"Mapu" oti athetse mkangano wa Israeli-Palestine, mutu wa zokambirana zaposachedwa za Secretary of State Colin Powell ku Middle East, sizingafike kumapeto kwa gawo lake loyamba. Mpaka pano, Prime Minister waku Israeli Ariel Sharon sanavomereze zomwe zidapangidwa ndi Quartet ya US, UN, European Union ndi Russia. Maulendo a Powell pa Meyi 11 ndi Sharon ndi Prime Minister waku Palestine a Mahmoud Abbas sanachitepo kanthu - zotsatira zake zidatsatiridwa ndi Sharon kuthamangitsa anthu kuti akhazikitse bata komanso alangizi omwe ali pafupi ndi Abbas akuti anthu aku Palestine sadzachitapo kanthu polimbana ndi zigawenga mpaka Sharon avomereze. map msewu. M'mizinda ya Arabu, Powell adagwirizana ndi maboma kuti athandize utsogoleri wa Palestina polimbana ndi magulu a zigawenga, koma adakumana ndi kusakhulupirira kuti Israeli idalephera kuvomereza zolemba za Quartet.
Ngakhale kufotokozedwa kwakukulu kwa mapu amisewu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi malingaliro akuti ndi njira yokhayo yomwe ili patebulo ndipo motero ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wopeza mtendere wa Israeli ndi Palestina, malipoti a sabata yatha apereka chidwi chachikulu pakubwera kwaukazembe komanso Zomwe akuluakulu aku US komanso momwe Israeli adayimitsira kukhazikitsidwa kwakhazikitsidwa mu gawo loyamba la chikalatacho. Koma kuyang'ana pang'ono pa gawo loyamba la mapu amaphonya zolakwika zamapangidwe zomwe zingasokoneze ntchitoyo ngakhale itatha kuyesa kuipha idakali yakhanda.
Mapu amsewu sapereka njira yatsopano yopita patsogolo, koma amangokonzanso zolakwika zambiri zomwe zidapangitsa kuti "ndondomeko yamtendere" ya Oslo ya m'ma 1990 isalephereke. Otsutsa ambiri akhala akutsutsa kuyambira pa mgwirizano wa 1993 Oslo kuti ndondomeko ya Oslo sinali ndondomeko yamtendere, koma ndondomeko yokhazikitsa dziko la Israeli. Posamutsa mphamvu zochepa ku Ulamuliro wa Palestine womwe wangokhazikitsidwa kumene, gulu lankhondo la Israeli litha kubwezanso kunja kwa malo okhala anthu aku Palestina, kutsitsa chiwopsezo kwa asitikali ake pomwe akusungabe ntchitoyo kudzera m'malo ochezera komanso kutseka kwakanthawi. Kukhazikitsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa Oslo kudayimitsa kukambirana zazovuta zapakati - malire, malo okhala, Yerusalemu, othawa kwawo - mpaka kumapeto, ndikuloleza Israeli kusokoneza zotsatira za "zomaliza" zokambirana ndi "zinthu zomwe zangopangidwa kumene."
Mfundo za mgwirizano wa Oslo zikuwonekeranso pamapu amsewu: imakhazikitsanso njira yapang'onopang'ono, ndikuchedwetsanso kukambirana za mfundo zofunika kwambiri, ilibe njira yoyendetsera bwino komanso sizikudziwika bwino za momwe mikangano ingathetsedwe. Ataona kuopsa kwa njirayi pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za ndondomeko ya Oslo, anthu a Palestina amakayikira kwambiri mapu a msewu. Abbas, yemwe wavomereza chikalatacho, adapeza 3 peresenti yokha ya chithandizo chodziwika mu kafukufuku waposachedwa, mwa zina chifukwa anthu aku Palestine akuganiza kuti achita zomwe US โโndi Israeli achita pazokambirana zilizonse zomwe zingachitike. Anthu ambiri a ku Palestine amawona mapu amisewu, monga Oslo, kuti athandize kutha kwa ndale za Israeli ku West Bank ndi Gaza Strip - ndondomeko yomwe inayamba posakhalitsa 1967 ndipo ikupitirira mpaka lero.
