T
he
miyezi iwiri yapitayi ndakhala ndikuphunzitsa maphunziro a mutu wakuti “Miliri
ndi Ndale: Mmene Edzi Imakhudzira Chikhalidwe cha US.” Ndiye liti
mkangano wandale wokhudza kulondola kwa mbiri ya "The Reagans" - the
CBS mini-mndandanda, ndi James Brolin ndi Judy Davis, amene anali
adachoka pamndandanda wa netiweki ndikuponyera mu chingwe chawo
tulukani-ndinagunda mitu yomwe ndidachita chidwi kuwona iyi
madandaulo akulu anali kuti zolemba zoyambirira (palibe amene ali nazo
adawona mtundu womaliza wa mndandanda) akutsutsa Purezidenti Reagan
kusalolera zipembedzo ndi tsankho kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mu chochitika
momwe Nancy akufunsa Ron kuti achitepo kanthu kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi,
akuyankha kuti, “Iwo amene akhala mu uchimo adzafa
mu uchimo.”
Elizabeth
Egloff, yemwe adalemba script, wavomereza kuti Reagan's
yankho ndilopeka ndipo, ndithudi, Reagan sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri
malingaliro achipembedzo kapena mafanizo m'zochitika zandale. Chiwonetsero cha
otsutsa anena mfundo yamphamvu, yodziwika - kukhala ndi Ronald Reagan
gwiritsani ntchito chilankhulo cha Chikhristu chokhazikika kufotokoza chifukwa chake
Administration sanachite chilichonse kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zoyambirira za
Mliri wa Edzi ndi wosasamala komanso wosocheretsa.
kuchokera
chilichonse chomwe tingathe kudziwa kuchokera ku mbiri yakale, ya Reagan
chipembedzo, malingaliro, kapena zikhulupiriro zinalibe kanthu kochita nazo
kuyankha kwake pandale ku mliri wa Edzi. Ndondomeko zake zowopsya
zadzetsa zolepheretsa zazikulu za sayansi ya HIV/AIDS ndi kafukufuku, tsankho
motsutsana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi, komanso kusowa kwa njira zonse zofikira anthu
ntchito zopewera kapena zamaphunziro, zonse zikuwonjezera zomwe zidachitika kale
kuchuluka kwa kufa kwamphamvu. Mfundo zake pa Edzi zinali zotulukapo za
kusayanjanitsika, kunyozedwa, umbuli wodzipangira tokha, ndi kutengera ndale
kudera lachipembezo la Republican komanso lachipembedzo
chimenecho chinali chokonzanso osati chipani chokha, komanso dziko la US
ndale.
ngakhale
Edzi idalembedwa koyamba m'manyuzipepala ndi manyuzipepala otchuka mu 1981.
munali kokha mu October 1987 pamene Pulezidenti Reagan analankhula poyera
za mliri. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chimenecho anthu 59,572 anali ndi Edzi
27,909 mwa akazi ndi amunawo adamwalira. Zingatheke bwanji
izi zikuchitika? Kodi Reagan sananene chilichonse? Chitani chilichonse?
The
Zomwe olamulira a Reagan amachita pa Edzi ndizovuta ndipo zimapita
kuposa kukana kwa Reagan kuyankhula za mliriwu.
Mphamvu zake zambiri zidabadwa mwatsopano Christian Republican
anthu odziletsa omwe adalandira ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe cha anthu yomwe ikuphatikizapo
kudana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha koopsa. Muzofalitsa, anthu ngati Reverends
Pat Robertson ndi Jerry Falwell adawonetsa anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati odwala
ochimwa ndi kulimbikitsa lingaliro lakuti AIDS chinali chilango chochokera kwa Mulungu
komanso kuti gulu lomenyera ufulu wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha liyenera kuyimitsidwa. Mu Republican
Phwando, okonda kumanja achangu, monga Woimira William Dannenmeyer
(CA) ndi Senator Jesse Helms (R-NC), adalimbikitsanso uthenga womwewu.
Mu Reagan White House, anthu monga Mlembi wa Maphunziro
William Bennett ndi Gary Bauer, mlangizi wake wamkulu wapakhomo, anagwira ntchito
kuzikhazikitsa mundondomeko za Ulamuliro.
In
Izi zikutanthauza kuti kafukufuku wa Edzi anali wochepa kwambiri.
Pamene madokotala ku Centers for Disease Control and the National
Institute for Health idapempha ndalama zowonjezera pantchito yawo yolimbana ndi Edzi,
adakanidwa mwachizolowezi. Pakati pa June 1981 ndi May 1982, a
CDC idawononga ndalama zosakwana $1 miliyoni pa Edzi, koma $9 miliyoni pa Legionnaire's
Matenda. Panthaŵiyo, oposa 1,000 mwa anthu 2,000 a AIDS ananenedwa
kumabweretsa imfa; panali anthu osakwana 50 omwe anafa ndi a Legionnaire
Matenda. Kusowa kwandalama kwakukuluku kukapitilirabe kudzera mu
Reagan zaka.
