Robert Jensen
Mu masewera a ndale
kugwirizana kwa mawu, “Mkristu” pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse amatanthauza “wosunga mwambo” ndi
“Evangelical.” Anthu amenewo - nthawi zambiri amapiko akumanja ndi okhazikika - akhala
achita bwino kwambiri kufananiza ndale zawo ndi chikhulupiriro chachipembedzo mu
United States yamakono.
Za Rev.
Simon Harak, ndale zachikhulupiriro zimatsamira mbali ina. Pali a
chifundo chambiri koma kusamala pang'ono mu ndale zachikhristu za
Wansembe wa Yesuit.
Harak anali
pulofesa wa zamakhalidwe komanso wolimbikitsa ndale wanthawi yochepa mpaka 1999, pomwe adasiya ntchito
udindo wake wophunzitsa ku Fairfield University kuti azigwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi Voices in
the Wilderness, gulu la Chicago lomwe likuyesera kukakamiza boma la US
kuti athetse zilango zachuma ku Iraq. Wolemba wa Zokonda Zabwino:
Mapangidwe a Khalidwe Lachikristu, Harak akugwira ntchito Zoipa
Zilakolako: Kusintha kwa Makhalidwe Achikhristu.
JENSEN: Bwanji
mukuganiza kuti anthu ambiri amaganiza akamva mawu akuti “chipembedzo ndi
ndale?”
HARAK: Ndi zonse
chifukwa cha kulemekeza kwamtundu wa ndale zomwe tikuwona mu "700 Club," osamala
Akhristu mwina adajambula zoulutsira nkhani koma sanatsekereze msika
makhalidwe abwino achipembedzo. M'zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi 1980, anthu osamala anayambitsa
iwo okha m'zochitika zadziko mowonekera kwambiri ndipo alamulira
lingaliro la makhalidwe achikristu kuyambira pamenepo. Koma zomwe anthu saziwona
zoulutsira nkhani ndi ntchito zonse za chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe akatolika opita patsogolo ndi
Akhristu.
Pali zambiri
Nkhani yochokera kwa Akhristu osamala za “kukhala ozikidwa pa Baibulo.” Koma ndikhoza
ndikuuzeni kuti mayendedwe anga ndi ndale zimachokera m'Baibulo,
kuchokera kwa Yesu ndi Mauthenga Abwino. Ine ndikuzitenga izo molunjika kuchokera mu bukhu.
Ali kuti
lingaliro lanu la chikhulupiriro ndi ndale zimachokera?
Mu 1970s,
nditalowa m'gulu la aJesuit, panali omenyera ufulu angapo ndipo tidatero
kukamba za chikhristu ndi kulowerera ndale. Apa ndipamene ndinayamba
mvetsetsani kuti kusachita zachiwawa sikungochita—mwandimenya koma sindikumenya
inu kubwerera. Ndi kudzipereka kuchitira chilungamo kuti chiwawa chisakhalenso
zofunika. Ndinayamba kumvetsetsa za Yesu mu miyambo ya aneneri, ndipo ine
anayamba kuona kuti zinthu zimene aneneri ankaumirira—chilungamo ndi
kumasulidwa—zili mbali yaikulu ya mwambo wanga wa Chikatolika.
Izo zatsogolera
muyenera kutsutsa kwambiri zankhondo zaku US ndi mfundo zachuma. Chifukwa chiyani?
Tiyenera kutero
yambani mwa kuvomereza kuti ndife pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya chiŵerengero cha anthu padziko lapansi
kuwononga pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya chuma cha dziko. Kodi timaganizadi anthu
ku Central America, mwachitsanzo, amasangalala kuona ana awo njala kotero ife
akhoza kuyendetsa ma SUV? Ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti tiyenera kufunsa momwe zinthu zidakhalira chonchi.
Anthu padziko lonse sakupereka zinthu zimenezi kwa ife; payenera kukhala
kukakamiza kwina kukhudzidwa.
Tikangoyamba
kufunsa mafunso amenewo, tikhoza kulankhula za njira United States
amagwiritsa ntchito-mphamvu zankhondo, kukakamiza pazachuma-kukakamiza kukhazikitsidwa kosiyana kwa
kugawidwa kwa katundu padziko lonse lapansi. Pambuyo pake, zimakhala zovuta kuti musakhale
wokongola kwambiri pakufuna chilungamo.
Kodi
chilungamo? Kodi timapanga bwanji kukhala zenizeni padziko lapansi?