MAZIKO A ULAMULIRO WA ISRAELI
Kutsatira kulandidwa kwa West Bank, East Jerusalem ndi Gaza Strip mu 1967, dziko la Israel lidakumana ndi vuto. Kodi zikanatha bwanji kuwongolera malo ndi chuma cha maderawa ndikupewa udindo wachindunji kwa mamiliyoni aku Palestine okhala kumeneko? Kudutsa pazandale za Israeli, kuyankha kunali kofanana: Anthu aku Palestine ayenera kupatsidwa mawu pazochitika zawo, pomwe kuwongolera komaliza kwa nthaka, chuma ndi chuma zidakhalabe m'manja mwa Israeli.
Choyamba pamndandanda wautali wa mapulani anzeru omwe cholinga chake chinali kukwaniritsa masomphenyawa chinali Allon Plan, yoperekedwa ndi Gen. Yigal Allon, wachiwiri kwa nduna yayikulu ya Labor Party pambuyo pa nkhondo ya 1967. The Allon Plan idayitanitsa kulumikizidwa kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a West Bank m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Yordano ndi Nyanja Yakufa. Malo okhala ku Israeli adayenera kumangidwa m'mbali mwa kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa pansi pa Chigwa cha Yordano kum'mawa kwa West Bank. Mzere wachiwiri wa malo okhalamo anayenera kumangidwa pamapiri moyang'anizana ndi chigwacho ndi msewu wolumikiza midzi iwiri ya midzi. Panthaลตi imodzimodziyo, kuzungulira kwa mzinda wa Yerusalemu kunalinganizidwa kuti pakhale midzi. Mwanjira imeneyi, a Palestine 110,000 omwe amakhala ku East Jerusalem panthawiyo adzazunguliridwa ndikulephera kufalikira kudera lakumadzulo kwa West Bank. Dongosolo lomaliza la dongosololi mu Julayi 1967 lidalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa mtundu wina wa "gulu" la Aarabu kapena Palestina pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya West Bank, pomwe Israeli idalanda East Jerusalem, Chigwa cha Yordano, mapiri a Hebron kumwera kwa West Bank ndi kumwera kwa Gaza Strip.
Pamene chipani cha Likud chinayamba kulamulira mu 1977, Allon Plan idawonjezedwa ndi kulongosola katatu pa mfundo yoyendetsera nthaka koma osatenga udindo wachindunji kwa anthu. Sharon Plan, yofotokozedwa mu chikalata cha geostrategic cha 1977 "Vision of Israel at Century's End," idafuna kuti lamba watsopano wa midzi ya Israeli amangidwe kumadzulo kwa West Bank, kuyambira ku Jenin kumpoto mpaka ku Betelehemu. kum'mwera, kusokoneza malire osavomerezeka a Green Line olekanitsa Israeli ndi West Bank. Zokonzedwa ndi Prime Minister wa Israeli Ariel Sharon, yemwe panthawiyo anali nduna ya zaulimi ndi midzi, dongosololi likuwona kulandidwa kwina kwa malo a West Bank ngati kupanga chotchinga pakati pa Israeli ndi anthu aku Palestine. Dongosolo la Sharon linafuna kumanga misewu ikuluikulu yakumโmaลตa kupita kumadzulo kudutsa West Bank yomwe idzalumikiza midzi yatsopanoyi ndi imene ili mโchigwa cha Yordano.
