigawenga zamtundu wina (kapena zamtundu) za Sunni komanso kudzipatula kwa Kurd.
Ku Syria, m'malo mochepetsa ntchito yankhondo yaku US potengera zomwe a Trump akufuna kuti achite ndi Russia ndi ake. funsani kuti asitikali atuluke โmonga posachedwa,โ utsogoleri wake sunakhazikike. Idasankha kupita ndi kulanda kwa America kosatha kum'mawa kwa Syria, kuphatikiza mpaka 4,000 makamaka magulu apadera a Special Operations omwe amathandizira zigawenga zambiri zaku Kurd kumeneko. M'malo mwake, posachedwapa a Mattis ndi "akuluakulu a chitetezo cha dziko" akuti adayesetsa kuyankhulana ndi purezidenti posachedwa pazomwe adalemba posachedwa kuti athetse udindo waku America ku Syria ndikuchotsa asitikali ankhondo mdzikolo monga, zikuwoneka, zikuchitika tsopano. Mwa ichi, iye akufuna kuti apewe zomwe zikuchitika chiopsezo za nkhondo ndi Russia ndi NATO ally Turkey, osanenapo Iran. Anthu aku Turkey akupitilizabe kuwopseza kuti alanda dera lakumpoto la Syria lomwe likulamulidwa ndi a Kurds omwe amathandizidwa ndi US, pomwe asitikali aku Russia anali, mochititsa mantha, kusinthana moto ndi asitikali aku US kangapo m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Euphrates. Ntchito yaku Syria inali pachiwopsezo ndipo palibe mphotho, koma akulu m'chipindamo adapitilizabe kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti atsimikizire Purezidenti kuti tulukani zitha kupanga "malo otetezeka" atsopano osati a ISIS okha komanso aku Iran.
Ku Afghanistan, "lingaliro" lililonse la Trump lingakhale, pambuyo pake misonkhano yambiri ndi โnduna ndi akazembeโ ake, kapena amene anawatcha โakatswiri,โ pulezidenti anaganiza zongowonjezereka, kuwonjezereka kwapangโonopangโono pankhondo imene inali ndi zaka 17 panthawiyo. Kuti izi zitheke, adapereka zisankho zochulukirapo kwa akuluakulu ankhondo omwe sanachite bwino zaka zam'mbuyomu ndipo adalamula kuti achotsedwe. mbiri kuchuluka kwa bomba, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwa zida zazikulu zomwe sizinali za nyukiliya mu zida zankhondo za Air Force, zomwe zimatchedwa Mayi wa Mabomba onse. Zotsatira zake zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zolimbikitsa. Zowonadi, US ndi ogwirizana nawo aku Afghanistan akhoza kukhala mutu kugonjetsedwa kwenikweni kwankhondo, monga momwe a Taliban amawongolera kapena kupikisana ndi zigawo zambiri kuposa kale, pomwe ovulala aboma la Afghanistan akhala, m'mawu a mkulu wankhondo waku America, "osakhazikika. "
Tsopano, podzudzula akatswiri ndi akulu omwe, pulezidenti adzatero kuchotsa theka la asitikali aku US ku Afghanistan. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za nkhondo yopanda phindu, chosankha chanzeru chimenechi chinadzuka mwamsanga Alamu pakati pa hawks ku Congress ndi ena onse a Washington National Security Organisation. Lingaliro limenelo, kuphatikiza kukoka pulagi pa opareshoni yaku Syria, mwachiwonekere idakhala mzere wofiira kwa wamkulu womaliza yemwe adayimilira ndipo Jim Mattis nthawi yomweyo. anasiya potsutsa. Kwa mlembi wotuluka wa chitetezo, zikuwoneka kuti kuphatikizidwa mumilandu yankhondo yaku Saudi ku Yemen komanso kupha Washington Post wolemba nkhani komanso nzika yaku Saudi Jamal Khashoggi anali kudutsa zochitika. Kufunitsitsa kwa a Trump kuyesa kuthetsa udindo waku America pamikangano iwiri yolephera, yokayikitsa yazamalamulo, komabe, idakhala yosokoneza wamkulu.
