Lois Ahrens ndiye woyambitsa/wotsogolera wa The Real Cost of Prisons Project (RCPP) ndipo wakhala wolimbikitsa anthu / wokonzekera zaka zoposa 40. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 2001, RCPP imabweretsa pamodzi omenyera chilungamo, akatswiri ojambula, akatswiri ofufuza za chilungamo ndi anthu omwe akukumana ndi zotsatira za kumangidwa kwaunyinji kuti agwire ntchito limodzi kuthetsa vutoli.
Mazana a mabungwe kuzungulira dzikolo amagwiritsa ntchito comix mu zokambirana, kufalitsa, ndi kukonza ndipo 135,000 asindikizidwa, pamene oposa 115,000 atumizidwa, kwaulere, kumabungwe ndi zikwi za anthu omwe ali m'ndende ndi m'ndende. (Chifukwa chosowa ndalama,
Mu 2008, ma comix atatuwa adasindikizidwa mu anthology, yolembedwa ndi Ahrens, yotchedwa Mtengo weniweni wa Prisons Comix, (PM Press, 2008). Kudzera mu RCPP, Ahrens wakhala ndi mwayi wopanga makalata ambiri ndi akaidi, zomwe zakula kukhala maubwenzi ogwira ntchito ndi mabwenzi. Mu
Lois Ahrens: Poyambirira, cholinga changa chinali kupanga zipangizo zothandiza kwa okonza ntchito kuti azitsutsa ndikusintha ndondomeko za mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zowononga, otsutsa omwe amatsutsa kumanga ndende zatsopano ndi ndende, komanso aphunzitsi, ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo. Titasindikiza mabuku azithunzithunzizo, tinazindikira kuti akaidi anali okondweretsedwa kwambiri. Mabuku azithunzithunzi akhala akutumizidwa kwa akaidi tsiku lililonse kuyambira April 2005, ndipo ambiri ankapempha kuti mabuku azithunzithunzi atumizidwe kwa achibale ndi akaidi ena.
Mabuku azithunzithunzi amayika zochitika za munthu pazandale pofotokoza momwe ndende imamangidwira pa tsankho, tsankho, komanso kusalingana kwachuma. Amaphatikizapo njira zina zomwe zilipo panopa kuti owerenga athe kukonza njira ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti asinthe mosasamala kanthu komwe ali. Cholinga cha mabuku azithunzithunzi ndikuchita ndale.
Kodi munayamba mwakumanapo ndi vuto kuchokera kwa akuluakulu andende potumiza mabuku azithunzithunzi kwa akaidi?
Inde. Ndikuganiza izi ngati "nkhanza za chipinda cha makalata." Nthawi zambiri munthu wogwira ntchito m'chipinda cha makalata amatumizanso mabuku azithunzithunzi. Nthawi zambiri, ndapeza kuti ndende zachigawo ndizoipitsitsa kwambiri potembenuza mabuku azithunzithunzi. Kwa akaidi omwe ali mu "kulekanitsa kwa utsogoleri" nthawi zambiri pamakhala malamulo oletsa kulandira zipangizo. Chifukwa Mtengo Weniweni Wandende ndi amene amasindikiza mabuku azithunzithunzi, nthawi zambiri, pambuyo pa foni kapena kalata yodandaula, mabuku azithunzithunzi amalowa. ndende mkati mwa dongosolo limenelo kumene iwo alandiridwa. Ndimachita apilo kukana kulikonse.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ndende za amayi ndizoyenera kubwezera mabuku azithunzithunzi. Komabe, ndikangolemba ndikunena kuti ndende ya amuna a mโchigawo chimenecho yawalandira, amalowa.
M'buku lanu Mtengo weniweni wa Prisons Comix, Munalemba kuti โchaka chilichonse kuyambira 1947 mpaka kuchiyambi kwa ma 1970, anthu pafupifupi 200,000 anali kutsekeredwa mโndende.
M'misonkhano yomwe tidapanga koyamba, m'maphunziro athu, komanso m'mabuku azithunzithunzi, tidafuna kupanga chithunzithunzi chachikulu cha momwe tafikira kumalo ano. Kuti tichite izi, ndikuganiza kuti tikuyenera kumvetsetsa momwe Ronald Reagan ndi ndondomeko ya neo-liberal inayamba kulamulira mu 1980 pogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga obisala komanso omveka a tsankho, kupanga nthano za mfumukazi yaufulu, kugwiritsira ntchito mantha a kuvomereza, kusokoneza. zomwe zapindula m'magulu omenyera ufulu wachibadwidweโmakamaka ufulu wovotaโpamene akulimbikitsa za kufalikira kwa umbanda.