Lingaliro la Sharon Plan linakulitsidwanso ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika yokhazikika yomwe inaperekedwa ndi World Zionist Organization (WZO) mu October 1978. Dongosolo la zaka zisanuli linafuna kumanga midzi mozungulira ndi pakati pa madera akuluakulu a Palestina kumadzulo. Banki. Zotsatira zomaliza za pulogalamuyi, zotsatiridwa kwambiri ndi maboma onse a Likud ndi Labor pazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, ndikugawidwa kwa West Bank kukhala madera atatu osiyana: matauni akumpoto a Jenin, Tulkarm, Qalqilya ndi Nablus, dera lapakati la Ramallah. ndi madera akumidzi a Yerusalemu, ndi dera lakumwera lozungulira Betelehemu ndi Hebroni. Komanso, njira ya WZO idafuna kuti midzi ya Israeli imangidwe pakati pa mizinda ya Palestina mkati mwa dera lililonse. Malinga ndi pulaniyo, pokhala ndi midzi yowonjezereka imeneyi, โanthu oลตerengeka [A Palestine] akapeza kukhala kovuta kupanga kupitirizabe ndale ndi madera.โ
Dongosolo lachitatu lomwe linatengedwa ndi Israel Knesset mu 1977 lidakhudzana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha "gulu" lomwe lidzakhazikitsidwe kumadera aku Palestina. The Begin Plan, yomwe idatchulidwa pambuyo pa Prime Minister Menachem Begin, idayitanitsa "kudziyimira pawokha" kwa anthu aku Palestina omwe ali m'malo olandidwa, omwe ali mu khonsolo yoyang'anira yosankhidwa ndi anthu aku Palestine omwe azikhala ku Ramallah kapena Betelehemu. Khonsolo yoyang'anira iyi, a Begin akuganiza, idzatenga udindo pazinthu zamkati za Palestine pomwe Israeli imayang'aniranso mfundo zakunja, malire ndi chuma.
Ndondomeko Yoyambira idamasuliridwa mu ndale pomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Village Leagues, kuyambira ku Hebron mu 1978 ndikupitilira kumatauni ena aku West Bank kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. Ma League awa adakhazikitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi boma la Israeli kuti alimbikitse utsogoleri "wapakatikati" waku Palestine womwe ungayanjanitse ubale wa Israeli ndi okhala ku Palestina. Kupyolera mu mndandanda wa malamulo ankhondo omwe adaperekedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, a Leagues adaloledwa ndi Israeli kuti agwire ndi kusunga omenyera ndale ndikukhazikitsa magulu ankhondo, komanso kuchita ntchito zopanda vuto zambiri monga kupereka ziphaso zoyendetsa galimoto ndi zilolezo zina. The Begin Plan inagwirizana ndi 1978 Camp David Accords pakati pa Israeli ndi Egypt, yomwe inapereka "ulamuliro wodzilamulira" ku West Bank ndi Gaza Strip.
Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, mapulani osiyanasiyanawa adakanidwa ndi gulu la Palestina, lomwe linkawawona ngati njira yopangira chikhalidwe cha tsankho momwe tsamba la mkuyu la kudzilamulira likanabisa zenizeni za ntchito. Intifada ya 1987-1993 idawona zipolowe zotsutsana ndi kukhalapo kwa asirikali a Israeli m'matauni ndi midzi yaku Palestine. Mameya osiyanasiyana ndi nthumwi za Village Leagues adafuna kuphedwa ndi omenyera ufulu waku Palestine ndipo kampeni yoletsa "boma" la Israeli idapangidwanso.
