Gwero: Climate & Capitalism
Zopereka zabwino za omwe amalimbikitsa kuchepa kwachuma ziyenera kuzindikirika, makamaka, kuganiziranso za kukula kwachuma pansi pa capitalism, kudzudzula muyeso wake, GNP / GDP, komanso kuloza ku kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosasunthika kwachuma kwachilengedwe, makamaka mafuta oyaka mafuta popanga. za zinthu zopangira phindu mosasamala kanthu za momwe zingakhudzire thanzi la anthu ndi chilengedwe. Kuwonjezera apo, iwo mwanzeru amadzudzula okhulupirira zachilengedwe amene amanena kuti kungoloลตetsa tekinoloje yoyenera mโmalo mwa chuma chandale chadziko cha ukapitalisti kungakhale kokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu ndi chilengedwe.
Koma njira zochepetsera zoperekedwa ndizolakwika kwambiri ndipo mtundu wawo sungathe kulandiridwa ndi ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale amakopa magawo a akatswiri.[1] Olimbikitsa kukula kwachuma nthawi zambiri amalephera kulongosola zakukula kwachuma, ndikuyika zonse mudengu limodzi; mwachitsanzo, zisathe / kuthana ndi zosowa zofunika za anthu ndi chilengedwe motsutsana ndi zosakhazikika, kusiya anthu ambiri muumphawi kapena kuipiraipira. Degrowthers amanena za mwayi wochuluka wa antchito ku North padziko lonse poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ku South South monga gawo lalikulu la vutoli, m'malo mozindikira kuti ogwira ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana sangapindule kokha ndi kukula kwa magawo omwe amakwaniritsa zosowa zake m'magawo onse awiri. Kumpoto ndi Kumwera kwapadziko lonse lapansi koma ziyenera kukhala zotsogola kugonjetsera chuma chambiri.[1, 2, 3]
Zomwe anthu ambiri amanena mโnkhani yonena za kuchepa kwa kukula nโzakuti โkukula kosatha pa pulaneti lokhala ndi malire kumadzetsa tsoka losalekeza ku chilengedwe.โ[4] Izi zikulephera kusokoneza mbali za kukula, zomwe zikukula, zomwe ziyenera kuwonongeka, pansi pa ulamuliro wanji wa mphamvu? Ngakhale kuti pali malire odziwikiratu pakukula kwa zomangamanga zapadziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa chiyani chidziwitso ndi chikhalidwe sizingapitirire kukula kwa nthawi yayitali m'tsogolo muchuma chokhazikika chapadziko lonse lapansi komanso chakuthupi komanso ndale?
Kuphatikiza apo, otsogola odekha amati 'zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi mphamvu "zogwiritsa ntchito" ziyenera kuchepa, kuyambira ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi ngongole kwa ena onse. Mphamvu ndi zinthu zakuthupi ziyenera kuwonongeka chifukwa chakuti zinthu zotengedwa padziko lapansi zimawononga kwambiri zachilengedwe komanso anthu amene amadalira zinthuzo.' [5]. Mosiyana ndi izi: Pankhani ya kutulutsa kwazinthu, tikutsutsa kuti kuyenera kuwonjezeka padziko lonse lapansi pakusintha kwazachilengedwe monga chimaliziro cha Green New Deal:
"Mu kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, monga momwe tikuganizira, dongosololi silingakhale la kuchepa, koma kuthetsa kwathunthu ku Military-Industrial Complex (MIC). Kuzimiririka kwa MIC kumasula zinthu zambiri, makamaka zitsulo, kuti apange maziko opangira mphepo padziko lonse lapansi ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa. โ[6]
Olima akuluakulu amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi,[5, 7, 8] yomwe ndi mankhwala a imfa ya anthu ambiri, chifukwa idzawatsutsa ku umphawi wa mphamvu kuposa momwe amachitira panopa, komanso kuteteza kulengedwa kwa mphamvu ya mphepo / mphamvu ya dzuwa yofunikira kuti pakhale kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuchepetsa. Izi zingapangitse kuti zikhale zosatheka kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kutentha kwa dziko lapansi kwa 1.5 deg C, motero kuonjezera ngozi ya nyengo ndi zoopsa kwambiri kuposa momwe tikuonera.
