Gwero: Tsabola Wofiira
M'miyezi ingapo chabe, zochitika zambiri zododometsa ndi zolankhula za dziko la China zoyika patsogolo 'kutukuka wamba', kuletsa makampani akuluakulu aukadaulo ndi azachuma, ndikuteteza ufulu wa ogwira ntchito papulatifomu ndiukadaulo, zadzetsa chisangalalo kapena mantha, malingana ndi udindo wa munthu pa ndale ndi zofuna za chuma. Koma zikuwoneka kuti pali mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi pamalingaliro osiyanasiyana, kuyambira opita patsogolo ndi okhazikika omasuka, mpaka kwa olemba atolankhani abizinesi, kuti. izi zikuyimira china chake chosiyana kwambiri.
Ena amene ali kumanzere amadzifunsapo ngati China ikubweretsanso kudzipereka ku 'socialism' zomwe zingapereke njira ina ku ulamuliro wa neoliberal capitalism. Izi ndizodabwitsa, ngati kuti zaka makumi atatu zapitazi zachitukuko cha capitalist cha China zitha kunyalanyazidwa, kapena socialism ikhoza kubweretsedwa ndi kulowererapo kwa boma.
Zogwirizana
Chowonadi ndi chakuti kulowererapo kwaposachedwa kwa 'red' ndi mayankho anzeru komanso olunjika, m'malo mosintha malingaliro aliwonse, ndikukulitsa mavuto azachuma komanso azachuma. Pali kuzindikira kwa dziko la China kuti silingathenso kuchedwetsa kuyang'anira ukonde wazinthu zolumikizana zomwe zili ndi mizu yofanana muzochitika zakusintha kwa capitalist.
Zizindikiro za kukula kwa mavuto zinali kuonekeratu kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, patatha zaka khumi za kukula kwachuma kosalamulirika. Msika wanyumba wotentha kwambiri, ngongole zambiri zamabanki aboma kudzera kubwereketsa kwa maboma am'deralo, kuyika ndalama pazachuma zomwe zidayambitsa kusakhazikika, ndi ambiri amavomereza kuthawa kusalingana, kufika pa gini coefficient ya 0.465 pofika 2019, akhala akupanga kwa zaka 20.
M'malo mothetsedwa, mavuto ambiri omwewo adakulirakulira monga momwe dziko la China likukulira kuyika ndondomeko zopulumutsa chuma ndi kusunga chiwonjezekocho pa nambala imodzi pambuyo pa mavuto azachuma padziko lonse a 2007-8. Mphindi yomwe ili pano ndikuwerengera zambiri mwazinthu zomwe zayimitsidwa ndi zatsopano monga kukula kwamphamvu kwamakampani aukadaulo komanso ntchito zosayendetsedwa bwino zamapulatifomu zomwe zimapereka zoopsa komanso zolepheretsa kukula kosatha komanso anthu okhazikika. Ndikoyenera kuyang'ana momwe dziko la China likuthana ndi mavutowa.
Kuthetsa umphawi?
Ngakhale kuyamikira kupindula kwa kuthetsa umphawi wadzaoneni, mawu akuti 'kutukuka wamba', mawu omwewo. kuyambira m'ma 1950, ndiko kuzindikira koonekeratu kwa kufunikira kothana ndi kusalingana kwachuma komwe kwafika pamlingo wowopsa. China tsopano yatero mabiliyoni ambiri kuposa dziko lina lililonse. Kukhala pambali pa kusonkhanitsa chuma ichi ndikuvomereza kodabwitsa kwa Prime Minister waku China kuti Anthu 600 miliyoni amapeza ndalama zokwana RMB 1,000 pamwezi ($150). Komabe ziwerengerozi sizikuyamba kufotokoza zenizeni za kusalingana kwa tsiku ndi tsiku koteroko. Lingaliro la kupanda chilungamo langowonjezereka ndi kuchepa kwachuma. Kukambitsirana pagulu za 'kusinthika' ku China, zomwe zimasonyeza zochitika za anthu zogwira ntchito molimbika pansi pa chitsenderezo champhamvu koma osawona mphotho zomaliza, zimasonyeza kukhumudwa kwakukulu.