LOWANI OSLO
Zonsezi zinasintha ndi mgwirizano wa Oslo wa 1993. Mgwirizanowu unadzutsanso mantha a "ulamuliro wodzilamulira" wa Palestina, ngakhale kuti nthawi ino pansi pa utsogoleri wa gulu la Palestina, lomwe linabwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo likulengeza kuti dziko la Palestine posachedwa kukhazikitsidwa ku West Bank ndi Gaza Strip. Ngakhale chiyembekezo cha Palestine, komanso chikhulupiriro chofala cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi, kuti njira ya Oslo ikufuna kukwaniritsa masomphenyawa, Israeli analibe zonyenga zoterezi. Zaka ziwiri chitatha kusaina mgwirizano wa Oslo mu 1993, Prime Minister ndi mtsogoleri wa Labor Party Yitzhak Rabin anafotokoza masomphenya ake pa pulogalamu ya nkhani ya CNN ya "Evans ndi Novak":
โNdikufuna kukhalirana mwamtendere pakati pa Israeli ngati dziko lachiyuda, osati m'dziko lonse la Israeli, kapena ambiri mwa iwo; likulu lake, Yerusalemu wogwirizana; malire ake achitetezo ndi Yordano anamangidwanso; pafupi ndi ilo, bungwe la Palestina, locheperapo dziko, lomwe limayendetsa moyo wa Palestina. Sichilamuliridwa ndi Israeli. Imalamulidwa ndi Apalestina. Ichi ndi cholinga changa, osati kubwerera ku mizere ya nkhondo ya masiku asanu ndi limodzi isanayambe koma kupanga mabungwe awiri, kulekana pakati pa Israeli ndi Palestina omwe amakhala ku West Bank ndi Gaza Strip. Ndipo adzakhala osiyana ... gulu lomwe limadzilamulira lokha. โ
Ngakhale kuti malo okhalamo adasankhidwa kukhala nkhani "yomaliza" pansi pa mapangano a Oslo, boma la Labor linayambitsa kukulitsa kwakukulu komwe kunakonzedwa ndi Sharon mu 1991. m'madera okhala ku West Bank ndi Gaza Strip kuwirikiza kawiri kuchokera ku 1994 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2000. Mwachiwonekere mwanzeru pamalo awo, magulu akuluakulu okhalamo amapita ku West Bank, kulepheretsa kuyenda pakati ndi kukula kwachilengedwe kwa malo a anthu a Palestina.
Malo okhala ku Israeli adalumikizidwa ndi misewu yomwe imatchedwa bypass, luso la nthawi ya Oslo. Ubongo wa Rabin, misewu yayikulu yodutsamo iyi idalumikizana ndi malo okhalamo wina ndi mnzake komanso ndi mizinda ya Israeli, ndikukulitsa misewu ingapo yomwe idakonzedweratu mu Allon ndi Sharon Plans. Pangano la 1995 la Oslo II lidaletsa ntchito yomanga ku Palestina mkati mwa mayadi 55 mbali zonse za misewu yodutsa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti nyumba zambiri zaku Palestine zitha kugwetsedwa. Mu 1997, Likud atabwerera ku ulamuliro, Pulezidenti Benjamin Netanyahu adatulutsa masomphenya ake omwe amatchedwa "Allon-Plus" Plan. Sharon anathirira ndemanga panthaลตiyo kuti: โZambiri zingasiyane, koma kwenikweni, mfundo [ya mapu a Netanyahu] ndi yofanana kwambiriโ ndi dongosolo la Sharon la 1977.
Pofika kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2000, pafupifupi makilomita 250 misewu yodutsamo inali itamangidwa pamalo olandidwa. Misewu ikuluikulu iyi idalimbikitsa kudzipatula kwa mizinda ya West Bank yozunguliridwa ndi ma blocs a Israeli. Kusowa kwa Oslo kwa njira yowunikira komanso kulimbikitsa, komanso kusowa kwa kukakamiza kwa Israeli kuti athetse ntchito yomanga nyumba, zidasiya anthu aku Palestina kuti athane ndi kusintha kwa thupi la Israeli pazomwe zidachitika.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Israeli adayambitsa zomwe zimafotokozedwa bwino kuti ndi "kulamulira kutali" kwa Palestina ku West Bank ndi Gaza Strip. Ngakhale madera omwe ali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Palestinian Authority akuwoneka kuti ali ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha, Palestine aliyense adakakamizika kuyang'ana malo ochezera a Israeli, kutsekedwa ndi zilolezo kuti asamukire kunja kapena pakati pa madera amenewo. Intifada yachiwiri ya Seputembara 2000, yobadwa chifukwa cha mkwiyo wa Palestine komanso kukhumudwa pazimenezi, kunali kukana njira ya Oslo komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa Israeli kwa mapulani omwe adakhazikitsidwa ndi Allon Plan ya 1967.
