Pakati pa zokambirana zachinsinsi za Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement ndi United States, European Union ikudziwonetsera pang'onopang'ono ngati chida cha ndale cha ulamuliro wa America. Kunyoza kwa European Union panjira za demokalase kukubisika kuseri kwa chigoba cha mtendere pakati pa mayiko, chigoba cha wolandila Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel mu 2012 yemwe mopanda dyera amayesa kupulumutsa Europe ku ziwanda zake, akudziwonetsa ngati dambo lokhalo lomwe limagwirizanitsa Europe mwamtendere. .
"Kuchokera ku Nkhondo kupita ku Mtendere: Tale ya ku Ulaya" unali mutu wankhani ya Barroso ndi Rompuy ku Oslo mu 2012. Chabwino, monga zithunzi zabwino, pamene mutu wasankhidwa bwino mawu ndi osayenera ...
โฆndipo monga nkhani ina iliyonse yokopa, imagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati kunyansidwa kubwerezedwa ndi kuwonedwa mwachiwonekere ndi omvera omvera. Komabe, sichingafanane ndi mayeso ovuta.
Kuponya Mwala Padziwe
Zowonadi, lingaliro la EU kukhala ndi udindo wamtendere pambuyo pa nkhondo ku Europe ndi lingaliro limodzi lalikulu - komabe lomwe wophunzira aliyense kusukulu, kaya ku Spain, France kapena Germany amabwereza mobwerezabwereza, lomwe lasintha kwanthawi yayitali m'malo mwa pemphero la m'mawa kamodzi- masukulu achikhristu. Ukulu ukafika, uthenga womwewo umaperekedwa kudzera muzofalitsa, gulu la ndale ngakhalenso chikhalidwe chokha, kukhala chakudya chathu chatsiku ndi tsikuโฆ osati moyo wotsutsa.
M'malo mwake, chidzudzulo chikadzutsidwa pakuwukira koyipa kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu aku Europe ndi Mapangano a EU ndi bungwe lake lalikulu la Commission, posakhalitsa pamakambirano omwe akuimbidwa mlandu wokondwerera WWIII. Kufananiza EU ndi mtendere kumachita ngati mfuti yaluntha, kuchotsera aliyense amene akufuna kuwonetsa malingaliro otsutsa za ufulu wake wofunikira wofotokozera.
Komabe, ulamuliro uliwonse wopondereza ukhoza kunena kuti ukuchita zinthu pofuna mtendere ndi mgwirizano. Ndipotu, ngati mbiri imatiphunzitsa chirichonse ndikuti iyi ndi mutu wamba m'mbiri ya maulamuliro opondereza komanso makamaka maufumu. Adolf Hitler adanena kuti akufuna mtendere ku Ulaya pamene akufika ku ulamuliro kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi atatu. Boma la Soviet Union linanena kuti likufuna mtendere paulendo wawo uliwonse wankhondo. Mwachiwonekere pamapeto pake zowona zidakula pamwamba pa mawu ndipo palibe wolemba mbiri yemwe ali ndi malingaliro abwino omwe angatenge Brezhnev, Hitler kapena Julius Cesar ngati akazembe amtendere potengera nkhani zawo zandale. European Union sichiyenera kukhala chosiyana ndi izi.
MAD for Peace
Kodi chifukwa chiyani chipwirikiti ku East Berlin mu 1953 sichinasinthe kukhala mkangano wapadziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chamasewera amgwirizano omwe analipo panthawiyo? EU idangokhalapo kuyambira 1957 (yomwe idatchedwa EEC). Izi sizinganenedwe kuti zidachitika ndi omwe adatsogolera Barroso, mosasamala kanthu za zonena zake zonyasa. Zomwezo zimayendanso ndi kuwukira kwa 1956 ku Budapest. Mโchenicheni, pali zitsanzo zambiri zosonyeza nthaลตi zambiri kusagwirizana koteroko ponena za ntchito ya EU mu mtendere wapadziko lonse; muzochitika zina zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pa 1957, monga kulowererapo kwa Russia ku Prague mu 1968, zingakhale zovuta kufotokoza mgwirizano pakati pa mkangano wapadziko lonse womwe ukulepheretsedwa pakati pa Kum'mawa ndi Kumadzulo ndi kuwongolera mtengo kwa zokolola zamkaka (EEC ndiye mu gawo lake loyambirira ndi maiko asanu ndi limodzi okha ndipo amayang'ana kwambiri pazotsatira zaulimi).
