TKuthekera kwa umunthu kugawikana kwa malingaliro ndi kuletsa mfundo zosokoneza nthawi zonse kumangowonjezera maziko atsopano pokwaniritsa zofuna zandale. Pambuyo pa 9/11, khama lalitali la US lomanga al-Qaeda, bin Laden, ndi magulu ena opanduka a Afghanistan (kuphatikiza a Taliban), mothandizidwa ndi Saudi ndi Pakistani, kunyengerera Soviet Union ku Afghanistan, kuti igwetsedwe ndipo pamapeto pake. wogonjetsedwa adawoneka kuti wabwerera kumbuyo. Kusintha kwa ana athu pambuyo pochoka mwadzidzidzi ku US ku Afghanistan, ndi al-Qaeda ndi bin Laden pomaliza kuukira United States kuchokera kumalo a Taliban, ndi chitsanzo cha "blowback." Koma blowback akuwonetsa kuti 9/11 idachitika chifukwa cha zochita za US zomwe ena amayankha; kuti sunakhazikike pa kaduka kapena kudana ndi ufulu wa US kwa anthu oipa. Izi ndizosasangalatsa, chifukwa chake kugawanika kwake ndi / kapena kuponderezedwa.
Nkhani yofananira komanso yogwirizana kwambiri ikukhudza thandizo la oyang'anira Clinton a Alija Izetbegovic ndi Asilamu aku Bosnia pankhondo ya Asilamu, ma Serbs aku Bosnia, ndi ma Croatia pankhondo zaku Bosnia pakati pa 1992 ndi kumapeto kwa 1995 ndi kupitilira apo. Pamkanganowu, atolankhani ambiri akumadzulo, ngakhale gawo lalikulu la omasuka komanso osiyidwa ndi magazini ndi aluntha, adafika mwachangu pagulu la Asilamu a Izetbegovic ndi Bosnia, kupeza ma Serbs aku Bosnia ozunza, oyeretsa mafuko, ogwirira chigololo, opha anthu komanso opha anthu. Asilamu aku Bosnia ndi omwe akuzunzidwa osalakwa, ndikuyitanitsa "kuthandiza anthu" mokakamiza ndi West. Mbiri yakale iyi sikuti ndi mbali imodzi yokha, yodzaza ndi zolakwika, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatembenuza zenizeni, imawerenga molakwika mfundo, maulalo, ndi zolinga zenizeni za Izetbegovic ndi anzake apamtima. Mutu waukulu wa John R. Schindler's Zowopsa Zosayera: Bosnia, Al-Qa'ida, Ndi Kukula Kwa Jihad Padziko Lonse (Zenith Press, 2007) ndikuti kuwerengedwa molakwika kwa "gulu losavomerezeka" loyang'aniridwa ndi Asilamu a atolankhani aku Western, komanso mabodza ndi mfundo zaku Western, zidalola al-Qaeda kuti alowe ku Western Europe motero kufananiza zotsatira za Afghanistan ndi Pakistan. Thandizo lakale la US ku al-Qaeda ku Afghanistan.
Schindler, pulofesa waukadaulo ku Naval War College komanso yemwe kale anali katswiri wazofufuza zanzeru ku National Security Agency ku Balkan, siwotsutsa kwambiri ndipo, kwenikweni, ndi wokhulupirira kwambiri ku US komanso kufunikira kwapakati pa "nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga" yayitali. zomwe dziko lake layamba, zomwe akuthandizira mosakayikira. Pankhondoyi mdani weniweni akuwoneka kuti ndi wachisilamu wopitilira muyeso, womwe uyenera kukumana nawo m'magulu ambiri-ngakhale sakunena kuti kusintha kwachisilamu ndi uchigawenga ndizo zomwe zimatengera kudalirana kwadziko ndi kulowererapo kwa US komanso kuti zofunikirazo ziyenera kusintha. Izi ndi zofooka zazikulu m'buku lake, komanso chizolowezi chowonjezera chiwopsezo cha zolinga zomwe adazisankha (makamaka, Iran, komanso Islamic Jihad).