Ndipo pomalizira pake amachirikiza cholinga cha moyo โwokhutiritsaโ kwa anthu ambiri okhala kumwera kwa dziko lonse, mosiyana ndi muyezo wapamwamba wa anthu ambiri kumpoto kwa dziko lonse, mโmalo mofuna ndi kupanga mapu a njira yopita ku dziko lapamwamba kwambiri. -ya-sayansi moyo amayembekezeka / khalidwe la moyo zotheka ana onse pa moyo wawo.[9, 10]
Kudzudzula kwakukula uku kuli ndi tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri pandondomeko ndi njira ya Global Green New Deal (GGND). M'nkhaniyi, pamene degrowthers mwanzeru amatsutsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu mphamvu zowononga mphamvu US, mu kusintha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, iwo ananenanso kuti padziko lonse ntchito mphamvu ayenera kutsika ndi mlingo kwambiri pa zaka zikubwerazi.[8, 11, 12] Ngati kudziwitsidwa mochulukira ndi ndondomeko yazachilengedwe, GGND iphatikiza kukula kwachuma, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida zopangira mphamvu yamphepo/dzuwa m'malo mwamafuta oyambira, kukonzanso zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe, zobiriwira ndi zina.
Olima akulephera kuzindikira kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kugwidwa bwino kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa yomwe imapanga mphepo/dzuwa ndi mphamvu yamafuta amafuta otsalira zakale chifukwa chosamvetsetsa za thermodynamics, makamaka lingaliro la entropy pakugawa kwawo kwa Georgescu-Roegen's (GR ) zolakwika zomwe zimatchedwa lamulo la 4, lomwe limagwirizanitsa machitidwe otseguka ndi otsekedwa pokhudzana ndi mphamvu ndi kusamutsidwa kwakukulu; dziko lapansi silinatsekeke koma lotseguka ku mphamvu zolowa ndi kutuluka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti lamulo lachinayi la GR lidakanidwa zaka makumi atatu zapitazo ngakhale akatswiri otsogola azachuma omwe adazindikira kuti ma radiation adzuwa omwe akubwera atha kukhala mphamvu yachitukuko chapadziko lonse lapansi.[13] Mphamvu yokwanira ya dzuwa / mphepo yapadziko lonse lapansi, yokulirapo kuposa momwe ikugwiritsidwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, imatha kuthetsa umphawi wamagetsi kukweza moyo wapadziko lonse lapansi mpaka pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndikupangitsa mphamvu zochepetsera nyengo ndikusintha. Kupitilira apo, mphamvu zongowonjezwdwazi zitha kutsogoza kutha kwa migodi yopangira migodi pokonzanso zinthu zachilengedwe zamakampani.[14]
Ziro zenizeni, osati "ziro zero," ndiyo njira yokhayo yokwaniritsira cholinga cha kutentha kwa 1.5 deg C chokhazikitsidwa ndi IPCC, mu GND yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono polimbikitsa ogwira ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi ogwirizana nawo (madera akumidzi, azimayi a ecofeminist). mayendedwe ndi anthu onse oponderezedwa padziko lonse lapansi) kuti awononge zolinga zachifumu za MIC ndikugonjetsa zida zakale zankhondo ndi zida zake zandale m'maboma. Panthawi imodzimodziyo likulu la "green" liyenera kutsutsidwa pomanga malamulo oyendetsera dziko lonse lapansi oyenera kuteteza chilengedwe, ogwira ntchito ndi anthu.