Ndikadayamba
ndi anthu, kufunikira kwathu kwa anthu ena. Ndife omangidwa kwa wina ndi mzake,
ndipo funso ndi momwe timapangira maubwenzi amenewo. Makhalidwe ndi chiyani,
zauzimu, ndi zakuthupi zofunika kuti anthu azikhala pagulu? Za ine,
izo zikutanthauza kutsatira njira za Khristu, koma izo zikutanthauza mu
konkire ndi momwe timamasulira zomwe zimakhala zovuta.
Ndi chilungamo
zotheka m'dongosolo lathu lino lazachuma?
Kunena zoona, I
musaganize choncho. Simungathe kukonda Mulungu ndi ndalama. Simungakhazikitse moyo wanu pa
kugula katundu ndi kukhala ndi makhalidwe, nawonso. Muyenera kukhazikitsa moyo wanu pa chilungamo
kugawa katundu, osati kupeza kwawo. Lingaliro lakuti aliyense ayenera
kukhala ndi zokwanira-ndipo ngakhale pang'ono kuposa zokwanira kupereka mpumulo ndi
mtendere ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu komanso wofunikira pa chikhalidwe cha Katolika
kuphunzitsa. Koma kupitirira mulingo umenewo, kupeza kumakhala koipa. Ndipo izi ndi a
anthu potengera kupeza.
Ndi
Kudzipereka kwa America ku zomwe zimatchedwa kuti free market economics zogwirizana ndi
gulu?
Lingaliro loti
tonse ndife anthu amodzi ndi gawo la miyambo yachikatolika, koma sindikuganiza
anthu amazindikira kuti malingaliro amenewo akuyanjanitsidwa bwanji pamsika. Ambiri
anthu alibe nthawi kuyang'ana mmene mfundo msika akutikhudza. Koma
tikuyenera kumvetsetsa momwe dziko likuyendetsedwa ndi mabungwe
monga International Monetary Fund, kuchuluka kwa zisankho kumakhazikitsidwa
osati pa nkhawa za anthu koma pa ndalama.
Izi ndi
chikhalidwe chamunthu payekha ndipo tili ndi ntchito yambiri yoti tichite pamalingaliro
kuti munthu akhozadi kugawana zinthu ndi kugawana moyo wake. Tsoka ilo, sitiri
kumva izo kuchokera pa maguwa momwe ife tikusowa.
Ntchito yanu mu
makhalidwe ndi ndale siziyang'ana pa kugonana kapena kuchotsa mimba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawoneka
kukhala zofunika kwambiri za Tchalitchi cha Katolika. Chifukwa chiyani?
Chikhalidwe ichi
zimakonda kuchepetsa makhalidwe abwino kuchokera ku funso la chikhalidwe cha anthu kupita ku chinthu chaumwini. Koma ndi
maganizo okhudza kugonana, osati munthu payekha-komanso kumaliseche
munthu. Ndi zopuwala kuchepetsa makhalidwe kuti izo.
Ndikufuna aliyense
kukhala ndi moyo wophatikizika pakugonana komanso moyo wachiyero pakugonana. Koma tiyenera kupeza athu
zoika patsogolo molunjika. Kodi tingawonjezere zimene timaona kuti ndi zoipa? Ngati
wina amati “Ndi mkazi wachiwerewere,” anthu nthaŵi yomweyo amaganiza za kugonana
khalidwe. Koma bwanji ngati tifunsa funso la anthu omwe ali ndi angapo
nyumba ndi bwato, pamene abale ndi alongo awo akuyenda m’makwalala akuyang’ana
pa chakudya—kodi chimenecho ndicho chisembwere? Limenelo ndi funso limene silimabwera m’maganizo mwathu.
Kuti apange izi
Ndinafunsa anthu kuti, “Pamene tinaponya bomba ku Hiroshima—pamene ife
anapha anthu 135,000 pamalo omwe sanali ankhondo—chimene chinachititsa Akatolika a ku United States
mabishopu ati?” Yankho ndilo, palibe. Koma bwanji ngati Enola Gay atagwa
135,000 makondomu pa Hiroshima? Pakanakhala ndi mtundu ndi kulira komwe sikukanakhala
zatha mpaka lero.
Ndiosavuta kutero
kuloza chala chathu pa kugonana. Koma ine ndikuganiza pamafunika kulimba mtima ndi zina
kufunitsitsa kutaya udindo, kutaya mphamvu za dziko, kufunsa mitundu ina ya makhalidwe
mafunso, kutsutsa opondereza ndi mphamvu yomasula.