Mwina chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, dziko la China lakhala likulanga makampani aukadaulo. Pothandizira kumangidwa kwa akatswiri adziko lonse, kuphatikiza makampani onse aboma ndi abizinesi, zikuwoneka kuti zikukulirakulira kwamakampani omwe akukulirakulira komanso amphamvu, komanso osamvera malamulo aboma. Mwachitsanzo, idayang'ana Gulu la Nyerere la Jack Ma, kuyimitsa IPO yake ku Shanghai ndikukakamiza kampaniyo kuti ikonzenso. Yayeseranso kuthetsa ma monopolies aukadaulo.
Kutsika kwachuma komanso kulephera kwabizinesi yayikulu kwapangitsa kale kugwa kwa zimphona monga HNA yodzaza ndi ngongole komanso posachedwapa Gulu la Evergrande. Kukhala ndi mphamvu ndi kuchulukitsitsa kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndikubwezeretsa bata muzachuma ndi zina mwa zolinga zazikulu za mayankho a boma kuti apeze zovomerezeka zandale.
Kuvomereza pansi pampanipani
Poyang'anizana ndi ziwonetsero za ogwira ntchito komanso kusakhutira kwa anthu, dziko la China lachitapo kanthu kukakamiza makampani kuti azichitira bwino antchito. Ngakhale kumenyedwa kwa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale kumayendetsedwa bwino, opereka chakudya komanso otumiza makalata ku nsanja yayikulu yaku China komanso makampani a e-commerce awonekera. Polimbana ndi gawo losagwirizana ndi malamulo, ogwira ntchito papulatifomu adadzipanga okha kudzera m'ma intaneti osakhazikika kuti akankhire chithandizo chabwinoko, zomwe zidapangitsa mafunde angapo a kugunda kwa wildcat m’zaka zisanu zapitazi. Ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo komanso azungu, nawonso, atsogolera zokambirana zapadziko lonse zokhuza kugwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso mzaka ziwiri zapitazi. Poyankhapo, dziko la China layesetsa kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito, likufuna makampani kuti azitsatira malamulo ogwirira ntchito, ndikukakamiza makampani ena kuti akhazikitse mabungwe ogwira ntchito.
Zomwe zachitika posachedwa ndi mayankho anzeru komanso olunjika, m'malo mosintha malingaliro, ndikukulitsa mavuto azachuma komanso azachuma.
Zoyesayesa zimenezi n’zosaiwalika. Ngati ndondomeko ndi machitidwewa atsatiridwa bwino, atha kukhala njira zothanirana ndi zovuta zoyipa za dongosolo la capitalist. Koma pali funso lalikulu loti atha kuthandizidwa mokwanira kudzera mu ndondomeko za boma ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwachindunji.
Ena angafunse kuti: ngakhale izi siziri za kumanga socialism, kodi sizikupita patsogolo? Ziyenera kuwonedwa ngati momwe zilili, kuyankha mwanzeru kumavuto omwe akufika pamavuto, omwe cholinga chake ndi kukonzanso capitalism yaku China ndikubwezeretsa bata potsimikiza kuwongolera boma. Cholinga chake ndikuteteza bwino maziko opitilira kusonkhanitsa ndalama.
Pali chiopsezo chachikulu chokondana ndi mfundo za 'red'. Makamaka, pamene mikangano ya US-China ikukulirakulira, pali chiyeso chosiyanitsa mbali zabwino za China ndi zoipa ku US ndi kwina kulikonse. Koma sitingathe kungoyang'ana pa ndondomeko za boma ndi gawo lazachuma cha ndale kuti tisakhale ndi kayendetsedwe ka chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo m'malo mwake tiyenera kumvetsetsa kufotokozera maganizo ndi kayendetsedwe ka anthu.
Ngati mayiko achoka akuyenera kuyamika chilichonse, ziyenera kukhala magulu omwe akulimbana ndi tsogolo lopita patsogolo. Ngakhale kuti akhala akuponderezedwa kwa zaka zambiri, antchito akupitirizabe kulimbana nawo. Omenyera ufulu wachikazi atero kuika nkhanza zogonana ndi kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi patsogolo pa chidziwitso cha anthu. Pa nthawi ya mliri, modzidzimutsa magulu othandizirana oyendetsedwa ndi anthu odzipereka adachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti anthu azitha kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala komanso moyo wawo potseka. Zochita ndi mayendedwe awa kuchokera pansi ndi zomwe zimatipatsa chiyembekezo pakumanga anthu olungama, osati zochita za boma.
Kevin Lin ndi mnzake waku China University of Hong Kong ndipo akulemba za kayendedwe ka anthu ogwira ntchito ku China
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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