Cedrico Green sangakumbukire ndendende kangati komwe adapita ku ubwana. Akafunsidwa kuti angoyerekeza akuti, "Mwina 30." Anaikidwa mโmayesero ndi woweruza wa khoti la achinyamata chifukwa chochita ndewu pamene anali mโgiredi XNUMX. Pambuyo pake, zolakwa zilizonse zakusukulu za Green, kuyambira kuchedwa kwa mphindi zingapo mkalasi mpaka kuphwanya kavalidwe kasukulu povala masokosi olakwika, amawerengedwa ngati kuphwanya mayeso ake ndikumuyimitsa nthawi yomweyo ndikutsekeredwa m'ndende yachinyamata. pakati.
Koma Green sanali yekha. Mlandu wotsutsana ndi Dipatimenti Yachilungamo yomwe idasumira mwezi watha motsutsana ndi Meridian, Abiti., Kumene Green amakhala ndipo akuyenera kumaliza maphunziro a kusekondale chaka chomwe chikubwerachi, akuti bungwe lazachilungamo la achinyamata mumzindawu layendetsa payipi yopita kundende yomwe imathamangitsa ophunzira kusukulu. ndi kuphwanya malamulo, ndikuphwanya ufulu wa achinyamata panjira.
Ku Meridian, masukulu akafuna kulanga ana, amachita zambiri osati kungowatumiza ku ofesi ya mphunzitsi wamkulu. Amayitana apolisi, omwe amawonetsa kuti amange ana omwe ali ndi zaka 10. Kumangidwa, Dipatimenti Yachilungamo imati, zimachitika zokha, mosasamala kanthu kuti wapolisi akudziwa ndendende cholakwa chomwe mwanayo wachita kapena ngati cholakwacho ndi choyenera kumangidwa. Ndondomeko ya apolisi ndikumanga ana onse omwe atumizidwa ku bungweli.
Anawo akalowa mโbungwe lachilungamo la achinyamata, amamanidwa ufulu wotsatira malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino. Amamangidwa unyolo ndi kutsekeredwa m'ndende kwa masiku osamvedwa ndipo kenako amasungidwa osamvetsetsa zomwe akuti akuphwanya malamulo.
"[D]ozengedwa mlandu amachita zinthu zosemphana ndi malamulo zomwe amamanga ndi kumanga ana nthawi zonse komanso mwadongosolo, kuphatikizira kuphwanya malamulo ang'onoang'ono a sukulu, popanda ngakhale njira zodzitetezera, komanso kuphwanya ufulu wa ana awa," dandaulo la masamba 37 la DOJ likuwerengedwa. Zaka za Meridian zozunzika mwadongosolo zimalanga achinyamata "mopanda malire komanso mowopsa mpaka kudabwitsa chikumbumtima," madandaulowo amawerengedwa.
Mlandu wa federal umapereka ukonde waukulu potsutsa machitidwe omwe adagwira ntchito yoletsa ana a Meridian ufulu wawo walamulo. Amatchula ngati otsutsa boma la Mississippi; mzinda wa Meridian; Lauderdale County, yomwe imayendetsa Lauderdale County Youth Court; ndi Oweruza a Khothi Lachinyamata Wozenga mlandu Frank Coleman ndi Veldore Young chifukwa chophwanya ufulu wa ophunzira a Meridian mmwamba ndi pansi.
Dandaulo la a DOJ likutinso pakufufuza kwawo kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu mzindawu udaletsa kufufuzako pokana kupereka zolemba za khothi la achinyamata. Oyimira akuluakulu a mzinda kani zomwe akunena, ndikuti ali omangidwa ndi lamulo kuteteza chinsinsi cha achinyamata omwe adadutsa mudongosololi ndipo sangathe kugawana zolemba zawo ndi boma.
'Woweruza, Jury ndi Wakupha'
Mlandu wa DOJ, ngakhale kuti zidawululidwa m'dziko lonselo, zakhala zikubwera nthawi yayitali. Magulu monga Southern Poverty Law Center ndi NAACP akhala akuda nkhawa ndi Meridian kwa zaka zambiri.
Kufufuza kwa SPLC pa Meridian kudayamba mu 2008, pomwe maloya adayamba kumva malipoti a "nkhanza zowopsa" za achinyamata omwe amakhala m'ndende za ana, atero a Jody Owens, woyang'anira woyimira milandu wa SPLC ku Mississippi. Othandizira adazindikira kuti 67 peresenti ya achinyamata omwe ali m'ndende adafika kumeneko kuchokera kusukulu ya Meridian, adatero Owens. Pakati pa sukulu ndi kutsekeredwa m'ndende, ophunzira adakanidwa mwayi wopeza uphungu ndi ndondomeko yoyenera, ndipo ambiri sanadziwitsidwe zomwe amamangidwira. "Oyang'anira anali oweruza, oweruza komanso opha," adatero Owens.