Kusankhana mitundu kwa ndale za neo-liberal kudachita bwino kuvomereza kumangidwa kwa anthu ambiri pomwe nthawi imodzi kumapanga malamulo ndi mafakitale kwa apolisi, kutsutsa, kutsekereza, ndikuwongolera mamiliyoni a anthu - pafupifupi anthu onse osauka ndi amitundu.
Ndondomeko za Neo-liberal zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zopitilira 30. Chotsatira chake anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti ndale ndi zachuma zomwe tili nazo panopa ndi zotsatira za malingaliro opangidwa mwadongosolo omwe afalikira mbali zonse za moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchepetsa ndi kudalirana kwa mayiko kwachititsa: kutayika kwa kupanga kwa US chifukwa cha ntchito zakunja; ulimi wamakampani ndi kutha kwa famu yabanja; kuchepetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito; kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito m'magulu; kugulitsa zipatala, madzi, maphunziro, ndende, ndi asilikali; Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa ndalama zomwe anthu amawononga pothandiza anthu, masukulu aboma, zoyendera za anthu onse, nyumba, ndi maphunziro a ntchito. Ndondomekozi zapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu pachuma.
Ma Democrat ndi ma Republican adathandizira "mkuntho wabwino kwambiri" uwu. Adathamanga ndikupambana pamapulatifomu "olimba pazachiwembu" ndikukhazikitsa malamulo omwe apangitsa kuti munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 31 akhale pansi pa chala chachikulu chamilandu.
Thandizo la mabungwe ofalitsa nkhani pa kayendetsedwe ka ndende lachokera ku kukulitsa mantha a anthu mwa kufotokoza mopambanitsa za umbanda mpaka kuwonetsa akaidi ngati oponderezedwa ndi mwayi. Mabuku azithunzithunzi amapereka nkhani yotsutsa yofunikira. Cholinga chachikulu cha mabuku azithunzithunzi chakhala chomwe chimatchedwa "nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo." Nโchifukwa chiyani mukuona kuti nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri?
Mwa anthu opitilira 2.4 miliyoni omwe adamangidwa, oposa miliyoni imodzi ndi Afirika ku America. Amuna ndi akazi pafupifupi 5 miliyoni ali pamiyezi ndipo ali pa parole, chiwerengero chochulukirachulukira chifukwa cha โnkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.โ Malinga ndi lipoti la Pew Report mโMarch 2009, โMmodzi mwa anthu 11 a ku Africa kuno akulamulidwa ndi chilango, mmodzi pa anthu 27 a ku Latinos, ndipo mmodzi mwa azungu 45 ali mโndende, mโndende, kapena akuyangโaniridwa ndi aphungu.โ
Nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo imaphatikizapo apolisi ankhanza, nkhokwe zapakati za anthu omwe adayimitsidwa ndikuwombedwa popanda chifukwa, makamera oyang'anira m'misewu ndi nyumba, apolisi kapena chitetezo m'masukulu, magulu a SWAT a madera ang'onoang'ono ngati 25,000, komanso ziganizo zazitali komanso zolanga.
Anthu aku America aku America ndi 13 peresenti ya anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwezi uliwonse, 37 peresenti ya omangidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, 56 peresenti ya milandu yokhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi 74 peresenti ya omwe adaweruzidwa kundende chifukwa chokhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pali ziganizo zovomerezeka zopezeka pamilandu ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kugamula kopanda malire pa crack vs powder cocaine. Pambuyo pazaka zokonzekera motsutsana ndi izi, kusiyana kwachigamulo pakati pa crack ndi powder cocaine kwasintha kuchoka pa 100 kufika pa 1 mpaka 18 kufika ku 1, popanda kubwerezabwereza kwa iwo omwe adapezeka kale olakwa pansi pa lamulo lakale (80 peresenti ya anthu omwe adaweruzidwa kuti aziimba milandu ya crack ndi African American. ).
Kodi zotulukapo za kutsekeredwa kwaunyinji kumeneku, kosonkhezeredwa ndi nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo zakhala zotani?
Zotsatira zake kwa anthu pawokha, mabanja, ndi madera ndi zazikulu, zochulukirapo, komanso zokhalitsa. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Dina Rose ndi Todd Clear, mโmadera a ku Amereka Achiafirika kumene 15 mpaka 20 peresenti ya achikulire ali mโndende, kukhazikika kwa chitaganya kumafooketsa, kumabweretsa upandu wochuluka mโmalo mwa upandu wochepa, makamaka pamene apolisi aukali awonjezeredwa. Kuwonjezera pa chitetezo chochepa, kodi zotsatirapo za kuchotsa ndalama zopezera ndi kuwonongera ndalama za ambiri omwe ali m'ndende ndi zotani? Kodi ndi ndalama zotani zomwe zimawononga nthawi yayitali za kusokonezeka kwa banja monga gawo lazachuma komanso lamalingaliro?