Iraq idachita bwanji
ndipo kuchotsedwa kwa zilango kumakhala kofunika kwa inu?
Mwachidule
yankho ndi Yesu. Yankho lalitali ndiloti makolo anga anabadwira ku Lebanoni, koma
ndinakulira ku US, ndipo ndakhala ndikuchita chidwi ndi Middle East. Kuti
chidwi chinawonjezeka pamene ndinayamba chipembedzo; awa anali malo amene Yesu
anayenda mozungulira. Kudzipereka kwa kusachita zachiwawa kunandipangitsa kukhala ndi nkhawa. Ndiye liti
mu 1990-91 tinali ndi kuphedwa kwa Gulf War, nkhawa zonsezo zidakumana.
Ine ndinali
ndikugwira ntchito pankhondo yanyukiliya kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ndidawona izi posachedwa pomwe Soviet
Union idagwa tipeza mdani watsopano ndipo motsimikiza adakhala Arabu
anthu ndi Asilamu. Chifukwa chake ndakhala ndikutsata ziwanda za akuluakulu aku US
otchedwa adani, kunena, “Ayi, ayi, imeneyo si njira yolondola.” Kuyambira ku
Gulf War, kupha sikunayime ndipo ndikhala nawo mpaka atasiya
kupha ma Iraqi.
pamene inu
lankhulani za anthu wamba miliyoni imodzi omwe akumwalira chifukwa cha kuzingidwa kwa Iraq, inu
agwiritsa ntchito mawu oti zoipa. Mukutanthauza chiyani pamenepa?
Monga ethicist,
choipa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe ndimazitafuna. Tilinso ndi chuma chodabwitsa ichi
miyambo ya ziwanda mu Chikhristu, ya munthu woyipa akufuna kuwononga
umunthu. Lusifala ndi mdani wa umunthu wathu, mtundu wa mphamvu yogwira ntchito
Zimenezo ndi zotsutsana ndi anthu, zotsutsana ndi umunthu.
Pamene anthu
wogwidwa ndi mphamvu ndi udindo, wosawona kupha, uku ndiye
zinthu za ziwanda. Mukapita ku Iraq ndikuwona kuzunzika, ndiyeno bwerani
kubwerera ku United States ndikumva anthu akulankhula za momwe ndondomekoyi ilili yoyenera
mtengo, ndizovuta kutsutsa simukuchita ndi zinazake zauchiwanda. Bwanji
kodi anthu sakanakhudzidwa ndi izi?
Nthawi ina ndinamva a
Wothandizira ndale akuti, "A Iraqi ayenera kudziwa ngati asiyana
Mfundo zakunja zaku America zili ndi zotsatirapo. ” Mukafika pamenepo,
kumene umunthu watsekeredwa, ndizothandiza kwambiri kukhala ndi chiphunzitso
amene amanena kuti pali chinachake choposa choipa chimene chikuchitika, pali
mphamvu yogwira ntchito yomwe ikuyesera kugonjetsa anthu.
Ndiko kumene anga
chikhulupiriro ndi chofunika kwambiri. Ndayima pabedi la ana akumwalira ku Iraq ngati a
zotsatira zachindunji za ndondomeko yathu-mwa mapangidwe, ndizomwe zilango zimapangidwira
kuchita. Koma pali chiyembekezo, mwa zina chifukwa Yesu adapeza njira yowombola onse
kuti, kuphatikizapo anthu amene anathawa pamene iwo amayenera kuvutika ndi
anthu amene anachita zoipa.
Tiyeni tizipita
kubwerera ku kusiyana kwanu kwa chiphunzitso ndi Akhristu oyambilira, omwe nthawi zambiri
amalimbikira kuti Chikhristu ndi njira yokhayo yopulumutsira. Mumathana nazo bwanji
izo?
M'modzi mwa
zinthu zimene Asilamu amanena, ndipo zikunenedwa mu Korani, ndi kuti Mulungu akhoza
atipanga tonse kukhala gulu limodzi, koma ndife madera osiyanasiyana kotero kuti ife
akhoza kupikisana wina ndi mzake mu ntchito zabwino. Chifukwa chake ngati tikufuna kutsimikizira, monga Akhristu,
kuti tili ndi njira yabwino yopitira kwa Mulungu, ndiye tingachite bwanji zimenezo? More moyo, more
kumasulidwa, chilungamo chochuluka. Ngati kukhulupirira mwa Mulungu ndi chilungamo m'ntchito, tiyeni
kupikisana wina ndi mzake, tiyeni tiwonetsere kuti tili ndi njira yabwino kudzera muzochita za
kumasulidwa ndi chilungamo.