Koma mphamvu yake ili mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane zomwe amapereka pakufunika kwamphamvu zachisilamu pankhondo zaku Bosnia za 1992-1995 komanso m'zaka zotsatira, komanso momwe akatswiri aku Western adapusitsira chodabwitsachi ndikuthandiza kupanga chithunzi chonyenga cha demokalase. mitundu yambiri, utsogoleri wololera wa Asilamu aku Bosnia. Ndizoseketsa, komanso, chifukwa ndi wolankhulira gawo lofunikira la akuluakulu aboma la US ndi akatswiri azanzeru omwe malingaliro awo amatsutsana kwambiri ndi gawo la kukhazikitsidwa lomwe lidathandizira mwachangu "kuthandiza anthu" pothandizira Asilamu aku Bosnia (komanso kuti athandize Asilamu aku Bosnia). mocheperapo anthu aku Croatia) motsutsana ndi Aserbia ogwidwa ndi ziwanda. Gulu lomalizali linaphatikizapo atsogoleri a Clinton State Department (Madeleine Albright, Richard Holbrooke), Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Anthony Lake, James Hooper, Peter Galbraith, ndi ena, ndi angapo a Republican ofunika, kuphatikizapo Bob Dole. Inaphatikizanso akatswiri, atolankhani, ndi oimira NGO omwe adasonkhana ku Sarajevo kuti aphunzire chowonadi kuchokera kwa Izetbegovic ndi kampani komanso kuchita kampeni yomenyera nkhondo, kuyambira mamembala a International Crisis Group kupita kwa atolankhani ndi aluntha pazomwe anthu aku Bosnia onyoza adatcha "Sarajevo". safari." Schindler amapereka masamba ambiri m'buku lake kufotokoza ndi kunyoza machitidwe a atolankhani ndi akatswiri omwe adayamba kupha anthu ku Bosnia molawirira kwambiri, adameza mabodza omwe amaperekedwa ndi omwe amakonda, ngakhale nzosatheka bwanji, ndipo anakana kuyang'ana izi. kapena kuyang'ana umboni womwe ungatsutse mzere wa chipani.
Lingaliro lake pa kulephera kwakukulu kwawailesiku linali logwirizana ndi la Lt. Col. John Sray, mkulu wankhondo ku Bosnia yemwe adatsutsa mu pepala lake la 1995 la "Selling the Bosnia Myth to America" โโkuti "America sinakhale choncho. kunyengedwa momvetsa chisoni kuyambira pomwe Robert McNamara adathandizira kuwongolera ndikukulitsa Nkhondo yaku Vietnam pomwe mwachinsinsi analibe mphamvu zamatumbo kuti anene zakukayikira kwake za bizinesiyo kwa Purezidenti ndi dziko. Malingaliro otchuka okhudzana ndi boma la Asilamu aku Bosnia (Bosniacs monga momwe amafunira kutchedwa) adapangidwa ndi makina ofalitsa ambiri. Kuphatikiza kwachilendo kwa madotolo atatu akuluakulu, kuphatikiza makampani ogwirizana ndi anthu (PR) omwe amagwiritsa ntchito a Bosniacs, akatswiri azama TV, komanso anthu achifundo a US State Department, akwanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chinyengo kuti akwaniritse zolinga za Asilamu. " Malingaliro ofanana ndi a Sray adawonetsedwa ndi asitikali ena ambiri a UN ndi asitikali omwe anali pamalopo, kuphatikiza, mwa ena, General wa USAF Charles Boyd, Major-General waku Canada ndi wamkulu wa UN ku Sarajevo, Lewis MacKenzie, ndi wamkulu wa UN mdera la Bosnia mu 1995. , Philip Corwin. Koma, monga Schindler akugogomezera, sanamve.
