AMY GOODMAN: Zinali zaka 50 zapitazo, May 4, 1961, pamene magulu osakanikirana a ophunzira akuda ndi oyera adakwera mabasi awiri a anthu onse kuchokera ku Washington, DC, ndipo ankafuna kuti akafike ku New Orleans patatha milungu iwiri. Anali kuika miyoyo yawo pachiswe pofuna kutsutsa tsankho. Iwo ankadzitcha okha Okwera Ufulu.
Pulezidenti Obama wapereka chilengezo cholemekeza May 2011 monga chikumbutso cha 50th Freedom Rides ndipo adapempha anthu a ku America kuti azikondwerera kumenyera ufulu wawo pa nthawi yomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe.
Eya, mu December 1960, Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri linalengeza za tsankho losagwirizana ndi malamulo a mโzoyendera za anthu onse, mโmasiteshoni a mabasi ndi masitima apamtunda. Koma ngakhale chigamulochi, malamulo oyendayenda a Jim Crow adagwirabe ntchito kumwera konse. Patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ophunzira khumi ndi awiri akuda ndi oyera adaganiza zotsutsa malamulo akudera la Deep South ndikuyesa kudzipereka kwa oyang'anira Kennedy ku ufulu wachibadwidwe.
Zolemba zatsopano za wolemba filimu wopambana mphoto Stanley Nelson akufotokoza nkhani ya zomwe zidachitikira ophunzira olimba mtimawa m'masiku ndi masabata angapo otsatirawa ndi momwe adalimbikitsira ena ambiri kuti alowe nawo mu Freedom Rides ndipo potsirizira pake apambana pakugawa zoyendera za anthu onse. Zolembazo zinayamba ku Sundance Film Festival mu 2010. Zolemba, zotchedwa The Freedom Riders, idzawulutsidwa pa PBS's American Experience Pa 16 Meyi.
Tikutembenukira pompano kwa Stanley Nelson, wopanga mafilimu wopambana Mphotho ya Academy, kuti tikambirane za filimu yake.
STANLEY NELSON: Mu 1961, anthu 12, onse akuda ndi oyera, anasankha kuti ayese malamulo a tsankho a Kumโmwera mwa kungokwera basi, mabasi a Greyhound ndi mabasi a Trailways, ndi kutsika kumโmwera. Ndipo azungu ndi akuda ankakhala limodzi kutsogolo kwa basiyo. Ankadyera limodzi mโmalesitilanti mโmasiteshoni a basi. Azungu ankagwiritsa ntchito zimbudzi za anthu achikuda okha, ndipo anthu akuda ankagwiritsa ntchito zimbudzi za azungu okha. Ndipo ankangoona zimene zidzawachitikire. Ndipo analibe chitetezo cha apolisi, palibe chitetezo cha ankhondo, makina osindikizira ochepa kwambiri pamene iwo anayamba, ndipo iwo sankadziwa kuti izo zikanakhaladi gulu ili.
AMY GOODMAN: Ndipo kotero, panaliโkulankhula za Makwerero osiyanasiyana amene anapita pansi ndi zimene zinachitika kwa aliyense.
STANLEY NELSON: Chabwino, anthu khumi ndi awiri oyambirira anamenyedwa kwambiri ku Anniston ndi Birmingham kotero kuti anayenera kusiya, anayenera kusiya.
JANIE FORSYTHE McKINNEY: Chitseko chinatseguka, ndipo anthu anangotayika pabwalo. Anali akupunthwa wina ndi mzake chifukwa anali kudwala kwambiri ndipo ankafunika kupuma mpweya.
MAE FRANCES MOULTRIE: Sindingakuuzeni ngati ndidatsika basi kapena ndakwawa kapena ngati wina wandikoka.
HANK THOMAS: Nditatsika basi, bambo wina anabwera kwa ine, ndipo ndinali kutsokomola ndi kunyonga. Iye anati, โMnyamata, uli bwino?โ Ndipo ine ndinagwedeza mutu wanga. Ndipo chinthu chotsatira chimene ine ndinachidziwa, ine ndinali pansi. Anandimenya ndi gawo la bati ya baseball.
