AKu sitolo yaikulu ya Ikea ku Saudi Arabia mu 2004, anthu atatu anaphedwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa ogula akumenyera imodzi mwa ma voucha a ngongole a $ 150. Mofananamo, mu November 2008, wogwira ntchito ku New York Wal-Mart anapondedwa mpaka kufa ndi ogula pofuna kugula imodzi mwa chiwerengero chochepa cha HDTV ya plasma ya mainchesi 50.
Jdiniytai Damour, wogwira ntchito yokonza kwakanthawi adaphedwa pa "Black Friday." Mumdima wa mbandakucha, ogula pafupifupi 2,000 anadikirira kunja kwa Wal-Mart, akumaimba, "Kankhirani zitseko mkati." Malinga ndi wantchito mnzake wa Damour, Jimmy Overby, "Anathamangitsidwa ndi anthu a 200. Anachotsa zitseko pazitsulo. Anaponderezedwa ndi kuphedwa pamaso panga." Mboni zinanena kuti Damour, wazaka 34, adapuma mpweya pamene ogula akupitirizabe kumugwira. Apolisi atauza ogula kuti achoke m'sitolo Damour atamwalira, ambiri adakana, ena akufuula kuti, "Ndakhala pamzere kuyambira dzulo m'mawa."
Atolankhani ambiri ofotokoza za imfa ya Damour anangoyang'ana za gulu la ogula openga ndipo, pang'ono, osasamala a Wal-Mart omwe adalephera kupereka chitetezo. Komabe, kulibe mโmanyuzipepala akampani kunalibe kalikonse ponena za chikhalidwe cha ogula ndi chitaganya chamisala mmene otsatsa, otsatsa malonda, ndi mawailesi oulutsira mawu amalimbikitsa kulambira zinthu zotsika mtengo.
Pamodzi ndi atolankhani, akatswiri anzanga azamisala adalembanso zamisala ya anthu. Kupatulapo ndi psychoanalyst wa demokalase-socialist Erich Fromm (1900-1980). Fromm, inu The Sane Society (1955), analemba kuti: โKomabe akatswiri ambiri a zamaganizo ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo amakana kukhala ndi lingaliro lakuti chitaganya chonse chingakhale chopanda misala. , osati za kusokonekera kwa chikhalidwe chenichenicho.
Ngakhale kuti anthu amatha kukana mabodza a zinthu zotsika mtengo komanso osapembedza ku Wal-Mart, Ikea, ndi matchalitchi ena akuluakulu a bokosi - ndi kupeลตa njira ya gulu la ogula okhazikika - nkovuta kudziteteza ku imfa yapang'onopang'ono. ndi chikhalidwe cha ogula. Anthu tsiku ndi tsiku amazunzidwa m'maganizo, m'magulu, komanso muuzimu ndi chikhalidwe chomwe:
- zimapanga zoyembekeza zochulukira zakuthupi
- amatsitsa kugwirizana kwa anthu
- amacheza ndi anthu kuti adzitengere okha
- amathetsa kudzidalira
- Amapatutsa anthu ku machitidwe achibadwa aumunthu
- amagulitsa chiyembekezo chabodza chomwe chimapangitsa kupweteka kwambiri
Kuchulukitsa ziyembekezo zakuthupi. Zoyembekeza izi nthawi zambiri sizikwaniritsidwa ndipo zimabweretsa zowawa, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zamalingaliro ndi machitidwe owononga. Mu kafukufuku waposachedwa wa 1998 wowunika kusintha kwa thanzi la anthu osamukira ku Mexico omwe adabwera ku United States, wofufuza za mfundo za boma William Vega adapeza kuti kutengera anthu aku US kumatanthauza kuwirikiza katatu kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kwa anthu osamukira kumayiko ena. Vega adapezanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso makhalidwe ena oipa. Ambiri mwa anthu othawa kwawowa adadzipeza ali ndi zowawa za zoyembekeza zowonjezera zakuthupi zomwe sizinakhutitsidwe ndipo adanenanso za ululu wa kuchepa kwa chithandizo cha anthu.
Kuchepetsa kugwirizana kwa anthu. Phunziro la 2006 mu American Sociological Review ananena kuti chiลตerengero cha Achimereka amene ananena kuti alibe mnzawo wapamtima mmodzi woti amโululire zakukhosi chinakwera mโzaka 20 zapitazi kuchoka pa 10 peresenti kufika pafupifupi 25 peresenti. Kudzipatula kumayenderana kwambiri ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi mavuto ena amalingaliro. Kuwonjezeka kwa kusungulumwa, komabe, ndi nkhani yabwino kwa chuma cha ogula chomwe chikukula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa "magawo ogula" -anthu osungulumwa amatanthauza kugulitsa ma TV ambiri, ma DVD, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zina zotero.
Kumalimbikitsa kudzikonda. Kudziletsa ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zambiri zomwe US โโโโakuchulukirachulukira pakukhumudwa komanso zovuta zina zamalingaliro-ndipo kudzikonda ndi zomwe chikhalidwe cha ogula chimafuna. Buddha, zaka 2,500 zapitazo, adazindikira ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kulakalaka kodzikonda ndi zovuta zamalingaliro, ndipo ambiri owonera anthu, kuchokera ku Spinoza kupita ku Erich Fromm, afika pamalingaliro ofananawo.
