Ziribe kanthu kuti ndinu ndani kapena komwe mukukhala, Monsanto yalanda moyo wanu. Pulofesa Sarah Kanouse, yemwe ndi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wogawa mbewu, mankhwala aulimi, komanso sayansi yasayansi, sizikhudza alimi okha, komanso zikhalidwe za aliyense amene amalima kapena kudya chakudya padziko lapansi pano. "Palibe malo omwe sakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala a Monsanto," akutero Kanouse. "Palibe malo omwe chuma chawo sichinakhalepo, chilengedwe chawo, matupi awo omwe adaipitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu zawo. Posachedwapa ma GMO, koma m'mbuyomu Dioxin ndi PCBs, Asparteme, ndi zinthu zonsezi. "
Membala wa Compass, gulu lalikulu la akatswiri ojambula ndi omenyera ufulu omwe amagwirizana kulimbikitsa chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chilengedwe, Kanouse adakonza zokambirana zachipongwe kwa maola atatu Loweruka, April 21, mu holo yaing'ono ya sukulu ya malamulo. Mlanduwo unayamba pamene โoweruzaโ asanu ovala mikanjo yakuda analoลตa ndi kukhala pampando.
Kanouse adatumikira monga woyimira anthu ndipo adalengeza kuti sakuyenera kuperekedwa chifukwa Monsanto ili ndi bajeti yokwanira yotsatsa, maubale, kukopa anthu, ndi zina zotero. Adanenanso kuti mayiko ambiri ali ndi ndalama zokwana $17 biliyoni komanso ndalama zokwana $10.5 biliyoni pachaka.
Woyamba kuchitira umboni anali msilikali wankhondo yemwe zolemba zake zojambulidwa kale zidawonekera pazenera. Atawonetsedwa kwa Agent Orange ali ku Vietnam, Bill Kapp adadwala matenda a Hepatitis C ndipo adapita kuchipatala cha Mayo kuti akalandire chithandizo cha Interferon zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo. Zimenezi zinachititsa kunjenjemera kosalekeza mโdzanja lake lamanja. "Ndisanalandire chithandizocho ndidatha kumanga nyumba yanga," adatero, mkono wake ukugwedezeka. "Tsopano sindingathe kunyamula nyundo."
Ngakhale kuti anali wolumala chifukwa cha chithandizo, zotsatira zomwe zinatsimikiziridwa ndi Veteran's Hospital ku Iowa City, Monsanto anathawa udindo walamulo.
Monsanto, Chilamulo, ndi Chilengedwe
Kanouse akuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachinyengo pofuna kuyankha mlandu kumabweretsa mafunso okhudza malamulo. "Choyenera, ndondomeko yazamalamulo ili ndi magawo angapo," akutero. "Ndi mwayi woti umboni uwerengedwe, kuti anthu abwere kudzalankhula, chowonadi ndi choyipa chidziwike, ndikubwezeranso. Zomwe taziwona mobwerezabwereza ndi milandu yambiri yotsutsana ndi Monsanto ndi yakuti malamulo akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ndalama. "
Zotsatira zake, akutero Kanouse, ndikuti malamulo omwe alipo amangozindikira mitundu ina ya zovulaza zomwe zingayesedwe mwakuthupi kapena mwandalama, kusiya zovulaza zomwe zimakhala zosaoneka bwino zomwe sizikudziwika ndi malamulo athu. "Kodi mtengo wake ndi wotani ndipo chikhalidwe cha mtsinje kapena agulugufe kapena nsomba ndi chiyani?" akufunsa. "Izi ndi zolengedwa zonse zomwe zilibe kubwezeredwa kukhothi lamilandu."
Anthu ambiri akhala akukayikira kwa nthawi yayitali kugwirizana pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) yomwe yakhala ikuwononga njuchi padziko lonse lapansi. Posachedwa Poland idaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito chimanga cha Monsanto's Mon810, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale dziko loyamba kuzindikira momwe ma GMO amakhudzira njuchi.
Boma la feduro, lokhudzidwa ndi okopa alendo komanso ndalama zoyendetsera kampeni, silinachite zambiri kuteteza ogula, alimi achilengedwe, kapena chilengedwe. Kazembe wakale wa Iowa Tom Vilsack, yemwe kampani yake yazamalamulo idateteza Monsanto m'milandu yamilandu, adasankhidwa ndi Purezidenti Barack Obama kukhala mlembi waulimi, kusagwirizana koonekeratu.