MSEWU WA KU CANTONI
Israeli adayankha ku intifada ndi njira yachilango chapagulu yomwe cholinga chake ndi kubwerera ku malingaliro a Oslo, pomwe utsogoleri wofooka wa Palestine ungavomereze zofuna za Israeli ndipo anthu ankhanza adzakakamizika kuvomereza "dziko lodziyimira pawokha" lopangidwa ndi mndandanda. "bantustans".
Sharon ndi Abbas ayitanitsa msonkhano wawo wokonzekera sabata lachitatu la Meyi 2003 pamaso pa malo odziwika bwino a kaloti ndi ndodo za Israeli kwa ma Palestine. Pomwe Israeli ikupitilizabe kupha omenyera ufulu waku Palestine ndikusunga mizinda ikuluikulu nthawi yofikira kunyumba ndi kutsekedwa, idalonjezanso njira zingapo "zololeza" komanso "zabwino". Mofanana ndi momwe akaidi aku Palestine ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tchipisi tating'onoting'ono panthawi ya Oslo, Israeli yamasula akaidi pafupifupi 200 aku Palestine. Momwemonso, anthu pafupifupi 25,000 aku Palestine adzaloledwa kufunafuna ntchito mkati mwa Israeli. Kuchita bwino kwa miyesoyi kumachokera ku dongosolo lolamulira ndi kudalira lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Israeli pa chiwerengero cha Palestina. Mwa njira ina kufooketsa ndi kukhwimitsa kukakamizidwa kwa anthu aku Palestine, Israeli ikuyembekeza kusokoneza anthu panjira yopita ku cantons.
Mapu a misewu, omwe akuyembekezeka kupitilira mu magawo atatu kuti akwaniritse mgwirizano wanthawi zonse mu 2005, alipo munkhaniyi. Gawo lililonse limayika patsogolo udindo wa Palestine pakuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha Israeli - chomwenso ndi gawo lofunikira la Mapulani Oyambira. Mu gawo loyamba, anthu aku Palestine adzamanganso zida zachitetezo zomwe zidzayang'ane kukana kwa Palestina. Zidazi zidzayang'aniridwa ndi CIA, ndi maphunziro operekedwa ndi asilikali a chitetezo cha Jordanian ndi Egypt. Mapu amisewu amafuna kuti Israeli abwerere ku malo omwe adakhalapo kumayambiriro kwa intifada kuti "abwezeretse momwe zinalili kale pa Seputembara 28, 2000." Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, mapu amisewu safuna kuthetsedwa kwa midzi yonse ya Israeli. M'malo mwake, ikufuna kuyimitsidwa (kuphatikiza kukula kwachilengedwe) ndikuphwasula kwa Israeli malo okhalamo omwe adamangidwa kuyambira Marichi 2001 - zomwe sizidzakhudzanso madera akuluakulu okhalamo.
Zomwe Sharon adalankhula pagulu panthawi yaulendo wa Powell komanso pambuyo pake zidakayikitsa kufunitsitsa kwa Israeli kutsatira kukhazikikako. Potchulapo zomwe zinachokera ku ofesi ya Prime Minister, Ha'aretz adagwira mawu a Sharon akuuza Powell kuti, "Mukufuna chiyani, kuti mayi woyembekezera achotse mimba chifukwa chokhazikika?" Poyankhulana sabata ino ndi Jerusalem Post, Sharon adalimbikitsa kudzipereka kwake pakukonza malo okhala ku West Bank, ponena kuti okhalamo achiyuda adzapitirizabe kukhala kumeneko pansi pa ulamuliro wa Israeli.
Vuto lalikulu la mapu amsewu ndi kusamveka kwake. Izi zimakhala zovuta makamaka ponena za gawo loyamba, popeza pali kusiyana kwa maganizo, kuphatikizapo pakati pa mamembala anayi a Quartet, ponena za nthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiwonongeko komanso ngati zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu chikalatacho ziyenera kuchitika nthawi imodzi kapena motsatizana. .
