Kwa zaka 30+ ndinaphunzitsa maphunziro a seminala akuluakulu omwe ndinawapanga ndikuwatcha kuti The Politics of Personal Identity (kapena POPI). Ochepa kwa ophunzira 12 pa semesita yawo yomaliza ya koleji, inali maphunziro apamwamba omwe adayesetsa kumvetsetsa luso lawo laukadaulo. Mโkati mwa nthawi yonseyi tinkafufuza kuti ndi ndani aliyense ndipo ntchito yawo yomaliza, yomwe inalengezedwa tsiku loyamba la kalasi, inali nkhani yapakamwa ya mphindi 40 ya mutu wakuti โNdine Ndani? Kodi Ndimakhulupirira Chiyani? Nโchifukwa Chiyani Ndimakhulupirira?โ Izi zidatsatiridwa ndi Q & A yochulukirapo kuchokera kwa mamembala ena. Malamulo oyambira anali oti palibe chomwe chidzawululidwe muzowonetsera zomwe zidzaululidwe kupitilira kalasi.
Mwa zina, tidadalira ntchito ya pulofesa wa pa yunivesite ya McGill Charles Taylor kuti tifotokoze tanthauzo la kukhala wekha, wothandizira anthu, munthu. Kwa Taylor, kudziwika kwa munthu kumatanthauzidwa podziwa pomwe wayima. Ndiko kuti, ndi malonjezano ati omwe amandipatsa chiyembekezo chomwe ndimakhazikitsira zochita zanga m'moyo, zomwe ndikulolera kuchitapo kanthu. M'mawu a Taylor ndikuyika motsutsa, โโฆ ngati atataya kudzipereka kwawo kapena malingaliro ake akakhala panyanja, titero; sakanadziwanso, chifukwa cha mafunso ofunika kwambiri, tanthauzo la zinthuzo linali kwa iwo.โ Ngati mkhalidwe woterowo utabuka tingautcha โvuto lodziwikiratu,โ chododometsa, chosatsimikizirika chapamene iwo ali. Mwa njira ina, kudziลตa amene ali ndiko kudziลตa mbali imene muli nayo ponena za mafunso ofunika kwambiri a makhalidwe abwino.
Taylor akutikumbutsa kuti anthu omwe timawaona kuti ndi osazama amakhalanso ndi chidziwitso cha zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri koma pazifukwa zilizonse zomwe sizikuganiziridwa bwino kapena zimangoperekedwa ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chilipo. Anthu omwe amaonedwa kuti ali ndi kuzama kapena umunthu asuntha kuposa izi kapena akuvutika kuti adziwe zomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi "zabwino" kapena nkhani zomwe zili ndi tanthauzo kwa iwo. Taylor kachiwiri: ndife enieni osati chifukwa chakuti tili ndi ziwindi ndi mitima koma chifukwa tikhoza kuyankha funso lakuti "Ndine Ndani?" Kodi maubwenzi anga ofunikira kwambiri amakwaniritsidwa bwanji? Kodi ndi moyo wotani womwe ndi wofunika kukhala nawo? Kodi moyo wanga ndi wotani? kukhulupirika kwanga kuli kuti? Kodi ndafika bwanji komwe ndili lero ndipo funsoli likupita kuti?
Chaka chilichonse ndinkaitana mapulofesa ndi olamulira monga olankhula alendo ndi kuwafunsa kuti ayankhe mafunso amenewa. Onsewo anali ophunzira kwambiri, ochezeka, aufulu aulemu amakhalidwe abwino okhala ndi malingaliro okhazikika ponena za malire a zochita za ndale. Ndinadabwa komanso kudabwa kuti ambiri a iwo anakana kupereka kwanga. Amene anavomera ndi mtima wonse, anaphatikizapo pulofesa wa sayansi yandale, mkulu wathu wamaphunziro amene anakhalapo membala wa Union for Radical Political Economics (URPE) ndi pulezidenti wa kolejiyo. Otsatirawa adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ziwonetsero zankhondo zotsutsana ndi Vietnam, gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso zikhulupiriro zake zazikulu zachipembedzo. Mtumiki wodzozedwa, maphunziro ake anaphatikizapo kukhudzidwa ndi zamulungu zaufulu.
Nanga bwanji amene anadandaula? Nditha kulakwitsa koma chabwino, malingaliro anga anali ena aiwo samatsimikiza kuti mayankho awo apulumuka gawo lamphamvu la Q & A. Choyipa chachikulu, adazengereza kuyang'ana mozama kwambiri pankhaniyi. Chifukwa chiyani? Kumasuka ndi kukonzanso Baibulo (Yohane 8:32, KJV) tinganene kuti chowonadi cha momwe dziko lapansi chimagwirira ntchito chidzakumasulani. Koma choyamba, chikhoza kukhala chokhumudwitsa kwambiri.
Pa ntchito yanga ndinaphunzira kuti uphunzitsi wa ku koleji umalola munthu kubisala kuseri kwa ntchito yake popanda kufotokoza zambiri za iye mwini. Ndipo munthu akamapewa kukangana uku akuwononga nthawi ndi zinthu zina pamalingaliro ena odziwika, zimakhala zovuta komanso zowopsa kutero. Ichi ndi chifukwa chimodzi chomwe ena amasankha kuti azikambirana ndi achinyamata okha, chisankho chomwe ndikuchimvetsa koma sindingathe kutengera.
Kupitilira apo, ndinganene kuti kuyandikira kwa munthu kumatengera momwe dziko limagwirira ntchito ndi momwe liyenera kugwirira ntchito, vuto locheperako silikhala vuto. Momwe mungasunthire anthu kuti achite izi ndi funso lovutitsa maganizo kwambiri koma lofunikira mayankho. M'malingaliro mwanga, kusiya si njira. Monga Howard Zinn adanenapo, pafupifupi aliyense yemwe tsopano ali wokhwima adayamba kukhala womasuka. Zochitika zina zakale, alangizi oleza mtima, nthawi yamtengo wapatali, mwayi wopeza chuma komanso moona mtima, mwamwayi, zonse zidatenga mbali. Mwachidule, ena a ife tikhoza kusonyeza kudzichepetsa kwambiri.
Pomaliza, ndinganene kuti sayansi, ngati itachitidwa bwino, ingathandize kupereka maziko a makhalidwe abwino. Kugawanika komwe kumati kugawanikana pakati pa mfundo ndi mfundo za makhalidwe abwino ndi nthano yochirikizidwa ndi anthanthi ndi akatswiri a chikhalidwe cha anthu akukankhira kugwirizana kwa chikhalidwe. Ndiko kuti, pali njira zabwinoko ndi zoyipa zokhazikitsira chuma padziko lonse lapansi kuti tipeze mwayi wolemeretsa anthu ndikukwaniritsa. Makhalidwe abwino ena ndi abwino kuposa ena. Sitiyenera kupeลตa mkanganowo chifukwa tikadapambana pofotokoza mosamalitsa - ndi umboni - momwe capitalism yapadziko lonse lapansi ndiyomwe imayambitsa mazunzo ambiri a anthu, chilichonse kuyambira pa zinthu zakuthupi mpaka kupatukana kwakukulu.
Gary Olson, Pulofesa Emeritus of Political Science, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA. Buku lake laposachedwa kwambiri ndi EMPATHY IMPERILED: Capitalism, Culture and the Brain (NY: Springer Publishing, 2013). Contact: [imelo ndiotetezedwa]
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