โNkhanza zoipitsitsa za Monsanto zachitika, osati ku United States, koma mโmaiko ena,โ akutero Kaouse, akumaona mmene Monsanto anakankhira ulimi wa mankhwala ku India.
Khola la Bt la Monsanto Tsoka Ku India
Thonje ndi biringanya (brinjal) inali mbewu ziwiri zopindulitsa kwambiri ku India. Ophunzira awiri a PhD ochokera ku India omwe amadzitcha kuti "Thonje" ndi "Brinjal," adalankhula za kuwonongeka kwa Monsanto ku mafamu a thonje ndi biringanya m'dziko lawo. โKu India, chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwa zokolola ndi kukwera kwa mitengo yambewu, alimi osauka ongolima anayamba kugwa ndipo alimi ovutikirawa anayamba kudzipha,โ anatero Cotton. โNthaลตi zambiri, ankadzipha mwa kumwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe a Monsanto anawapatsaโumboni woipa kwambiri umene Monsanto yawononga miyoyo ya alimi athu.โ Cotton adati alimi opitilira 17,000 adadzipha mchaka cha 2009, chaka chomwe adawerengera komaliza. Kenako adalongosola momwe Monsanto idayambira kubaya mbewu zosakanizidwa za thonje za ku India ndi bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bakiteriya m'nthaka yomwe imathandiza kuthana ndi tizirombo ta thonje. Monsanto inagwirizana ndi Mahyco, kampani ya ku India, ndipo ndi malonjezo kwa alimi okhudza zokolola zambiri ndi kutsika kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. thonje la Bt linavomerezedwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito pamalonda mu 2002.
"Alimi omwe ankagula mbewu za thonje pa $7 kale pano amayenera kugula thonje la Bt pa $40," adatero Cotton. Mtengo wokwera umayenera kukhala wofunika chifukwa thonje la Bt limatha kuthana ndi tizirombo zonsezi ndipo silingafune mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Koma, zinthu zonsezi zimene analonjeza kuti zidzachitika malinga ndi zimene anaona mโma lab, sizinagwire ntchito pansi.โ
Thonje adati thonje la Bt linalephera kotheratu ndipo linasiya alimi mโngongole zazikulu zachuma. "Thonje la Bt linalephera kuletsa kuukira kwa bollworm komwe adapangidwira ndipo alimi adayenera kupopera mankhwala ophera tizirombo tina," adatero Cotton. "Choncho, sizinangochitika kuti tizilombo tosamva tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, thonje la Bt linali lotetezeka ku tizirombo ndi matenda kusiyana ndi mitundu yakale. Monsanto ndi Mahyco anaimba mlandu alimi osauka chifukwa chosathirira bwino mโminda yawo.โ
Thonje adaseweredwa ndi Abhilash Kizhakke Puliyakote, wophunzira wa PhD biomedical engineering yemwe amakhulupirira kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wasayansi kuti apititse patsogolo miyoyo ya anthu, koma pokhapokha atayesedwa mozama ndi maphunziro owunikira anzawo, ndi chilolezo chodziwitsidwa.
Brinjal, kutanthauza biringanya, adaseweredwa ndi Renu Pariyadath, wophunzira wa PhD mu maphunziro oyankhulana ku yunivesite ya Iowa. Brinjal adati Monsanto ikukonzekeranso kuyambitsa chakudya cha GM kuti anthu adye kwa nthawi yoyamba. Pali mitundu 2,500 ya biringanya ku India. "Ankafuna makoswe mabiliyoni oti ayesere," adatero. โKoma, taphunzirapo kanthu pa thonje la Bt. The Genetic Engineering Approval Committee ku India inavomereza Bt brinjal kulima malonda mu October 2009. Asayansi, alimi, odana ndi GM adakwiya ndipo anafotokoza nkhawa yawo ndi zionetsero zapadziko lonse.
Brinjal adanenanso kuti anthu m'dziko lonselo adasala kudya tsiku limodzi lathunthu mu Januware 2010, tsiku lomwe linali tsiku lokumbukira kumwalira kwa Mahatma Gandhi, "Kutsutsa kutaya ufulu wathu wopambana ndikuteteza ufulu wathu wazakudya," adatero. "Madera khumi ndi atatu ku India adagwirizana pankhondo yolimbana ndi Bt brinjal ndipo pamapeto pake tidapambana."
Boma la India lidayimitsa Bt brinjal, koma mpaka mayeso ochulukira achitika ndipo apezeka kuti ndi otetezeka kuti anthu adye.