Gawo lotsatira, lomwe likukonzekera theka lachiwiri la 2003, likufotokozedwa m'mawu ozunzika kwambiri monga "kuyang'ana pa chisankho chokhazikitsa dziko lodziyimira pawokha la Palestine lokhala ndi malire kwakanthawi komanso mawonekedwe aulamuliro." Mapu a misewu alibe kufotokoza tanthauzo la โmakhalidwe a ulamuliro.โ Koma wina akukumbutsidwa za chikhulupiliro cha nthawi yayitali cha Sharon, chomwe chinafotokozedwanso mu December 2002 kulankhula ku Herzliya, kuti Israeli ayenera kulamulira chitetezo chakunja, malire, malo a ndege ndi madzi apansi panthaka a "dziko" lililonse la Palestina, ndikukhala ndi veto pa mgwirizano wa Palestina ndi maiko ena.
Gawo lachitatu limayamba mu 2004 ndipo limatha ndi "mgwirizano wanthawi zonse mu 2005," womwe udzaphatikizepo mgwirizano womaliza pazinthu zazikulu za malire, Yerusalemu, othawa kwawo ndi malo okhala. Monga momwe zinalili ndi Oslo, kusowa kwa njira yowunikira yomwe imachirikizidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kwa mayiko kuti atsimikizire kuti Israeli asiye ntchito zonse zokhazikika, kukhoza kupatsa Israeli mwayi wina wopanga "zowona pansi." Zowonadi, monga zaka khumi zapitazi zawonetsera momveka bwino, "zinthu" izi zidapangidwa kale ndipo kukhalapo kwawo kumapereka chikayikiro chachikulu ngati njira yothetsera mayiko awiri ingakhale yotheka.
Kukakamizika kuyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse ndi kukonzanso kachidutswa komaliza kachidutswa kakang'ono ka Israeli - khoma "lolekanitsa" lalitali mamita 25 lomwe likumangidwa pa nthaka yolandidwa ya Palestina yomwe idzazungulira mapiri a Palestine ku West Bank. Chochititsa chidwi, mapu amisewu samatchula konse khoma kapena kuti akukonzekera kuphatikizira bwino anthu opitilira 300,000 aku Israeli ku Israeli, malinga ndi zomwe mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe aku Palestina.
Gulu la mabungwe omwe si aboma aku Palestine ndi Israeli akonza mapu ochititsa chidwi omwe akuwonetsa mizere yomaliza ya khoma, kutengera malamulo olandidwa malo operekedwa kwa anthu aku Palestine ndi mamapu aboma a Israeli. Mapu awa, omwe adasindikizidwa patsamba la gulu lankhondo laku Israeli la Gush Shalom, akuwonetsa mgwirizano wathunthu - pafupifupi masikweya kilomita - pakati pa masomphenya omaliza a Israeli a West Bank ndi mamapu akale ojambulidwa ndi Allon ndi Sharon.
"NTCHITO NDI KAPENA AYI"
Kaya Israeli adzachita bwino pokwaniritsa masomphenya a West Bank ndi Gaza Strip omwe adapangidwa zaka 35 zapitazo akadali funso lotseguka. Ngakhale Abbas adayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi atolankhani aku Israeli komanso apadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha "chikatikati" chake ndikuyitanitsa kutha kwankhondo, kutsutsa mapu amisewu kuli pafupifupi ponseponse pazandale za Palestina. Ngakhale zigawo zazikulu za chipani cholamulira cha Fatah zatsutsa ndondomekoyi, ndipo kumenyedwa kwakukulu kunachitika ku Ramallah pa tsiku la msonkhano wa Powell ndi Abbas, zomwe zinapangitsa kusintha kwa malo kuchoka ku Ramallah kupita ku tawuni yakutali ya Jordan Valley ku Yeriko.