Mchitidwewu wawonekeranso kuti ukulimbana ndi ophunzira akuda. Meridian, mzinda wa anthu 40,000, ndi 61 peresenti ya African-American. Koma kwa zaka zisanu, Owens anati: โSipanakhalepo ngakhale kamodzi kamwana ka mzungu amene anachotsedwa ntchito kapena kuimitsidwa pamlandu wofanana ndi umene ana a mtundu anaimitsidwa.โ
Zina mwa zolakwa zomwe zinapangitsa Green, yemwe ndi wakuda, m'ndende ya ana, anali kulankhula ndi mphunzitsi, kuvala masokosi aatali ndikubwera kusukulu osavala lamba. Anakhala m'ndende kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka milungu iwiri, ndipo chokhumudwitsa chenicheni, amayi ake a Gloria adati, kumapeto kwa sabata sikunawerengedwe ngati masiku ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuyimitsidwa kwa masiku 10 kunafikira masiku 14 enieni; nthawi ya akuluakulu a zachilungamo ku Meridian adayima kumapeto kwa sabata. Zonsezo mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo kuchokera kusukulu ndi ubwana zidasokoneza kwambiri maphunziro a Green, ndipo adabwezeredwa kuchokera ku sitandade XNUMX.
"Zinali zodabwitsa," adatero Gloria Green. Mwana wanga wamwamuna ankakonda kwambiri sukulu ndipo atathamangitsidwa ngati mmene ankachitira, chaka chimodzi analephera kuphunzira.
โTidachita zonse zomwe tikudziwa. Ndinapita kusukuluko ndi kukapeza zodzoladzola, ndipo analepherabe maphunziro awiri ndipo panthawiyo sindinkadziwa njira yomwe mwana wanga apite.
"Timakamba za payipi yopita kundende ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosamveka," atero a Shakti Belway, loya yemwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi mabanja pamlandu wa Meridian ku Southern Poverty Law Center. "Koma pano zikuchitikadi pamilandu yopusa, yaying'ono." Zowonadi, ana aang'ono ngati ophunzira aku pulayimale atengedwa mwachindunji kusukulu ndikukakamizika kuimitsa sukulu m'ndende yandende. M'madandaulo ake, a DOJ adadzudzula dipatimenti ya apolisi mumzindawu chifukwa chogwira ntchito ya "taxi" yotsekereza ophunzira kusukulu ndikupita kundende za achinyamata.
Kuphunzira Pamene Wakuda
Koma Meridian alibe ulamuliro pa kupanda chilungamo kwamtunduwu. Mโnjira iliyonse imene munthu angayangโanireโkuyambira ku pulayimale mpaka kusekondale, kusukulu yadziko lonse mpaka kusukulu yapafupi kwambiriโophunzira akuda ali ndi mwayi waukulu wolangidwa ndi kulangidwa mwankhanza kwambiri kuposa ophunzira ena onse.
Kafukufuku wa 2010 wa Russell Skiba, pulofesa wa mfundo za maphunziro ku yunivesite ya Indiana, adayang'ana zaka makumi anayi za deta kuchokera ku 9,000 ya masukulu 16,000 apakati a dziko. Idapeza kuti anyamata akuda ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi woimitsidwa kuwirikiza katatu kuposa anyamata achizungu komanso kuti atsikana akuda ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi woimitsidwa kuposa atsikana achizungu. Ndi nkhani yaikulu, yosatha.
Mlandu wa boma la feduro ukudzutsa mafunso odetsa nkhawa okhudzana ndi tsankho lomwe malamulo okhudza kuwongolera masukulu amabweretsa ambiri. Ndondomeko zolekerera ziro, zomwe zimaletsa zolakwa za kusukulu zokhala ndi zilango zodzidzimutsa, zowawa, ndizo zovomerezeka za dziko la chilango cha sukulu. Koma kaya zabwino ndi zopinga ziti, Skiba adati, sayenera kubweretsa zotsatira zosiyana. โNdikuganiza kuti zimene sutiyi ikunena ndi izi: Chilichonse chimene mungachite mโchigawo cha sukulu, nโchifukwa chiyani pangakhale kusiyana mafuko ndi mafuko? Ngati tisankha kuyimitsidwa ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito komanso kukhalapo kwa apolisi, nchifukwa ninji ophunzira amitundu yambiri akuimiridwa?
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ngati cholinga cha malamulo oletsa kulekerera ndi kuletsa makhalidwe oipa ndi kulimbikitsa malo abwino ophunzirira, samagwira ntchitoyo. Kafukufuku wokulirapo wa 2006 (PDF) lochitidwa ndi bungwe la American Psychological Association linapeza kuti malamulo oletsa kulekerera ziro samapangitsa kuti sukulu ikhale yotetezeka, ndipo kwenikweni ingathandize kukankhira ophunzira kusukulu. Ngati, komabe, cholinga ndikukankhira ophunzira amitundu kuti achoke kusukulu, kutali ndi tsogolo lawo lamaphunziro ndi kulowa muulamuliro waupandu, palinso umboni wosonyeza kuti mfundo zolekerera ziro ndi zida zogwira mtima.
Kwa Gloria Green, mlanduwu ndi yankho la mapemphero omwe amabwereza mobwerezabwereza pamene mwana wake anali kupita kundende. โZinkandinyansa chifukwa ndinkati, โMwana wanga si chigawenga. N'chifukwa chiyani ali m'ndende?' โ
โNthaลตi zonse ndimati, โDang, ndikanakonda pakanakhala wina amene akanandithandiza,โ chifukwa sindinkadziwa chimene ndikanachita ndipo ndinkaopa kuti ndikapita kusukulu yake nโkukakamirabe zimene ndimakhulupirira, zinthu zikhala bwino. zovuta kwa mwana wanga." Iye akuthandizira kwambiri pamilandu pano, koma osati chifukwa choti akufuna chilungamo cha Cedrico. "Ndili wokondwa chifukwa ndili ndi mwana wazaka 13 yemwe akubweranso ku Meridian Public Schools."