Extractivism ndivuto lenileni lomwe liyenera kukumana ndi mphepo / kusintha kwa dzuwa kuthetsa mafuta oyaka, kuti apange njira yolungama yomwe imateteza ufulu ndi thanzi la anthu amtundu wa dziko lonse lapansi, pamodzi ndi ogwira ntchito ndi anthu omwe akukhudzidwa. Pali mwayi waukulu wamtsogolo wochepetsera migodi pakusinthaku, monga kukonzanso zitsulo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zili mumafuta ndi zida zankhondo, m'malo mwa zinthu zosowa (mwachitsanzo, mabatire ogwiritsira ntchito NaS, Fe/air etc.), kukulitsa zoyendera anthu m'malo modalira kupanga mazana a mamiliyoni a magalimoto amagetsi. Panopa pali mphamvu zambiri zopulumutsa mphamvu pobwezeretsanso zitsulo m'malo mokumba miyala yake:
"Chitsulo cha aluminiyamu chobwezerezedwanso (mwachitsanzo, ngati zitini), chomwe chimatha kutsukidwa ndikusungunukanso, kupulumutsa 94% ya mphamvu zomwe zingafunike kupanga aluminiyumu kuchokera ku miyala .... zazitsulo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuzibwezeretsanso ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafunika kupangidwa ndi migodi yochulukirachulukira komanso kukonza zitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa kuchokera ku beryllium recycling ndi 80%, lead 75%, chitsulo ndi chitsulo 72%, ndi cadmium 50%.[15]
Pamene mphamvu zowonjezera zikukula padziko lonse lapansi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuzi kukonzanso kudzachepetsa kwambiri mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso migodi. Mwayi uwu umalimbikitsa kufunikira kwa kusintha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwwdwa mochulukidwa ndi ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, makamaka kuthetsa nkhondo padziko lonse lapansi ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
M'mapepala athu omwe adasindikizidwa posachedwa omwe akuwonetsa kusintha kwenikweni kwa ziro, titha kunena kuti pakutha kotheratu kugwiritsa ntchito malasha / gasi wachilengedwe m'zaka 10, komanso mafuta wamba m'zaka 20, mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yamphepo / dzuwa pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apano atha kupangidwa. zokwanira kuthetsa umphawi wa mphamvu ku South padziko lonse lapansi, ndikupereka njira zochepetsera nyengo ndi kusintha.[14] Kubwezeretsanso kwachilengedwe kwachilengedwe ndikusintha kwaulimi / ulimi wokonzanso ndikofunikira ndipo zithandizira kuchepetsa nyengo koma zidzachepetsedwa ndi kutentha kwamtsogolo mpaka 1.5 deg C chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ndi kudzaza kwa dziwe la carbon. Chifukwa chake, Direct Air Capture ya carbon dioxide ndi kusungidwa kosatha mu kutumphuka kudzafunikanso kukwaniritsa cholinga chotenthetserachi.
Pokambirana zokopa zomwe zikukumana ndi zovuta zomwe anthu akukumana nazo tsopano, a John Bellamy Foster akutero. โkuti tikufunika chuma chokonzekera mwa demokalase cha socialist chomwe chimatsindika njira zochepetsera mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa zinyalala ndi chiwonongeko; kuti dziko liyenera kupita ku milingo yofanana ya kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mphamvu kwa munthu aliyense, kwinakwake kufupi ndi mlingo wa Italy lerolino (kulola maiko osauka kuti agwire ntchitoyo.)โ[16]
Ndimagwirizana ndi malangizowa, ngati "njira zochepetsera mphamvu" zikutanthawuza kukwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni zaumunthu ndi chilengedwe ndi mphamvu yochepa yofunikira. Kupitilira apo, kuyerekeza kwathu kofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa munthu aliyense pothetsa umphawi wapadziko lonse lapansi kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi momwe dziko la Italy limagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu pamunthu aliyense, pafupifupi 3 mpaka 3.4 kW pa munthu aliyense, ndipo gawo lomalizali limachokera ku data yamphamvu yomwe isanachitike mliri. ya 2019, ndikuwona kuchepa kwa 10 peresenti mu 2020.