Monga Noam Chomsky waneneratu kangapo, chifukwa chomwe chidayambitsa mtendere ku Europe kuyambira kumapeto kwa WWII ndikutsimikizira kuti nkhondo ina ikhala yomaliza kwa mayiko aku Europe komanso mwinanso mtundu wa anthu. Chifukwa chake ndi chosavuta: kukhalapo kwa ma blocs awiri, NATO kumbali imodzi ndi mgwirizano wa Warsaw kumbali inayo, onse okhala ndi zida zokwanira za nyukiliya kuti athetse chitukuko.
EU mumpangidwe wake wamakono komanso wopindula kwambiri ulipodi kuyambira 1992 choncho sitinganene kuti zaka 70 zamtendere ku Ulaya. Monga momwe tambala akuyimba m'mawa alibe mphamvu zodzutsa dzuwa, EU inalibe mphamvu pamtendere wapadziko lonse. M'malo mwake, zitha kutsutsidwa kuti mgwirizano wa EU ndi mfundo zakunja zaku US - pafupi kwambiri lero kuposa kale - ziyenera kuperekedwa, ngati zili choncho, ndi "Razzie" wa Nobel.
Pamtendere ndi Ndani?
M'nkhani yake ya Ogasiti 2013 mu Le Monde Diplomatique, Purezidenti wa Bolivia Evo Morales adawonetsa kukwiya kwake pakugonjera kwa EU ku US pakati pa nkhani ya Snowden). Iye analemba kuti: โKwa iwo (Azungu), njira ya demokalase ndi yachisinthiko imene Amwenye onse akugwira ntchito ikuimira chopinga panjira yopita ku chitukuko. Tsankho limeneli tsopano likuthaลตira kudzikuza ndi mafotokozedwe opusa kwambiri โakatswiriโ kubisa chigamulo cha ndale chomwe chinapangidwa mu ofesi ina ku Washington.โ
Zowonadi, European Union ikhoza kukhala pamtendere yokha, mwanjira yotalikirapo, komabe anthu aku Libya anganene chiyani pankhaniyi? Kodi European Union ilinso pamtendere ndi Middle East? Ndi Syria? Ndi Iraq? France ikatembenukira kumbuyo kwa mnzake wakale wabizinesi waku Iran, ngakhale kuwopseza m'modzi mwa opanga magalimoto otchuka, omwe amateteza zofuna zake? Kodi amalimbikitsa mtendere? Spain ikamachita Venezuela ngati dziko lankhanza kapena kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi pamilandu yomwe tatchulayi ya Bolivia, kodi ikuthandizira zokonda zaku Spain kapena mabizinesi aku Spain?
Matenda a Huntington ku Europe
Matenda a Huntington ndi matenda a neurodegenerative omwe amapuwala pang'onopang'ono minofu iliyonse m'thupi mpaka wodwalayo atamwalira. Komabe, muzochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, dzina lomweli ndi lodziwika kwambiri chifukwa chokhala wolemba "Clash of Civilizations" (1993). Ndithu matenda amtundu wina koma amakhala ndi zotsatira zofanana kwambiri.
Samuel P. Huntington (1927-2008) anali Pulofesa wa Harvard yemwe anafotokoza mโbuku lomwe tatchulalo mmene dziko lidzaonekera pambuyo pa Cold War. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amatanthauzidwa ngati mapu amsewu omwe US โโโโakukakamiza mpaka momwe mphamvu zake zimafikira. โIlo limaneneratuโ dziko limene zikhalidwe za anthu ndi zipembedzo zidzayambitsa mikangano. Mapu enieni omwe Huntington adasindikiza nthawi zambiri amakhala chiwongolero chokhulupirika chamgwirizano wamakono ndi wamtsogolo wazachuma ndi usilikali, mosasamala kanthu za kupusa kwa njira za wolemba zofotokozera "mablok".
White Europe
Zomwe zimatchedwa "zikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo za anthu" zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti mabulogu opatsidwa sabisa kwenikweni mtundu wamakono wa supermacism. Kumbuyo kwa chiphunzitso cha Huntington, munthu sanganyalanyaze chinthu chokhacho chokhazikika chofotokozera mizere ya mabulosi awa (ndi EU yamasiku ano): mtundu wa khungu.
Ndi kusaina kwa mapangano achinsinsi a TAFTA, mamembala 28 (ndikukula) a EU atha kuyamba ulendo wapamadzi womwe ungasindikize tsogolo la Europe monga tikudziwira, kapena zomwe Morales akufuna kuzikumbukira: "Europe yatulutsa malingaliro apamwamba kwambiri: ufulu, kufanana, ubale. Zathandiziranso kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa demokalase. Tsopano sichinthu chongoyerekeza chabe (โฆ) โ.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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