Schindler akutsutsa kuti Izetbegovic ndi "Leninist style mineard of Islamists" mwina anali ofunikira kwambiri poyambitsa nkhondo zaku Bosnia ndikusweka kwa dzikolo. A Serb a ku Bosnia anayesa kugwirizana ndi Izetbegovic nkhondo iliyonse isanayambe, mu 1990, koma "Asilamu sanasonyeze chidwi"; Kugawana mphamvu ndi ma Serbs omwe adakambilana mu Julayi 1991 zomwe zidapangitsa Izetbegovic kunena kuti "malo athu ali pafupi kwambiri," adagwa chifukwa "Izetbegovic sanatuluke m'chipindamo pomwe adakana pempholi," ndipo gulu lake posakhalitsa lidalengeza kuti "zidzatero. osatenga nawo mbali mโmakonzedwe alionse ogaลตira mphamvu ndi Aserbia.โ Kuyesayesa komaliza koletsa nkhondo yaikulu kumapeto kwa February 1992 kunabweretsa magulu onse atatu ku Lisbon, kumene onsewo anasaina makonzedwe a dziko limodzi lopereka ulamuliro waukulu ku zigawo za mafuko. Koma, "Atangopereka chilolezo, Izetbetgovic adasintha malingaliro ake." Monga momwe Schindler akunenera, "Kukangana kwa Lisbon kunali komwe kunayambitsa nkhondo."
Kuchoka ku mgwirizano wa Lisbon kunachitika ndi chilimbikitso cha kazembe wa US, Warrren Zimmerman, ndi Schindler ndi ndemanga zina zodziwitsidwa zimatsutsa kuti kukana kwa Izetbegovic kukambitsirana kudachokera ku kukhudzika kwake komanso kumvetsetsa kuti atha kulemba United States ndi NATO kuti akwaniritse zolinga zake zandale kudzera pankhondo. Zomwe SDA yake (Party of Democratic Action) idafuna, malinga ndi katswiri wazotsatira zachipani Dzemaludin Latic, inali pafupifupi 45 peresenti ya Bosnia kuphatikiza Sandzak (chigawo cha ku Serbia), cholinga "Sarajevo inalibe mwayi wochita popanda thandizo lalikulu lankhondo laku America." General Philippe Morillon, wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo la UN ku Bosnia, adauza Khoti la Yugoslavia kuti, "Cholinga cha Purezidenti wa Bosnia, kuyambira pachiyambi, chinali kuwonetsetsa kulowererapo kwa magulu ankhondo apadziko lonse lapansi kuti apindule ndi chifukwa chake. sankafuna kukambitsirana.โ Mkulu wa Canada wamkulu komanso wamkulu woyamba wa UN ku Sarajevo Lewis MacKenzie, podzudzula kwambiri Aserbia, posiya ntchito yake ku Sarajevo adati zigawenga za 19 zidasweka ndi Asilamu, "chifukwa mfundo zawo zinali, ndipo ndikukakamiza azungu kuti alowererepo. โ
Iwo anakwanitsa, kutanthauza kuti Izetbegovic ndi omutsatira ake aku US, osati Aserbia, ndiwo makamaka omwe adayambitsa nkhondo zomwe zidachitika. Yankho la opepesera a Safari ndiloti Aserbia adapeza gawo mwa kumenyana koyambirira ndipo sakanaloledwa kupeza zipatso za "zachiwawa" (monga United States ingapeze ku Iraq kapena Israel ku West Bank); koma zipatso zaukalizo zidatsata kukana kwa Muslim kukhazikika asanamenyane, sizinali zazikulu, ndipo maziko a kukhazikika koyenera komwe Izetbegovic adakana adakhutitsa kazembe wa Chipwitikizi Jose Cutilheiro, ndipo kenako Cyrus Vance ndi Lord David Owen โ onse akuluakulu aku Western ndipo palibe. mwa iwo abwenzi aku Serbia. Izi ziyenera kuchititsa manyazi mamembala a Safari brigade, omwe ntchito yawo yomenyera nkhondo ikufanana ndi kukana kwa Izetbegovic-US kukhazikika mwamtendere ndikutsimikizira othawa kwawo ambiri omwe adafa komanso othawa kwawo ambiri ngati gawo la nkhondo ya Izetbegovic (yolephera) yofuna malo ambiri.
Schindler akutsutsa, ndipo amapereka umboni wothandizira, kuti Izetbegovic ndi chipani chake sanangophwanya malamulo oletsa kumenyana ndi mapangano ena kuposa Aserbia kapena Croats, koma kuti anali wokonzeka kupha kapena kuwona anthu achisilamu omwe anaphedwa kuti apeze mfundo zandale (kupatsidwa kuti ndi Safari ndi US. Thandizo la boma kupha kumeneku nthawi zonse kudzachitika chifukwa cha ma Serbs), komanso kuti nkhanza zomwe zidachitika kwa adani ndi akaidi zomwe zidachitika ndi asitikali ake, kuphatikiza 4,000 kapena kuposa mujahadin, zinali zankhanza komanso zazikulu.