Kwina konse, gulu la a Trump layandikira kwambiri ndondomeko yosintha maboma ku Iran, makamaka pambuyo poti Tillerson ndi McMaster adalowa m'malo mwa McMaster. Iranophobia awiri a Mike Pompeo ndi John Bolton ngati mlembi wa boma ndi mlangizi wa chitetezo cha dziko. Komabe, musaimbe mlandu tsoka lililonse laku Iran lomwe likubwera pa iwo. Washington idasiya mgwirizano wanyukiliya womwe a Obama adakambirana ndi dzikolo asanabwere pamalopo. Ngakhale kuti akuluakulu sakanatha kumenya nkhondo ndi Iran monga Bolton ndi Pompeo, sakanatha kukhala odekha kwa mphindi imodzi.
Ndipo, zowona, akulu onse omwe anali mchipindamo adathandizira US zovuta m'mabomba achigawenga motsogozedwa ndi Saudi ndi njala ku Yemen, dziko losauka kwambiri lachiarabu. Iwo adakondanso ubale wokhazikika ndi Saudi Arabia ndi kalonga wake wochulukirachulukira, Mohammed bin Salman. Zowonadi, ngakhale kuphedwa kwaposachedwa ndi kudulidwa kwa Washington Post wolemba nkhani ndi nzika ya Saudi Jamal Khashoggi mu ofesi ya kazembe wa dzikolo ku Istanbul, Turkey, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa Senate ndi nkhondo ku Yemen, Mattis anakhalabe wothandizira mawu a Saudis. Pamaso pa Senate posachedwa adavota kuti akoke thandizo lankhondo la US kunkhondo yaku Saudi, adalumikizana ndi Pompeo akulimbikitsa chipindacho kuti asasiye Riyadh. Kuphatikiza apo, maseneta ofunikira adatcha umboni wa Mattis ".kusokeretsaโ chifukwa โadanyozaโ udindo wa kalonga waku Saudi pakupha, kunyalanyaza mapeto a CIA kuti kalonga analidi "wogwirizana" mmenemo.
Chifukwa chake zikafika pakuganizira zakunja kwa Middle East pafupifupi zaka ziwiri mu nthawi yoyamba ya purezidenti, US idakhazikikabe pamndandanda wankhondo zomwe zili mkati mwa bokosi komanso nkhondo zosagonjetseka kudera lonselo. Trump, komabe, akuwoneka kuti ali wokonzeka kusintha, makamaka ku Syria ndi Afghanistan, mwina chifukwa chokhumudwa ndi chisokonezo chomwe anthu akuluakulu adamusiya nacho.
Pulaneti Lankhondo
Kwina konse, zinthu sizili zolimbikitsa kwambiri. Padziko lonse, akuluakulu sananyalanyaze mfundo zochititsa chidwi za pulezidenti, kapenanso kudzichepetsa komanso kudzichepetsa. Zotsatira zake, pamene dziko likulowa mu 2019, ndi dziko lankhondo lomwe likuchulukirachulukira. Ndi Mattis omwe National Defense Strategy (NDS), yomwe idatulutsidwa mu Januware 2018, ikuyimira zopereka zowonekera kumakampani opanga zida zapakhomo, poganizira momwe zikuchitira dziko kwamuyaya pamphepete mwa nkhondo ya Great Power.
Padziko lapansi la akulu, US iyenera kukonzekera zowopseza kudutsa inchi iliyonse square wa dziko lapansi. Kutali ndi kutsika kwankhondo komwe kunanenedwa ndi woyimira Trump (ndipo adanenanso mu a Tsamba laposachedwapa wake), Mattis "2-2-1 mfundo" ili ndi Pentagon yokonzekera ndewu zomwe zingatheke ndi adani "akuluakulu" awiri (China ndi Russia), otsutsa awiri "wapakati" (Iran ndi North Korea), ndi vuto limodzi "lokhazikika" (mikangano ndi uchigawenga kudutsa Greater Middle East) . Ochepa adafunsa ngati njira yotereyi ndi yokhazikika, ngakhale ndi bajeti yankhondo yomwe imakhala yochepa kuposa mphamvu ina iliyonse padziko lapansi.
M'malo mwake, kukhazikitsidwa kwa masomphenya a NDS kukutsogola momveka bwino ku mpikisano wa zida zatsopano komanso kufalikira Cold War 2.0. Washington yayamba kale kuchitapo kanthu nkhondo yamalonda ndi Beijing ndipo ali analengeza akukonzekera kutulutsa kiyi Cold War pangano la nyukiliya ndi Russia, pamene akupanga gulu latsopano la pangano-busting wapakatikati osiyanasiyana mivi ya nyukiliya palokha. Komanso, pa kuumirira mwa alangizi ake ankhondo, Purezidenti wavomereza kuti athandizire nthawi ya Obama "zamakono"Programme ya zida zanyukiliya yaku US tsopano ikuyenera kuwononga ndalama zosachepera $1.6 trillion m'zaka makumi atatu zikubwerazi.