MOSE NEWSOM: Anthu anali kulira, ndipo anali kukwawa pansi. Iwo ankayesetsa kuchotsa utsiwo mโzifuwa zawo. Zinali chabe zochitika zowopsya, zowopsya, zowopsya, zowopsya.
JANIE FORSYTHE McKINNEY: Zinali zoipa. Zinali ngati chochitika cha ku gehena. Kunali kuzunzika koipitsitsa kumene sindinamvepo.
STANLEY NELSON: Koma kenako mafunde ena a Riders adatsika kuchokera ku Nashville omwe ambiri anali ophunzira ku Nashville. Ndipo iwo anatsika, ndipo iwo analiโiwo potsiriza, pambuyo pa kukwera kwina mu Montgomery, anakafika ku Jackson, Mississippi, kumene iwo anaikidwa mu ndende. Iwo anaikidwa mโndende yoipitsitsa kwambiri ku South, Parchman Penitentiary, yomwe ndi ndende imene timaidziwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera ndi maunyolo ndi unyolo. Ndipo adayikidwa mu Parchman.
Ndipo bwanamkubwa, Ross Barnett, waku Mississippi ankaganiza kuti zimenezo zikanathyola kumbuyo kwa Freedom Rides. Koma ndiye panali kuyitana kwa okwera Ufulu ambiri, ndipo zinatha pa 400 Freedom Riders anabwera kuchokera ku dziko lonse, ndipo iwo anakhala ngati anadzaza ndende ku Mississippi. Ndipo potsiriza, zizindikiro m'malo okwerera mabasi ndi masitima apamtunda omwe amati "oyera okha" ndi "amitundu okha" adatsitsidwa chifukwa cha Ufulu Wokwera.
AMY GOODMAN: Udindo wa Purezidenti Kennedy, wa Attorney General Robert Kennedy, mchimwene wake?
STANLEY NELSON: O, chinthu chimodzi chosangalatsa kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi chakuti a Kennedy si a Kennedy omwe timawadziwa pambuyo pake. Mukudziwa, iwo sanateroโanafuna kunyalanyaza gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe. Iwo anali osumika maganizo kwambiri pa malamulo akunja, ndipo iwo anali akuwonekadi ku South opatukana.
RAY ARSENAULT: Zinali zoonekeratu kuti atsogoleri omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe amayenera kuchita chinthu chodabwitsa, chodabwitsa, kuti apeze chidwi cha a Kennedys. Kotero ilo linali lingaliro kumbuyo kwa Ufulu wa Rides, kuti ayese-kwenikweni kukakamiza boma la feduro kuchita zomwe limayenera kuchita ndikuwona ngati ufulu wawo walamulo udzatetezedwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka Kennedy.
STANLEY NELSON: Ndipo a South adavotera mwamphamvu Democratic, kotero iwo anali kuyesera momwe angathere kuti asachoke mu Freedom Rides, mukudziwa, ndipo iwo ankangokhalira kuchirikizidwa ndi kuchirikizidwa ndi kuchirikiza, komwe potsiriza kunali kuzingidwa kochititsa chidwi kumeneku tchalitchi ku Montgomery, komwe a Freedom Riders ndi anthu akumaloko, makamaka akuda, adabwera kudzakumana. Panali anthu 1,500 omwe anatsekeredwa mโtchalitchichi ndi gulu la anthu oposa 3,000, omwe ankayatsa moto, kutembenuza magalimoto. Ndipo potsirizaโiwo anatsekeredwa kumeneko mpaka cha mโma 2:00 kapena 3:00 koloko mโmawa, ndipo pomalizira pake magulu ankhondo a feduro anaitanidwa, ndipo iyo inali njira yokha imene iwo anapulumutsidwira ku tchalitchi.
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