Liti
magulu azaumoyo ndi othandizira m'magulu a gay adayambitsa maphunziro
ndi mapulogalamu oletsa, adakanidwa ndalama za federal. Mu October
1987 Jesse Helms adasintha lamulo la federal lomwe limaletsa
Maphunziro a Edzi omwe “amalimbikitsa kapena kulimbikitsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha
ntchito”(ndiko kunena kuti, auzeni amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha momwe angagone motetezeka).
Liti
pafupifupi malingaliro onse azachipatala adatsutsana ndi kuyezetsa kovomerezeka kwa HIV
(popeza zingathamangitse omwe ali pachiwopsezo kuti asayesedwe) ndi
ACLU ndi Lambda Legal Defense anali kulimbana ndi tsankho
anthu omwe ali ndi HIV / Edzi, aku Republican monga Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti George
Bush mu 1987 ndi William Dannenmeyer (mu referendum ya boma la California
mu 1988) adayitanitsa kuyezetsa kovomerezeka kwa kachirombo ka HIV.
mu
zonsezi Ronald Reagan sanachite kanthu. Pamene Rock Hudson, bwenzi
ndi mnzake wa Reagan's, adapezeka ndikufa mu 1985
(imodzi mwa milandu 20,740 yomwe idanenedwa chaka chimenecho), Reagan sanatero
lankhulani. Pamene bwenzi banja William F. Buckley, mu March 18,
1986
New York Times
nkhani, yoyitanidwa kuti ikhale yovomerezeka
kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV ndipo adanena kuti amuna omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV + ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso ichi
kujambulidwa mokakamiza pamatako awo (ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a IV pawo
mikono), Reagan sananene kanthu. Mu 1986 (pambuyo pa zaka zisanu zatha
chete) pamene Dokotala wamkulu wa Opaleshoni C. Everett Koop anatulutsa lipoti
kuyitanitsa maphunziro a Edzi m'masukulu, Bennett ndi Bauer adachita chilichonse
zotheka kuchepetsa ndikuletsa ndalama za Koop zochepa kwambiri
mochedwa kwambiri. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1986, matenda a Edzi okwana 37,061 anali
lipoti; Anthu 16,301 adamwalira.
The
nthawi yosaiwalika ya Reagan AIDS inali pazaka 1986 zopatuliranso
wa Statue of Liberty. A Reagan analipo atakhala motsatira
kwa Prime Minister waku France ndi mkazi wake, Francois ndi Danielle
Mitterrand. Bob Hope anali pa siteji kusangalatsa omvera a nyenyezi zonse.
Pakatikati pa gulu limodzi, Hope adaseka, "Ine basi
anamva kuti Statue of Liberty ali ndi Edzi, koma alibe
dziwani ngati adachipeza pakamwa pa Hudson kapena Staten Island
Fairy." Pamene kamera ya kanema wawayilesi ikuyang'ana omvera, a Mitterrands
adawoneka okhumudwa. A Reagan anali kuseka. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1989,
Amayi ndi abambo 115,786 adapezeka ndi Edzi ku United States
Mayiko—oposa 70,000 a iwo anali atamwalira.
The
Chiwonetsero cha Republican motsutsana ndi "The Reagans" sichinthu kwenikweni
kuposa chiwonetsero choyipa cha ndale chokhala ndi anthu okonda kusinthasintha
minofu yawo (ndi kuwopseza kunyalanyazidwa kwachuma) kuteteza awo
mbiri yakale. Makanema a kanema wawayilesi, ngakhale amodzi omwe ali mkati
mbiri yakale, mwachibadwa ndi ntchito yomasulira,
mfundo yomwe ikuwoneka kuti yathawa otsutsa. Koma chodabwitsa
ndikuti madandaulo awo okhudza Ronald Regan akutchedwa anti-gay
chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zake zachipembedzo, pomwe zili zolakwika, ndi wowolowa manja
kutanthauzira. Zikuwonekeratu kuti Reagan sachitapo kanthu panthawiyi
zaka khumi zoyambirira za mliri wa Edzi zinali chifukwa chakusayanjanitsika,
kusasamala, ndi umbombo wa ulamuliro wandale. Mwanjira ina,
Ndimagwirizana ndi omwe adatsutsa "The Reagans" -CBS
akanatiuza zoona.
Michael
Bronski ndi wotsutsa komanso wolemba. Buku lake laposachedwapa ndi
Pulp
Kuphatikiza
.