Zochuluka kwambiri kwa a Republican kulimbikira pamabajeti oyenera ndikuchepetsa zoperewera. Kuphatikiza apo, kukana kusintha kwanyengo kumakhalabe dzina lamasewera muulamuliro wa Trump ndipo, pankhani iyi imodzi, akuluakulu omwe ali m'chipindamo sangachite chilichonse. Ngakhale kale Pentagon malipoti zomwe zidatsimikizira kuti kusintha kwanyengo kopangidwa ndi anthu kukuwonetsa chiwopsezo chachitetezo cha dziko, boma la Trump latero sanyalanyazidwa zonena zotere. Idaumiriranso m'malo mwa mawu oti "nyengo yoopsa" kutanthauza "kusintha kwanyengo" m'malipoti apano achitetezo. Pano, akuluakulu amadziwa bwino - asilikali akhalapo kalekale lolunjika za kuopsa kwa kusintha kwa nyengo - koma alephera kwambiri kukhumudwitsa pulezidenti wotsutsa sayansi.
Kotero, pamene 2018 ikufika kumapeto, chifukwa cha maonekedwe a anthu akuluakulu komanso kudalirika kwa malingaliro a Trump (kupatulapo pankhani ya kusintha kwa nyengo), Washington's. ufumu wa mabango, nkhondo yake yosatha yolimbana ndi zigawenga, komanso ndalama zimene amawonongera pagulu la asilikali ndi mafakitale zinali zolimba kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Zidzagwera kwa purezidenti - ngati alidi wotsimikiza pankhani ya kusintha kwa maphunziro - kuti ayambe ntchito yayitali (modzichepetsa) yothetsa dziko lankhondo.
Wamkulu Wotsiriza?
Kuyang'ana ku 2019 m'dziko lomwe lili m'mphepete, nawa malingaliro angapo pa tsogolo lathu. Yembekezerani kuti lipoti lamtsogolo la Robert Mueller lipeza zinthu zambiri zoti muyang'ane, kuphatikizapo kugwirizana kochuluka ndi akazi, koma - zilizonse zomwe anthu aku Russia adachita komanso zokhumba za omwe ali pafupi ndi Trump - palibe mgwirizano weniweni. katundu ndi Moscow mu chisankho cha 2016. Izi mosakayikira zidzaphwanya mitima ya anthu omasuka kulikonse ndikuonetsetsa - ngakhale kuyesetsa kwatsopano kwa Democratic House - mawu a Trump (kapena awiri!). Kuphatikiza apo, zilizonse zomwe ma Democrats a "blue-wave" angachitire kunyumba, sangathe kuwonetsa masomphenya ogwirizana akunja. M'malo mwake, konzekerani kuwawonera akusiya gawolo (monga nthawi zonse) kwa a Trump ndi aku Republican. Pakadali pano, mpaka 2021, apitilizabe kulira chifukwa cha kusowa kwa "akuluakulu m'chipindamo" komanso kuthekera kwawo kosunga malamulo olemekezeka akunja, zomwe, zikadatanthauza nkhondo mpaka kubanki.
Mwina ndi nthawi yoti muyambe kuganiza za akuluakuluwo ngati zida (ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira antchito amtsogolo) a gulu lankhondo lankhondo-mafakitale-lomwe limadyetsa anthu aku America nkhondo zambiri zosatha, chaka ndi chaka, zaka khumi pambuyo pa zaka khumi. Zowonadi, m'zaka za zana lino apurezidenti asintha koma mfundo zolephera sizinasinthe.
Itchuleni kuti dziko lakuya, dambo, kapena chilichonse chomwe mungafune, koma chofunikira kwambiri: pazaka ziwiri zoyambirira za Trump paudindo, panalibe, mpaka pano, kulingaliranso kwakukulu kwa mfundo zakunja zaku America ndi zankhondo, osati pankhani yamtendere. . Akuluakulu oyambirira a Trump m'chipindamo adayika tebulo la nkhondo yosatha. Zosintha zawo mwachiwonekere zimafuna kudya zakudya zambiri zomwezo. Musalakwitse, zikadakhala kwa akuluakuluwa, United States ikadakhala ikulira mu Chaka Chatsopano ndi gulu lina lazankhondo. Zingakhalebe.
Ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti ndili pamalo osungulumwa pamene 2018 ikutha. Ndakhala ndikutumikira m'gulu lankhondo la US panthawiyi, ndikutsutsa mfundo zachilendo zomwe zilipo. Atakhala zaka 18 mu yunifolomu, kuphatikizapo maulendo a ntchito onse Nkhondo za Afghan ndi Iraq, ndikuwona akuluakulu ambiri opuma pantchito ndi opanga mfundo omwe amayang'anira omenyera nkhondo omwewo (olephera) malingaliro wamba, ndikhululukireni chifukwa chodzifunsa, nthawi ndi nthawi, ngati sindinali wamkulu womaliza chipinda.
Danny Sjursen, a TomDispatch zonse, ndi wamkulu wa Asitikali aku US komanso mlangizi wakale wa mbiri yakale ku West Point. Anatumikira maulendo ndi mayunitsi odziwitsa anthu ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan. Walemba Ghost Riders of Baghdad: Asilikali, Anthu Wamba, ndi Nthano ya Opaleshoni. Amakhala ndi mkazi wake komanso ana ake aamuna anayi ku Lawrence, Kansas. Tsatirani iye pa Twitter pa @SkepticalVet ndikuwona podcast yake "Linga paphiri,โ adachita nawo limodzi ndi katswiri wazachipatala Chris Henriksen.
[Zindikirani: Malingaliro omwe afotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi ndi a mlembi, omwe afotokozedwa mosadziwika bwino, ndipo sakuwonetsa ndondomeko kapena udindo wa Dipatimenti ya Asilikali, Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo, kapena boma la US.]
Nkhaniyi idawonekera koyamba pa TomDispatch.com, tsamba lawebusayiti la Nation Institute, lomwe limapereka kusuntha kwazinthu zina, nkhani, ndi malingaliro kuchokera kwa Tom Engelhardt, mkonzi wanthawi yayitali pakusindikiza, woyambitsa nawo American Empire Project, wolemba Mapeto a Chikhalidwe Chogonjetsa, monga za novel, Masiku Otsiriza a Kusindikiza. Buku lake laposachedwa ndi Mtundu Wopanda Nkhondo (Mabuku a Haymarket).
Chonde Thandizani ZNet ndi Z Magazine
Chifukwa cha zovuta zamapulogalamu athu zomwe tangotha โโkuzikonza tsopano, patha chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene tinasonkhanitsa ndalama zomaliza. Zotsatira zake, tikufunika thandizo lanu kuposa kale kuti tipitilize kubweretsa zina zomwe mwakhala mukuyang'ana kwa zaka 30.
Z imapereka nkhani zothandiza kwambiri zomwe tingathe, koma poweruza zomwe zili zothandiza, mosiyana ndi magwero ena ambiri timagogomezera masomphenya, malingaliro, ndi kufunikira kwa omenyera ufulu. Tikamalankhula ndi Trump, mwachitsanzo, ndikupeza njira zopitilira Trump, osati kungobwereza, mobwerezabwereza, momwe alili woyipa. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi kuthana ndi kutentha kwa dziko, umphawi, kusalingana, kusankhana mitundu, kusankhana mitundu, ndi kupanga nkhondo. Cholinga chathu nthawi zonse ndi chakuti zomwe timapereka zimakhala ndi kuthekera kothandizira kudziwa zoyenera kuchita, komanso momwe tingachitire bwino.
Pokonza zovuta zathu zamapulogalamu, tasintha makina athu kuti akhale okhazikika komanso opereka zopereka mosavuta. Zakhala nthawi yayitali koma tikukhulupirira kuti zipangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti aliyense atithandize kukula. Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse, chonde tidziwitseni nthawi yomweyo. Timafunikira kuyikapo pamavuto aliwonse kuti titsimikizire kuti makinawo apitilize kukhala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa aliyense.
Njira yabwino yothandizira, komabe, ndiyo kukhala wothandizira mwezi uliwonse kapena pachaka. Othandizira amatha kuyankha, kutumiza mabulogu, ndikulandila ndemanga yausiku ndi imelo yolunjika.
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