[3, 14, 17] Dziwani kuti dziko la Italy lili pa nambala 6 pa nthawi ya moyo wa mayiko padziko lapansi.[18] Potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu okwana 9 biliyoni komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 30%, tikukonzekera cholinga chapadziko lonse lapansi chakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu 2050 chofanana ndi mphamvu ya 19 TW, yofanana ndi yomwe ilipo. Komabe, mphamvu zowonjezera zidzafunikanso kuchepetsa nyengo ndi kusintha komanso kuthana ndi zovuta zina zomwe zingapangitse cholingachi kuti chisapitirire 1.5 nthawi yomwe ilipo, mwachitsanzo, 29 TW. [14]
Foster akupitilira:
"Chifukwa chake, ntchito ya Hickel (pamodzi ndi ya Andreas Malm ndi ena) imatchulidwa mu Gawo 3 lomwe latulutsidwa la IPCC. Kuwunika kwachisanu ndi chimodzi monga kusonyeza kuthekera kwa njira zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zochepa, zowonedwa monga chiyembekezo chachikulu tsopano cha kukhala pansi pa chiwonjezeko cha 1.5ยฐC pa avareji ya kutentha kwapadziko lonse, ndi kupereka zifukwa ponena za kusakhazikika kwa ukapitalist.โ[19]
ndipo,
"Chiyembekezo chenicheni m'zaka zomwe zikubwera posachedwa, lipoti la 'Mitigation Report' lomwe linatulutsidwa, ndilo njira zochepetsera mphamvu, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 40 peresenti, pamene panthaลตi imodzimodziyo kuwongolera mkhalidwe waumunthu."[20]
Komabe, m'malo mochepetsa 40 peresenti, kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi pamlingo wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ku Italy tsopano monga olimbikitsa a Foster kudzachititsa "kuwongolera chikhalidwe cha anthu" pothetsa umphawi wapadziko lonse lapansi m'zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi za zana lino, ndikumakumana ndi 1.5 deg. Cholinga cha kutentha kwa C chidzafuna mphamvu zambiri kuposa momwe tafotokozera kale.
Popeza GDP yatsutsidwa mogwira mtima ndi olima ngati gawo lazachuma chokhazikika, pomwe pozindikira zovuta zazikulu zachuma chapamwamba cha GDP chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi chuma chambiri, kuchuluka kwa GDP palokha sikungowonetsa kukula kwachuma kosavomerezeka. Kusanthula koyenera ndikofunikira. Kodi zigawo za chuma zomwe zimayang'anira GDP zikuthandizira kukula kwachuma komwe kumafunikira kuthana ndi zosowa za anthu ndi chilengedwe kapena zikulimbikitsa chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha tsoka lanyengo ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe? Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti kuchepetsa kukula kwachuma kuchokera ku zotsatira zoyipa pakukula kwachuma mu GGND kudzakwaniritsidwa pang'ono pokhapokha ngati kusintha kwamphamvu kwa chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu kuchitike. Chifukwa chake sizodabwitsa kuti kutha kwachuma mu capitalist kwakhala kocheperako kwambiri.[21]
Pali zitsanzo zingapo za zochitika zochepetsera kuchepa kwa mphamvu zochepa.[22] Amadziwika ndi GDP yotsika, palibe ukadaulo wotulutsa mpweya woipa kupatula kukulitsa malo ogulitsa kaboni, komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Tikutsutsa kuti ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito achoka ku South padziko lonse lapansi ndi umphawi wa mphamvu, ndi dziko lapansi lokhala ndi mphamvu zosakwanira padziko lonse lapansi zochepetsera nyengo ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, zomwe zingayambitse kuphwanya cholinga cha kutentha kwa 1.5 deg C. Mosiyana ndi izi, zomwe tikuchita zikhala ndi GDP yapakatikati mpaka yokwera kwambiri, kupanga mphamvu yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi yamphepo/dzuwa, ndipo mphamvu yokwanira yamphepo/dzuwa ikakhazikitsidwa kukhazikitsidwa kwamphamvu kwa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide/kusungidwa kosatha mu kutumphuka. [14]
Foster amazindikiritsa momveka bwino udindo wa ngongole za chilengedwe.