Kukakamizidwa kwapadziko lonse komwe kunaperekedwa kwa Purezidenti wa Palestina Yasser Arafat kuti asankhe Abbas, bambo yemwe alibe chithandizo chodziwika bwino, ndikuvomereza nduna yake, amaonedwa ndi anthu ambiri aku Palestina umboni wofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti utsogoleri wodandaula wa Palestine sudzalimbana ndi mapu amisewu. zoletsedwa. Zomwe zili mkati mwa Fatah zotsutsana ndi Abbas zamufanizira poyera ndi Hamid Karzai waku Afghanistan, monga chisonyezero cha kufunitsitsa kwake kulamulira m'malo mwa mayiko akunja.
Ngati mapu akuyenda molingana ndi zolinga za Israeli-US, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti asitikali aku Palestine omwe asinthidwa posachedwa ayambe ntchito yomanga anthu omwe akufuna kupitiliza zida. M'tauni yayikulu kumpoto kwa West Bank ya Nablus, omenyera ufulu wa Fatah adalangizidwa ndi utsogoleri wa Palestine kuti aike zida zawo pansi pobwezera maudindo mu maunduna a Palestina kapena magulu achitetezo. Ngakhale ena avomereza izi, gawo lalikulu la Fatah lakana ndipo lachita ziwopsezo zatsopano motsutsana ndi asitikali aku Israeli ndi okhalamo. Magulu ena akuluakulu, Hamas, Islamic Jihad ndi Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), onse adzudzula mapu amsewu ndipo adalumbira kuti apitiliza kukana ntchitoyo.
Atsogoleri ena andale aku Palestine nawonso akhala akutsutsa mapu amisewu. Mustafa Barghouti, mtsogoleri wakale wa Palestinian Peoples 'Party (omwe kale anali a Palestinian Communist Party), adatcha mapu a msewu "njira ya cantonization pamene tikutsimikizira chitetezo cha Israeli" panthawi yofunsidwa pa TV ya Ramallah pa May 6. Barghouti tsopano akutsogolera gulu lankhondo latsopano lotchedwa al-Mubadara (The Initiative), lomwe likuyitanitsa gulu latsopano la Palestine lomwe limabweretsa pamodzi magulu amitundu ndi achisilamu kuti agwirizane motsutsana ndi kulanda.
Rima Tarazi, pulezidenti wa General Union of Palestinian Women, nayenso adatsutsana ndi mapu a misewu poyankhulana pa May 6, akutsutsa kuti "ntchito si chinthu chokambirana. [Ntchito] kaya ndi kapena ayi.โ Ndemanga za Tarazi zikuwonetsa chimodzi mwazofooka zazikulu za njira ya Oslo komanso mapu amsewu. Povomereza kuti madera okhala ndi malo ena aku Palestina omwe adalandidwa ndi nkhani zokambitsirana, mapu amisewu amatsutsana ndi kusaloledwa kwa ntchitoyo, kusintha udindo wa Israeli kukhala "mkangano."
Chopinga chachikulu pamalingaliro osiyanasiyana a Israeli ku West Bank ndi Gaza Strip nthawi zonse kwakhala kukana kwa anthu aku Palestine. Chifukwa chake, chikhulupiliro chodziwika bwino pakati pa anthu aku Palestine masiku ano ndikuti Israeli ikhoza kukhala yopambana pakuthetsa kampeni yomwe ilipo pakanthawi kochepa, kungobzala mbewu za intifada yachitatu mu 2005.
Adam Hanieh ndi wogwira ntchito zaufulu wa anthu komanso wofufuza yemwe amakhala ku Ramallah. Catherine Cook ndi wogwirizira media ku Middle East Research and Information Project.
Onani mapu a Palestine ndi Israel NGOs pakhoma la "kupatukana" ku West Bank pa: http://gush-shalom.org/thewall/index.html
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za "kulamulira kwakutali" kwa nthawi ya Oslo, onani Jeff Halper, "The 94 Percent Solution: A Matrix of Control," ku Middle East Report 216 (Fall 2000), yopezeka pa intaneti pa: http://www.merip.org/mer/mer216/216_halper.html
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