Pakatikati pa kusanthula kwa Schindler ndikuwonetsa mwatsatanetsatane kuti Izetbegovic anali wokhulupirira Chisilamu, yemwe nthawi zonse ankakonda dziko lololera mitundu yambiri, koma nthawi zonse amabisa izi kwa akatswiri ozindikira komanso osazindikira a Western, omwe anali ofunitsitsa kukhulupirira ndi kusamala. kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri. Amachitira nkhanza Susan Sontag, yemwe โsanadziลตe mavuto a mayiko a ku Balkan,โ koma โanapereka zilengezo zoipitsitsa kwambiri, akumadzudzula Ulaya kukhala โwopanda pakeโ chifukwa chosamenyera nkhondo mโmalo mwa Asilamu.โ Schindler amatsata zikhulupiriro za Izetbegovic kuyambira pautumiki wake kwa chipani cha Nazi ku Handschar Division ya Waffen-SS, kudzera mu umembala wake mu Young Muslim, mpaka Chidziwitso cha Chisilamu, pa maulendo ake ambiri opita, zisonyezo za ubwenzi ndi, ndi chithandizo chakuthupi kuchokera ku Iran ya Saudis ndi Khomeini, ndi kulandira kwake zikwi zikwi za asilikali a mujahadin ku Bosnia kuyambira 1992 kupita mtsogolo, ndi zochita zake zambiri zovulaza anthu osakhala Asilamu ndi Asilamu. wa chizoloลตezi chakudziko. Koma nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mawu ndi manja a Sontag, David Rieff, Ed Vulliamy, Christopher Hitchens, ndi Bernard-Henri Levy zomwe zidawatsimikizira kuti anali demokalase. Rieff akunena kuti Asilamu a ku Bosnia a Izetbegovic, "chifukwa cha zizindikiro zawo zonse zosakanizika, ankayimira dziko," koma Rieff ananyalanyaza mbali zovuta za "zizindikiro zosakanizika" ndipo anameza zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zokonda zake monga chowonadi chofunikira (Nyumba yophera anthu, Simon & Schuster, 1995). Amavomereza kuyesayesa kosasunthika kwa Izebegovic kuti Amphamvu Akuluakulu amumenyere nkhondo, koma amalephera kuwona kuti imeneyo si njira yopita ku "dziko la nzika." Amalephera kutchula dzina ndi kusanthula Chidziwitso cha Chisilamu, amene mfundo zake zimasemphana ndi mutu wake waukulu, ndipo mutu wake waungโono uli โpulogalamu yolimbikitsa Asilamu achisilamu.โ
Vulliamy amatchulapo Chidziwitso cha Chisilamu, ponena kuti kunali โkuyesayesa mozunzika kunena kuti chikhulupiriro cha Chisilamu chimagwirizana ndi ndale zamakonoโ (Nyengo mwa Iyell, St, Martin's Press, 1994); pamene Izetbegovic ananena momveka bwino kuti, โPalibe mtendere kapena kukhala pamodzi pakati pa 'chipembedzo cha Chisilamu' ndi mabungwe omwe si achisilamu a chikhalidwe ndi ndale. Pokhala ndi ufulu wolamulira dziko lake, Chisilamu sichimaphatikizapo ufulu ndi kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro achilendo m'dera lake. Motero palibe lamulo la boma ladziko ndipo Boma liyenera kufotokoza ndi kuchirikiza mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino zachipembedzo.โ (Alija Izetbegovic, Chidziwitso cha Chisilamu: Dongosolo lachisilamu cha Asilamu ndi anthu achisilamu [โIslamska deklaracijaโ], palibe womasulira amene analembedwa, 1970, 1990, monga anaika pa www.balkan-archive. org.yu.)