"Kuphatikiza apo, mtolo m'nthawi yathu ino uyenera kuyikidwa makamaka m'maiko olemera, popeza ndi omwe agwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ali ndi chuma chambiri pamunthu aliyense, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri kwa munthu aliyense, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mpweya wa carbon. mapazi pa munthu aliyense, komanso kulamulira zambiri zaukadaulo. Dongosolo lalikulu la capitalist ku Global North ndilomwe limayambitsa kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide yomwe idasonkhanitsidwa mumlengalenga kuyambira pa Industrial Revolution. Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa wapadziko lonse lapansi wapadziko lonse lapansi kumapezeka m'mabizinesi mazana angapo padziko lonse lapansi komanso ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo. Zonsezi zikugogomezera kuti maiko olemera achikapitalist omwe ali pakati pa dongosolo ladziko lapansi ali ndi ngongole ya chilengedwe ku dziko lonse lapansi.โ[23]
GGND wa ecosocialist ali ndi kuthekera kotsogolera njira yopita communism yamagetsi ya solar m'zaka za zana la 21,[24, 6, 25] ndi Solarcommunicene. [26] Foster ndi Clark adatchula zaka za post-Capitalinian (dziko lolamulidwa ndi kuberekana kwakukulu) zaka Wakomyunizimu.[27]
zolemba
[1] Matt Huber 2021, Lifestyle Environmentalism Sidzapambana Ogwira Ntchito, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/08/lifestyle-environmentalism-will-neveโฆ.
[2] Matt Huber 2021, Climate Doom Sidzapulumutsa Dziko, https://www.jacobinmag.com/ 2021/07/working-class-vision-climate-change-green-new-deal.
[3] Peter Schwartzman ndi David Schwartzman 2019, Dziko Lapansi Silikugulitsidwa: Njira Yochokera ku Fossil Capitalism kupita ku Dziko Lina Lomwe Ndilothekabe.. Singapore: Sayansi Yadziko Lonse.
[4] George Monbiot 2019, Vuto Ndi Capitalism, https://www.monbiot.com /2019/04/30/vuto-ndi-kapitalizimu.
[5] Giorgos Kallis 2019, Socialism Popanda Kukula. Capitalism Nature Socialism 30 (3): p.192.
[6] p.42, David Schwartzman ndi Salvatore Engel Di Mauro 2019, A Response to Giorgios Kallis' Notions of Socialism and Growth, Capitalism Nature Socialism, 30 (3): 40-51.
[7] Giorgos Kallis 2019, Capitalism, Socialism, Degrowth: A Rejoinder. Capitalism Nature Socialism 30 (3): 266-272.
[8] Jason Hickel 2020, Yankho kwa Pollin ndi Chomsky: Tikufuna Green New Deal popanda kukula, https://www.jasonhickel.org/blog/2020/10/19/we-need-a-green-new-deal-wiโฆ.
[9] David Schwartzman 2020, A Critique of Degrowth: Ecosocialist Alternative, http://www.globalecosocialistnetwork.net/2020/12/17/a-critique-of-degroโฆ.
[10] David Schwartzman 2021, Cuba ndi Degrowth?, http://www.globalecosocialistnetwork.net/2021/07/13/cuba-and-degrowth/.
[11] Riccardo Mastini et al. 2020, Kuti Ntchito Yatsopano Yobiriwira Igwire Ntchito, Iyenera Kukana "Kukula", https://inthesetimes.com/article/green-new-deal-decarbonization-economiโฆ.
[12] Juan Bordera ndi Fernando Prieto 2021, The IPCC imawona kugwa kukhala chinsinsi chochepetsera kusintha kwanyengo (Google Translation kuchokera ku Spanish), https://ctxt.es/es/20210801/Politica/36900 /IPCC-cambio-climatico-colapso-medioambiental-decrecimiento.htm.
[13] Mwachitsanzo, Robert Ayres 1998, Eco-thermodynamics: zachuma ndi lamulo lachiwiri. Ecological Economics 26: 189-209.