Palinso zowononga zina ndi zotulukapo zamalamulo achilango makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi milandu yazamankhwala osokoneza bongo - owerenga aku Africa America - zomwe zimawalepheretsa kupanga moyo wokhazikika akatuluka mndende. Izi zikuphatikizapo, kwa ena, kuletsa maphunziro apamwamba ndi maphunziro a ntchito zamanja, komanso kuletsa kulandira Thandizo Losakhalitsa kwa Mabanja Osowa (TANF) ngati apezeka ndi mlandu wokhala ndi kapena kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ngakhale kuti mayiko ena asankha. Malamulo a 1996 ndi 1998 adalepheretsanso anthu omwe ali ndi milandu yokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mabanja awo kuchoka ku nyumba zothandizidwa ndi boma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusowa pokhala ndi kugwirizanitsa mabanja kukhala kovuta kwambiri - makamaka kwa amayi. Kwa amayi omwe ali m'ndende, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mwayi wotaya ana awo.
Kodi zoulutsira nkhani zamakampani zapereka bwanji nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo? Mukuganiza kuti omenyera ufulu angathane bwanji ndi izi ndikugwira ntchito yotsutsa poyera nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo?
Ofalitsa nkhani awonetsa nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati nthano chabe zabwino v. zoipa. Palibe kuvomereza kapena kuvomereza chowonadi chokhudza yemwe akukhudzidwa ndi chifukwa chiyani, za nkhanza ndi zowonongeka za dongosololi, zotsatira zake zosatha ku miyoyo ya anthu, kuthamangitsidwa kwa midzi, ndi kuwononga maboma. Pokhapokha, ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa bajeti ya boma, mayiko ena ayamba kuyang'ana zomwe zaka 40 za ndondomekozi zapanga. Koma ngati akanatha kupeza njira yopitirizira kulipirira ndende ndi ndende zozunzika, sindikuganiza kuti akanafunafuna njira zina.
Ngakhale izi, ndikuganiza kuti pali mwayi wocheperako kuti muwone "nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo" yowopsa. Michelle Alexander, m'buku lake The New Jim Crow: Kumangidwa Kwamisala mu M'badwo Wakhungu Wakhungu, mwatsatanetsatane mmene, nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, m'njira zambiri, yapanga dongosolo lamphamvu, lopotola, komanso lopondereza kuposa Jim Crow wakale.
Ndimagwirizana naye ndikuganiza kuti dongosololi likhoza kupatsanso mphamvu anthu omwe adagwira nawo ntchito za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ndi Black Empowerment m'ma 1960 ndi mamiliyoni omwe sanatero. Chofunikira m'buku lake ndikuti amafotokoza za kusinthika kwazachuma, zamalamulo, zamalamulo, mfundo zaboma komanso mphamvu zandale zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu aku Africa America amangidwe.
Kuti tigwetse ndondomekozi ndi zikhulupiriro zomwe zidamangidwapo, tiyenera kumvetsetsa zovuta za chifukwa chake komanso momwe zidakhazikidwira. Ndiye tikhoza kumanga gulu latsopano ndi lamphamvu lomwe tikufunikira tsopano.
Pamodzi ndi mabuku azithunzithunzi osindikizidwa, mumagwiritsa ntchito bwanji RCPP?
Poyambirira, tidapanga tsamba lawebusayiti ndipo patangopita nthawi pang'ono blog yankhani. Pamodzi, tsiku lililonse amalandila alendo osachepera 2,000. Webusaitiyi yadzaza ndi kafukufuku watsopano, maulalo ku mazana a mabungwe ndi mabuku azithunzithunzi. Zaka zingapo zapitazo ndinayamba kuwonjezera zolemba zandale ndi zosakaniza za akaidi. Izi tsopano ndi gawo lalikulu la webusaitiyi. Anthu mkati ndi kunja kwa dziko tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito kaphatikizidwe ndi nkhani za mโmabuku ena, monga momwe ndinkayembekezera kuti zidzachitika. Monga momwe webusaitiyi yapangidwira, momwemonso mndandanda wa mndandanda womwe umandipangitsa kuti ndikhale wolumikizana ndi mazana a okonza, atolankhani, ndi achibale a akaidi.
Kodi munganene za nkhani zingapo zofunika zomwe mukuganiza kuti sizinafotokozedwe molakwika kapena / kapena zosanenedwa molakwika ndi makampani ofalitsa nkhani?