Vulliamy mosamala amapewa kunena mawu kuchokera ku Chidziwitso cha Chisilamu. Mu mutu wake wautali ku Bosnia mu A Vuto lochokera Gahena (Basic Books, 2002), Samantha Power sanatchulepo bukuli pomwe Rieff amatchulamo, osati ndi dzina, koma kudzera mkamwa mwa Serb, kenako amalephera kufotokoza chifukwa chake siliri tanthauzo. Vulliamy akufotokoza kuti Izetbegovic anakana mosalekeza ndondomeko za mtendere kuyambira ku Lisbon kupita mโtsogolo chifukwa chodzipereka ku โlipabuliki yamitundu yambiri,โ komanso chikhulupiriro chake chakuti kugaลตana kulikonse โkukanakhala โkosatheka popanda kuyeretsa fukoโ (Nyengo ku Gahena)โpamene ankafuna kuti pakhale kugaลตikana kwabwino, nkhondo ndi kuyeretsa mafuko zikuyenda motsimikizirika kuchokera pa chilengezo chake cha ufulu wodzilamulira, ndipo monga tafotokozera mโmunsimu, iye anachita ntchito yokwanira yochotsa Aserbia mโdera la Sarajevo.
Izetbegovic sanakane zake Chidziwitso cha Chisilamu ndi Schindler akupereka mlandu wokakamiza kuti Izetbegovic, ngakhale wankhope ziwiri komanso wozemba, adatsutsana kwambiri ndi demokalase ndi dziko lamitundu yambiri ndipo adayesetsa mosalekeza kuti akhazikitse dziko lachisilamu potsatira mfundo zachisilamu zomwe Khomeini adakhazikitsa ku Iran. Akuwonetsa mwatsatanetsatane momwe adadalira thandizo lazachuma la Saudi ndi Iran, upangiri, ndi maphunziro, komanso momwe analiri wotetezedwa ndi masauzande a mujahadin omwe adabwera ku Bosnia kudzathandiza kumenya nkhondo zake komanso chidwi cha dziko lachi Islam. Mapasipoti zikwizikwi a ku Bosnia anaperekedwa kwa โankhondo akunjaโ ameneลตa, kuphatikizapo imodzi kwa Osama bin Laden, amene nthaลตi zingapo ankawonedwa ngati mlendo mu ofesi ya Izetbegovic.
Mkati ndi pambuyo pa nkhondoyo, Sarajevo anayeretsedwa mosalekezaโAserbia ndi Asilamuโmwa kuzunzidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kuphana nthaลตi zonse, kuphatikizapo kuphana kochuluka kochitidwa ndi magulu ankhondo achisilamu a ku Bosnia, โgulu lakuphaโ lakupha kwambiri lolamulidwa ndi mmodzi. Kako. "Magulu a zigawenga a SDA [chipani cha Izetbegovic] anachita mbali ya mkango wa ntchitoyo - kupha, kugwirira, kuba ndi kuba, zomwe zinapangidwa kuti zikhale ndi Asilamu onse a Sarajevo, ndipo gulu la Caco ndilo linali lamphamvu kwambiri" ( Schindler ). "Izetbegovic zidamutengera theka la chaka kuti atseke gulu la a Caco" atalangizidwa za kupha anthu, ndipo ankadziwa bwino za "misasa yozunzirako anthu" ya ku Bosnia yomwe ili pafupi ndi Sarajevo (adawatchula mayina pamisonkhano yachinsinsi). Pansi pa Pangano la Dayton la 1995, zigawo za Serb ku Sarajevo zidaphatikizidwa mu Federation (gulu lophatikizana la Asilamu-Croat), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ma Serb achoke ku Sarajevo, pomwe manambala a Serb adatsika kuchokera pankhondo isanachitike 160,000 kufika pansi pa 20,000 patangotha โโโโDayton. Schindler ali ndi masamba ambiri ofotokoza kusamuka uku komanso kuyeretsedwa mwankhanza komanso mwadongosolo kwa Aserbia ku Sarajevo ndi madera ake, zomwe zimatsutsana momveka bwino ndi mzere wa chipani cha Safari pa "projekiti yamitundu yambiri" ya Izetbegovic (Vulliamy) komanso cholinga cha "dziko la nzika" ( Rief).