Ikunena mu
Baibulo—ndipo iyi ndi bugaboo kwa iwo amene amakhulupirira mokha
Chikhristu—choti “palibe amene angadze kwa Atate osadzera mwa ine” kuchokera mu Baibulo
uthenga wabwino wa Yohane. Koma ine ndikuganiza njira yowerengera izo ndi yakuti Yesu akunena, “Ngati
mufuna ubale wa mtundu ndi Mulungu, umene ndiutcha Atate, ndiye yekhayo
njira yomwe udzapeze ikubwera kudzera mwa ine." Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti ndiye
njira yokhayo yolumikizana ndi Mulungu, momwe Yesu anachitira. Mulungu ndi wolemera komanso wolemera
mu uzimu kuti pali zikwi za njira zofikira kwa Mulungu.
Inunso
zimawoneka zomasuka kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi omenyera ndale.
Pamene ndiyamba
ndinabwera ku New York ndinakumana ndi anthu ambiri a socialists ndipo ndinachita chidwi ndi awo
kudzipereka ku dziko labwino. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimafanana. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi chiyani
Chofunika kwambiri ndi maubwenzi apamtima. Anthu amagwira ntchito ndi inu ndikuwona
zomwe mumadzera chifukwa cha iwo, mosiyana, ndipo mumakulitsa ulemu. Ndiye
Anthu amayamba kufunsana kuti, "N'chiyani chimakupangitsani kuti mumve?" Ndi mwambo mu
Mpingo wachikhristu kuona kufanana mu zokhumba za anthu.
The
stereotype of the Catholic pacifist ndi munthu wodekha, wodzichepetsa. Komabe mukhoza kutero
zachabechabe ndi zaukali m’nkhani zanu za onse.
Ndimakonda kuyang'ana
kwa aneneri, omwe anali olankhula momveka bwino komanso anzeru komanso ankhanza kwambiri
nthawi zina. Ndikanakonda ndikanakhala wankhanza mwaulamuliro monga iwo. Yesu anatenga
pa achinyengo ndipo anali ndi kuphulika kwa mkwiyo ndi kukhumudwa pa khungu
a atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi andale. Ndikuyeseranso kulinganiza izo ndi
udindo wanga monga m'busa, umene umafuna kukhala wodekha ndi anthu.
Mukupeza
n’kovuta kupeŵa kukhala wopembedza mopambanitsa kapena kudzilungamitsa?
Kwa ine, in
Chikhristu pali kupitilira komwe kumalola, mu zinthu zabwino kwambiri, a
nthabwala, mtundu wosatsimikiza za polojekiti yomwe mukupanga.
Mukuzindikira, pulojekiti yomwe ndikuchita ndi yofunika koma osati yomaliza. Pali
chodalira chimodzi chokha; ndi Mulungu ndipo sindine ameneyo. Tiyenera kudzitenga tokha
kwambiri, koma osati kwenikweni kwambiri. Kukhoza kuchotsa zinthu
chopondapo kwambiri chimatipatsa chipinda chopumira komanso kamphindi ka nthabwala.
Ambiri achipembedzo
anthu samawona Chikhristu kukhala chofunikira pa moyo wawo, makamaka wawo
moyo wandale. Kodi mungatsutse bwanji kugwirizana kumeneku?
Yesu analowa
limodzi la maiko ogonjetsedwawo olamuliridwa ndi mphamvu yokhayo yapanthaŵi yake.
Roma idadziwa zomwe umayenera kuchita kuti ukhazikitse ufumu, monganso ufumu waku America uwu
lero akudziwa. Panali zinthu zabwino zokhudza ufumu wa Roma—misewu yabwino,
lamulo losasinthasintha—monga momwe zilili ndi zinthu zabwino zokhudza ufumu umenewu. Koma ngati inu
mutachoka pamzere, mumayikidwa pa mtanda.
Inu mukuwerenga za
ulemerero wa Greece ndi ulemerero wa Roma, koma nanga bwanji anthu iwo
anagonjetsa ndani amene sanafune kulamuliridwa? Iwowo ndi anthu omwe kwa iwo
Yesu anadza ndi amene anakhala ndi moyo ndi kufa. Kumbukirani, kuti mupachikidwe, inu munali nako
kuweruzidwa chifukwa choukira ufumuwo. Izo zikunena zambiri za wathu
kufotokoza ntchito monga Akhristu.
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