Pali nkhani masauzande ambiri chifukwa nkhani yowona ya ndende ili pafupi kusowa osati pazofalitsa zamakampani, komanso zofalitsa zakumanzere. Choyamba, palibe pafupifupi chilichonse chofotokoza za kukula kwa kutsekeredwa kwayekha m'ndende
Kupatula tsamba la webusayiti, kodi RCPP yasintha bwanji kuyambira pomwe buku loyamba lazithunzithunzi lidasindikizidwa?
Nditayamba, sindinkadziwa aliyense mโndende. Izi zinayamba kusintha titangoyamba kuchita zokambirana zathu ndikupanga pulogalamu ya Train the Trainers, yomwe inakhudza anthu ambiri omwe anali m'ndende.
Kenaka, mabuku azithunzithunzi anayamba kuwulukira pakhomo ndipo milu ya makalata yatsiku ndi tsiku inayamba kufika. Poลตerenga makalata masauzande ambiri ndi kuyamba kulemberana makalata okhalitsa ndi akaidi ambiri, maganizo anga anasintha nโkuyamba kuyesetsa kugwirizana ndi kukhalabe mbali ya dziko kunja kwa ndende. Ndinaona mmene chilango cha munthu chitalikirapo, mโpamenenso zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kusunga maubwenziโmakamaka pamene wokondedwa wamwalira. Chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwanga kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi akaidi, ndakhala wotanganidwa kwambiri mโmikhalidwe yotsekeredwa mโndende, kuweruzidwa kwa moyo wonse popanda kumasulidwa, kutalikitsa zigamulo, njira yochotsera parole kapena kupanda kwake, ndi kusagwiritsira ntchito kumasulidwa mwachifundoโ ngakhale m'mayiko omwe ndi ndondomeko. Nthaลตi zonse ndimadziลตa za nkhanza ndi zotonzedwa za tsiku ndi tsiku zimene amuna ndi akazi amapirira ndi ena. Ndikuwona momwe anthu ambiri (motsutsana ndi mikhalidwe yomwe idapangidwa kuti iwononge umunthu) amatha kugonjetsa ndikupanga miyoyo yatanthauzo kwa iwo eni ndi ena.
Ndi chiyani chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano?
Kuwonjezera pa kutumiza mabuku azithunzithunzi, kuyankha makalata, ndi kukonzanso webusaitiyi, ndimagwiritsa ntchito gawo lina la tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuyesera kufufuza kafukufuku, mauthenga, ndi zina zambiri kwa akaidi ambiri omwe ali olemba, ochita kafukufuku, ndi olimbikitsa / okonza. Mu
M'malingaliro anu, ndi njira ziti zabwino kwambiri zomwe ife omwe tikukhala kunja kwa ndende tingachite kuti tithandizire kukonza zomwe zili m'ndende kwa omwe ali m'ndende, komanso kutsutsa dongosolo la "chilungamo" chaupandu, ndikuthetsa ngati kwanthawi yayitali- term goal?
Monga abolitionists tiyenera kupeza njira zing'onozing'ono ndi zazikulu panjira kuti tikhalebe otanganidwa ndi ogwirizana ndi olimbikitsa mkati ndi kunja. Pali ntchito zambiri zoti muchite:
ยท Lumikizanani ndi akaidi kudzera m'mabuku kudzera m'mapulojekiti a Bars ndi mapulogalamu a anzanu.
ยท Pangani mapulogalamu ena okhudzana ndi anthu ammudzi omwe sali ogwirizana ndi madipatimenti a sheriff ndi malamulo ena kuti anthu omwe alibe ziwawa azikhala kunyumba, olumikizidwa ndi mabanja ndi madera, komanso kuti asamangidwe.
ยท Pangani madongosolo osinthira belo kuti ndende zisakhale ndende zokhala ndi ngongoleโzitsanzo zikuphatikiza ma bondi osatetezedwa, kutsitsa belo, ndi kutsitsa belo malinga ndi momwe moyo wa munthu wina ulili. Mwachitsanzo, kodi ali ndi ana amene akuwasamalira? Kodi ali ndi ntchito yomwe idzasokonezedwe? Anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti ndi olakwa ndipo kenako amapita kundende chifukwa akudziwa kuti sangathe kupereka belo.
ยท Pangani makampeni ovomerezeka a anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yaupandu, kutengera zitsanzo zamagulu ena ovomerezeka, kuti muyambe kukambirana ndi owalemba ntchito zakufunika kwa mwayi wachiwiri. Wonjezerani kampeni ya chilungamo cha nyumba.