Amathetsa kudzidalira. Kutaya kudzidalira kungayambitse nkhawa yopweteka, yomwe imayambitsa kuvutika maganizo ndi makhalidwe ena ovuta. Mโchitaganya chamakono, chiลตerengero chomawonjezereka cha anthuโakazi ndi amunaโsakhoza kuphika chakudya wamba. Sadzadziลตa konse zotulukapo zotsutsa nkhaลตa za kukhala osungika mโkukhoza kwawo kudzikonzera okha chakudya, kulima ndiwo zamasamba, kusaka, nsomba, kapena kusonkhanitsa chakudya kuti apulumuke. Mu chikhalidwe cha ogula, kudzidalira koteroko sikumveka. Pamlingo wina, anthu amadziwa kuti ngati atataya ndalama zawo - osati zosatheka masiku ano - sangathe kukhala ndi moyo.
Kutalikirana ndi umunthu. Ansembe a chikhalidwe cha ogulaโotsatsa malonda ndi otsatsa malondaโamadziลตa kuti ogula amene ali ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba adzagula zambiri ngati atalikirana ndi zochita zachibadwa monga kunyongโonyeka, kukhumudwa, chisoni, ndi nkhaลตa. Ngati ansembewa angatitsimikizire kuti mkhalidwe wamaganizo woperekedwa ndi wochititsa manyazi kapena umboni wa matenda, ndiye kuti tidzakhala okhoza kugula osati mankhwala amisala okha, komanso mitundu yonse ya mankhwala kuti timve bwino. Tikakhala ndi mantha komanso kukhala otalikirana ndi momwe munthu amachitira, "kuwawa kopitilira muyeso" kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti munthu avutike maganizo ndi makhalidwe ena odziwononga okha ndi zochita zovulaza.
Ululu wa chiyembekezo chabodza. Chiyembekezo chabodza cha kugulitsa zinthu kokhazikika ndikuti tsiku lina tidzapeza chinthu chomwe chingathe kuwongolera malingaliro popanda zovuta zilizonse. Psychiatry yamakono ndi membala wathunthu wa chikhalidwe cha ogula. "Holy Grail" yake ndi kufufuza kwa antidepressant komwe kungathe kuchotsa ululu wa kukhumudwa, koma osawononga moyo. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19, Freud ankaganiza kuti analipeza ndi cocaine. Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 20, akatswiri amisala ankaganiza kuti analipeza ndi amphetamines, ndipo pambuyo pake ndi tricyclic antidepressants monga Tofranil ndi Elavil. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20, panali ma SSRI, monga Prozac, Paxil, ndi Zoloft, omwe pamapeto pake adapezeka kuti akupanga kudalira ndi kusiya zowawa komanso kukhala osagwira ntchito kuposa placebos. Kaya mankhwala a antidepressant ndi otani, amayambitsidwa ngati kuchotsa kukhumudwa popanda kuwononga moyo. Nthaลตi ndi nthaลตi, zimadziลตika kuti munthu akamagwiritsira ntchito ma neurotransmitters, pamakhalaโmonga momwe zimakhalira ndi electroshock ndi psycho-operationโkuwonongeka kwa moyo.
Fokonda zinthu zauzimu amakana zonse chifukwa ndi chidziwitso. Otsatira mfundo zachikhazikitso amamatira ku chiphunzitso chawo ndipo ngati chiphunzitso chawo chalephera, sachisiya, koma mmalo mwake amatsimikiza kukulitsa chikhulupiriro chawo ndi kuwirikiza pa chiphunzitso chawo.
Erich Fromm, zaka 54 zapitazo, anamaliza kuti: โMunthu [sic] lerolino akuyangโanizana ndi chosankha chofunika koposa; osati pakati pa Ukapitalist kapena Chikomyunizimu, koma pakati pa kuloboti (ya ponse paลตiri ukapitalist ndi mitundu ya chikomyunizimu), kapena Humanistic Communitarian Socialism. Mfundo zambiri zimawoneka kuti zikuwonetsa kuti akusankha robotism ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti, m'kupita kwanthawi, misala ndi chiwonongeko chonsecho sichili champhamvu kuti chiwononge chikhulupiriro cha munthu, chifuniro chabwino, ndi kuganiza bwino mwa njira zina, sitinataye."
Kusiya kutsatira mfundo zachikhazikitso kumatanthauza kuganizira za njira zina ndipo kumatanthauzanso kusamvera: kusankha kukumana ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya moyo yomwe yasiyanitsidwa ndi chiphunzitsocho.
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Bruce E. Levine ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi wolemba Kupulumuka Mliri Wakuvutika Maganizo ku America: Momwe Mungapezere Khalidwe, Mphamvu, ndi Gulu Padziko Lonse Lopenga (Chelsea Green Publishing, 2007).