Puliyakote ndi Pariyadath onse ndi mamembala a Association for India's Development (AID), gulu lodzipereka lomwe limagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi GM ku India. AID ndiwothandizira ntchito zachitukuko zokhazikika ku India. "Tinayambitsa mutu wa ophunzira wa AID chaka chatha ku yunivesite ya Iowa ndipo tinaganiza kuti njira ya Monsanto Hearings idzakhala njira yabwino yodziwira ena omwe anali ndi chidwi ndi zifukwa zomwezo monga ife," Pariyadath analemba mu imelo yaposachedwapa. "Misonkhano ya Monsanto inali mwayi wabwino kwambiri kwa ife kuti tiwonetsere zovuta za alimi a ku India omwe akulephera kulimbana ndi mabungwe ndipo akusowa mawu."
Kudyetsa Dziko Lapansi
Scott Koepke, wolimbikitsa chakudya m'deralo yemwe amaphunzitsa achinyamata za kufunika kwa nthaka yabwino pakupanga chakudya, anabweretsa dengu pamalopo. "Chakudya chiyenera kudya poyamba," Koepke adanena kuti amauza ophunzira ake. Anafikira mudengu ndikutulutsa dothi lakuda lodzaza ndi dzanja ndipo adati mulibe feteleza wamankhwala otetezeka, siwotetezeka kapena ofunikira.
Iye analankhula za โchiwonongeko chodabwitsaโ chimene makemikolo ali nacho panthaka, kupangitsa dothi kukhala lakufa. Anati zinthu zachilengedwe zimamanga nthaka kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zakudya zofunikira zikhalepo. Atagwira nyongolotsi zomwe adazichotsa m'nthaka, adafotokoza kufunika kolumikizana pakati pa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana komanso kusanja bwino. Iye anati: โMankhwala ndi kupha munthu. Mankhwala abwino kwambiri ndi dothi labwino.
Mphamvu ya Monsanto vs. Mphamvu ya Anthu
Mboni zina zinapereka umboni wokhudza kuvulazidwa kwa chilengedwe kuchokera ku kusintha kwa majini a Monsanto ndi chikoka cha ndalama za Monsanto pa mabungwe ofufuza ndi mabungwe olamulira, komanso machitidwe athu a ndale, malamulo, ndi ulimi.
Kanouse akuti simukuyenera kutsutsana ndi ma GMO kapena sayansi kuti mukhale ndi nkhawa ndi gawo la Monsanto pakusintha ulimi. "Simukuyenera kukhala mlimi wa organic kuti muvulazidwe mwanjira ina Monsanto imatulutsa kudalirana, ngakhale kwa alimi wamba, komwe kumakhala kotheka kuchita chilichonse kunja kwa dera lawo. Ndipo ichi ndichinthu chomwe chiyenera kukhala, ndikuganiza, chodetsa nkhawa kwa aliyense, ngakhale kwa iwo omwe akhala alimi amankhwala kwa zaka zambiri. โ
Mโmawu ake amene anatulutsidwa mlanduwo usanachitike, Komiti Yogwirizanitsa ya Mzinda wa Iowa ya Compass inalemba kuti: โPansi pa malamulo amakono, Monsanto imapatsidwa ufulu wa โmunthuโ wovomerezeka, pamene anthu osakhala nzika za dziko ndi mabungwe osakhala aumunthu mโchilengedwe chathu sakudziwika. Ngakhale milandu yakale yotsutsana ndi a Monsanto ndi alimi a organic, yomwe timathandizira mokwanira, iyenera kupondaponda pazambiri zaukadaulo wapatent ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa kukopera pazakudya zosinthidwa ma genetic. Cholinga chathu ndichoti tiganizire za nkhani zonse ndi kufotokoza zamoyo zonse monga otsutsa omwe angakhale oimba mlandu pa milandu ya Monsanto. "
"Ndimawona zaluso kwambiri ngati malo omwe timaphunzira kuganiza mosiyana ndikuwona mosiyana," akutero Kanouse. โKaya ndi chojambula kapena chochitika ngati ichi. Pamapeto pake tikuyembekeza kuti polojekitiyi idzakhala chinthu chomwe anthu omwe sitikuwadziwa angatengere nkhaniyi m'madera awo."
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Gloria Williams ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira pawokha, womenyera ufulu, komanso membala wa War Resisters League. Zithunzi zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zidatengedwa ndi Williams.