Koma kunyansidwa ndi maso, kusankha, komanso kubwerezanso zolipiritsa zachipani zinali zofunika kwambiri pantchito ya Safari. Umboni waukulu wotsutsana unanyalanyazidwa. Naser Oric, wakupha wamkulu wa asitikali Asilamu ku Srebrenica, yemwe monga Schindler akunena kuti anapha anthu wamba 1,000 a Serb m'dera la Srebrenica, ndipo monyadira adawonetsa atolankhani aku Western mavidiyo a Aserbia odulidwa mitu ndipo adadzitamandira chifukwa cha mlandu umodzi womwe adapha Aserbia 114, satero. kuwonekera m'zolemba za Vulliamy's, Rieff's, kapena Power's. Schindler amaperekanso zithunzi zingapo zochititsa chidwi za kuphedwa kwa anthu a ku Croatia ndi a Serbs omwe amachitidwa ndi asilikali a Bosnia Muslim mujahadin, koma izi zimalephera kulowa m'mabuku a Safari-zochita za Serb zokha (ndi zithunzi zofanana) ndizovomerezeka.
Kwa akatswiri onsewa mkangano wa Bosnia unali nkhani ya "kuphedwa kwa mafuko" a Serb, omwe Rieff adanena kuti "zonse zinatsirizidwa" mu 1994. Mamembala a Safari sanayang'anepo motsatira zomwe apeza ofufuza a Ewa Tabeau, Jakub Bijak, ndi Mirsad Tokaca, 2 oyamba omwe amagwira ntchito ku Ofesi ya Loya wa ICTY, Tokaca mothandizidwa ndi boma la Norway, kuti anthu pafupifupi 100,000 okha ndi omwe anaphedwa ku Bosnia 1992-1995, kumbali zonse, komanso kuti chiwerengero cha anthu wamba kumbali zonse chinali. mlingo wa 65,000. Chiwerengero cha anthu wamba ku Bosnia chinali pansi pa 50,000. Panthawi yomweyi ma Iraqi zikwi mazana angapo adamwalira chifukwa cha "chiwonongeko chachikulu," koma ma brigades a Safari analibe chidwi. M'malo mwake, mu Power's Vuto Lochokera ku Gahena, ngakhale Iraq, Vietnam, Indonesia, kapena East Timor kusonyeza m'ndandanda wakeโkoma ali ndi mutu wautali uwu wonena za Bosnia kumene โkuphedwa kwa fukoโ akuti kunachitika. A Power adanena kuti kufa kwa Bosnia kunali 200,000, koma sanapereke chigamulo pakati pa imfa ya Asilamu, Serb ndi Croat, komanso samasiyanitsa pakati pa imfa ya asilikali ndi anthu wamba. Ananenanso nthawi ina kuti George Kenney adasiya ntchito ku dipatimenti ya Boma potsutsa mfundo zosakwanira zaukali, koma amalephera kutchula kuti pambuyo pake adasintha malingaliro ake ndipo mu Epulo 1995 adapereka lingaliro la kufa kwa Bosnia kumbali zonse motsatira dongosolo 25,000-60,000.
Pakufufuza kwake ku Bosnia, kuphatikiza kulephera kutchula Naser Oric, Mphamvu ilibe index yofotokoza za kukhalapo kwa muhajadin ndi machitidwe, kapena Chidziwitso cha Chisilamu, kapena maulendo a bin Laden ku Izetbegovic, kapena kuti wokonza ndege wa 9/11 ndi 2 mwa oponya mabomba 19 odzipha adaphunzitsidwa ndikumenya nkhondo ku Bosnia.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwona momwe tsopano, pomwe kulumikizana kwa al-Qaeda ndi umboni wotsimikizika wabodza mu ndale za US ndi media, chowonadi chovuta cha Clinton, Holbrooke, ndi olowererapo othandizira anthu omwe akuchirikiza cholinga cha Asilamu pankhondo yaku Bosnia, yomwe. adawapangitsa kuvomereza komanso kulimbikitsa kukhalapo kwa al-Qaeda ndikuyika ku Bosnia, sizodziwika. Uku ndiye kugawikana kwamalingaliro koyenera komwe kumagwirizana ndi chithandizo ndi mgwirizano ndi anthu oyipa nthawi ina zitha kunyalanyazidwa tikamatsutsana ndi oyipa pambuyo pake ndikufuna kunamizira kutsatira chikhalidwe chapamwamba. Izi zikuwonetsedwanso m'buku laposachedwa la Power, Kuthamangitsa Lawi (Penguin, 2008), pomwe pamapeto pake amatchula za al-Qaeda ndi Osama bin Laden, koma ponena za Afghanistan, Indonesia, ndi Iraq, osati Bosnia, komwe adapereka malo ambiri ku Afghanistan. Vuto Lochokera ku Gahena. Izi zimathandiza kuti nkhondo yakale ija komanso Safari ikhale yoyera ngakhale momwe tikuchitira chidwi ndi anthu omwe kale anali onyalanyazidwa.