ยท Lankhulani za kukula kwa anthu otsekeredwa m'ndende ku U.S. Solitary Watch ndi njira yabwino yodziwitsira zambiri komanso kuchita ziwonetsero.
ยท Yesetsani kukulitsa parole, m'malo moletsa. Kupezeka pamisonkhano ya parole ndikulemba makalata m'malo mwa anthu omwe akufuna kumasulidwa.
ยท Lumikizanani ndi bwanamkubwa wanu kuti mubwezeretsenso kusintha. Olamulira ambiri sasinthanso ziganizo, ngakhale kuti izi zinali zokhazikika. Thandizani mwachangu anthu omwe akufuna kusintha kudzera pamakampeni olembera makalata ndi zochitika zapagulu.
ยท Yesetsani kuthetsa machitidwe osafunikira komanso okwera mtengo omwe amapangidwa kuti atumize anthu omasulidwa kundende kundende chifukwa chophwanya malamulo ang'onoang'ono. Kunena mwanzeru, pakali pano ndi kuchepa kwa bajeti ya boma, ndi nthawi yabwino kuyang'ana kwambiri pa izi.
ยท Tsutsani malamulo a mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amaletsa kusuta ndikugwira ntchito ndi "ochepetsa zovulaza" kuti apereke kusinthana kwa singano, malo obaya jekeseni, ndi maphunziro ammudzi.
ยท Kuletsa ntchito zogonana polumikizana ndi mabungwe ochita zachiwerewere ndikulengeza poyera nkhanza zomwe apolisi amakumana nazo.
ยท Gwirani ntchito ndi mabungwe monga Families Against Mandatory Minimum m'dziko lonse komanso m'chigawo chanu kuti muthetse zilango zovomerezeka zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
ยท Yambani kukambirana ndi aphungu a boma pa kutalika kwakukulu kwa ziganizo, osati kwa anthu omwe ali ndi milandu yosagwirizana ndi chiwawa, komanso kwa iwo omwe ali ndi milandu yachiwawa. Lipoti latsopano la Justice Policy Institute, "Kupeza Malangizo: Kukulitsa Zosankha Zachigawenga Poganizira Ndondomeko za Mayiko Ena," limapereka zitsanzo za zomwe mayiko ena akuchita.
ยท Tsatirani njira zoyendetsera bwino ndi malamulo mu
ยท Lowani nawo magulu a mabanja ndi ena omwe akukonzekera kuthetsa "moyo popanda kuthekera kwa parole." Yambitsani ndemanga ya parole kwa aliyense kuyambira zaka 15.
ยท Pangani kumasulidwa kwachifundo kukhala chenicheni kwa mayiko omwe ali kale lamulo. Gwirani ntchito ndi magulu azipembedzo ndikuphatikiza magulu azipembedzo pokonzekera kumasulidwa kwachifundo.
ยท Gwirani Ntchito ndi Mabanja Kuti Musinthe
ยท Gwirizanani ndi magulu a anthu omwe ali ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti athe kulimbikitsa anthu kuti apeze ndalama zothandizira anthu ammudzi, osati m'ndende ndi ndende zodzaza ndi anthu omwe akudwala matenda amisala komanso osalandira chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuledzera ndi matenda amisala.
ยท Funsani mabodza onena za amene ali chigawenga ndi kusasintha kwa anthu amene achita upandu ndi mmene amasonyezedwera mโzoulutsira nkhani.
ยท Pomaliza, aliyense wa ife ayenera kulimbana ndi tsankho kulikonse komwe angalipeze. Kulimbana ndi tsankho ndi vuto lalikulu kwa anthu ambiri m'ndende.
Kodi owerenga athu angathandize bwanji ntchito yanu?
Owerenga atha kuthandizira ntchito ya RCPP pochita nawo gawo lililonse lomwe ndidapereka yankho lapitalo. Anthu ayenera kudziwa kuti amatha maola angapo pa sabata ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi tanthauzo landale. Atha kuthandizira mwandalama mabungwe oyambira bwino omwe salandira ndalama kapena ndalama zochepa, kuphatikiza, ndithudi, Project Real Cost of Prisons Project. Bajeti yathu yonse yapachaka ndi pafupifupi $4,000 yomwe imapereka zotumizira, maenvulopu, ndi kusamalira tsambalo. Nthawi zambiri, ndimakhulupirira kuti anthu amafunikira kudzuka ndikuchita chilichonse komwe amakhala m'chilichonse chomwe akuwona kuti ndi chofunikira kwambiri. Mfundo yakuti pali zambiri zoti tichite si chifukwa chochitira kalikonse.
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