[14] Peter Schwartzman ndi David Schwartzman 2021, Kodi cholinga cha kutentha kwa 1.5 โ chingakwaniritsidwe pakusintha kwapadziko lonse kupita ku 100% mphamvu zowonjezera? AIMS Energy 9 (6): 1170-1191, doi:10.3934/energy.2021054.
[Chithunzi patsamba 15] AGI nd, American Geosciences Institute. Kodi kubwezeretsanso kumapulumutsa bwanji mphamvu? https://www.americangeosciences.org/critical-issues/faq/how-does-recyclโฆ, zolemba zaposachedwa kwambiri: 2019.
[16] John Bellamy Foster et al. 2021, Against Doomsday Scenarios: Zoyenera Kuchita Tsopano? Ndemanga ya Mwezi uliwonse 73 (7): p. 10.
[17] Magwero a deta ku Italy: BP 2021, p.10; https://worldpopulationreview.com.
[18] UNDP ya 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy.
[19] John Bellamy Foster et al. 2021 p.12.
[20] John Bellamy Foster et al. 2021 p.14.
[21] Jason Hickel 2018, Chifukwa chiyani kukula sikungakhale kobiriwira, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/09/12/why-growth-cant-be-green/.
[22] Mwachitsanzo, Arnulf Grubler et al. 2018, Kuchepa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu pakukwaniritsa cholinga cha 1.5 ยฐC ndi zolinga zachitukuko chokhazikika popanda ukadaulo woyipa wotulutsa mpweya. Chilengedwe Mphamvu 3: 515-527; Lorenz T. Keyรer ndi Manfred Lenzen 2021, zochitika zakugwa kwa 1.5 ยฐC zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa njira zatsopano zochepetsera. N / Akuti Comm. 12: 2676, doi.:10.1038/s41467-021-22884-9.
[23] John Bellamy Foster et al. 2021. p.14-15.
[24] David Schwartzman 1996, Solar Communism. Science & Society 60 (3): 307-331.
[25}Matt Huber 2020, Chikominisi Chamagetsi: Kupitilira Kufunika Kwa Mphamvu Kusintha. Mu: Lenin150 (Samizdat), Hjalmar Jorge Joffre-Eichhorn (ed.) Hamburg, Germany: KickAss Books, pp.187-199.
[26] David Schwartzman 2020, Kawonedwe ka Ecosocialist pa Gaia 2.0: Dziko Lina Lomwe Lili Lothekabe. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 31 (2): 40-49.
[27] John Bellamy Foster ndi Brett Clark 2021, The Capitalinian. Ndemanga ya Mwezi uliwonse 73 (4): 1-16.
David W. Schwartzman akulemba za mphamvu ya dzuwa. Ndi Pulofesa Emeritus, Howard University (USA), komanso membala wa Green Party yaku USA ndi mabungwe ena ammudzi. Zolemba zake zimapezeka patsamba Solar Utopia ndi Dziko Lapansi Siligulitsa masamba awebusayiti.
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Sindikukhutitsidwa ndi nkhaniyi, makamaka popeza ikuphatikiza zonena zopanda pake monga kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kungayambitse kufa kwa anthu ambiri.
Mwachionekere, zaka 25 zapitazo pamene tinali kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosakwana theka la mphamvu zimene tikugwiritsa ntchito lerolino, aliyense sanakhale wakufa ndipo palibe chifukwa chimene aliyense akanafa ngati titakonzanso dziko lathu mโnjira imene inathetsa mitundu yopusa kwambiri ya mphamvu. kumwa. Komanso kubwezeretsanso kumathandizira pang'onopang'ono pamene mukugwira ntchito pakukula komwe zaka 23 zilizonse timagwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri kuposa m'mbiri yonse ya anthu kuphatikizidwa kotero ngakhale titabwezeretsanso chilichonse, titha kuwirikiza kawiri kutulutsa kwazinthu zaka 23 zilizonse ndikuzichotsa. zomwe zikuchitika panopa zikudutsa kale mumagulu onse okhazikika.