Palinso zododometsa zina ziwiri pano. Chimodzi ndi chakuti ofalitsa zabodza a Safari komanso kupha anthu ku Bosnia pafupifupi adathandizira kuyeretsa ndi kuphana kwa mafuko ku Bosnia, 1992-1995, popeza kampeni yawo ya mbali imodzi komanso yachisangalalo idathandizira Izetbegovic ndi oyang'anira Clinton kuletsa kukhazikika pandale kuyambira ku Lisbon kupita mtsogolo. Kutengeka kwawo ndi ziwanda kunathandizanso kuti anthu azikhala ndi makhalidwe abwino zomwe zinachititsa kuti nkhondo ya ku Kosovo ikhale yotheka. Titha kukumbukiranso, kuti Nkhondo ya Kosovo idachitika, malinga ndi Bill Clinton, kuti apange "demokalase yololera, yamitundu yambiri" m'chigawo chimenecho, chomwe chinasandulika kukhala kuyeretsa mafuko komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi akazi- trade capital of Europe. Kuyeretsedwa kwa mafuko ku Kosovo yolamulidwa ndi NATO, nkhondo zazikulu kwambiri zankhondo za Balkan molingana, komanso kufalikira ku Aromani komanso Aserbia, kunafotokozedwa ndi David Rieff pazifukwa za "kubwezera." Adani amayeretsa chifukwa cha kusilira magazi, umbombo, ndi mapulani a Serbia, Russia, Iran? Abwenzi ndi makasitomala amangolimbikitsidwa ndi chikhumbo chobwezera zolakwa zakale za adani.
Chodabwitsanso ndichakuti Yugoslavia, ndi Bosnia yokha, idakhala dziko lololera komanso lamitundu yambiri komanso chigawo nkhondo za 1992-1995 zisanachitike, koma izi ndi zomwe Izetbegovic sanakonde ndikuzichotsa, ndi UN-Clinton-Sontag. -Rieff (ndi zina) thandizo. Koma osati kokha kuti "gulu lolonjeza la zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana lomwe linali Bosnia isanachitike nkhondo" lidawonongedwa, m'malo mwake tili ndi katangale, osauka, dziko lolephera lomwe lidagawikabe moyipa ndi mikangano yamitundu, ndipo, atapereka malo olowera ku Europe kwa al- Qaeda, yokhala ndi otsalira a al-Qaeda komanso othandizana nawo ochezeka akadalipo m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Bosnia. Koma United States ndi maulamuliro ena a NATO akhala akugwira ntchito mokhazikika kuyambira 1995 kuti awatulutse, monga momwe dziko lino likuvutikira mochedwa kuchotsa ana ake ku Afghanistan ndi Pakistan.
Okonda dziko lawo sakonda kukumbutsidwa za milandu yapaderayi ya US kulimbikitsidwa, kukwiyitsidwa, ndi kuthandizira nkhondo zapakati pamagulu, kuyeretsa mafuko, ndi kuphana, zozikidwa pa mbali yabwino ya kusawona bwino ndi kudzinyenga, ndikutsatiridwa ndi zowawa zowawa. Pakadali pano, othandizira ake aluntha akupitilizabe kuchita bwino ndikubweretsa malingaliro awo a "gulu losagwirizana" pazomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso mawonekedwe othandizira maufumu (Islamo-fascism, kupambana kwapang'onopang'ono, "kuyang'anira ma commons" - Power's atsopano) zomwe zingapereke maziko opitilira maulendo ena. wa blowback.
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Edward S. Herman ndi katswiri wa zachuma, wotsutsa za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zofalitsa, komanso wolemba mabuku ndi zolemba zambiri.