Michael Bronski
Mwamsanga.
Kodi chiwopsezo choyipa kwambiri kwa ophunzira aku sekondale ku United States ndi chiyani masiku ano?
Chiwawa pakati pa ophunzira? Mfuti m'njira? Rampart mankhwala ndi
kumwa mowa? Miyezo yotsika kwambiri yophunzitsira yomwe imalola ophunzira kumaliza maphunziro awo
pansi pa mfundo zamaphunziro zovomerezeka pang'ono? Kusokoneza sukulu
nyumba? Mapulani opangira ma voucher omwe akuwopseza kusokoneza kukhalapo komweko
ya dongosolo la maphunziro aboma? Ayi, mwachiwonekere kwa zigawo zambiri za sukulu ndizoipa kwambiri
Chiwopsezo ku thanzi la ophunzira ake ndikupangidwa kwa mgwirizano wa gay-wolunjika
- magulu omwe amapereka chithandizo kwa ophunzira ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amalimbikitsa kulolerana,
limbikitsa tsankho.
The
Zowopsa za Gay Straight Alliances (GSA) zimakumana ndi sukulu yodziletsa
matabwa, principals, makolo ndi ophunzira ena kukhala kwambiri kuti adzapita
pafupifupi kutalika kulikonse kuti awaletse kusukulu za sekondale. Pakali pano, gulu la sukulu
a El Modena High School, ku Orange County California, ali pafupi kuletsa onse 38
makalabu owonjezera - kuphatikiza Black Student Union ndi Chess Club
- kungoletsa ophunzira angapo kupanga GSA pasukulupo. Izi ndi
kuyesetsa komaliza kuti tipewe lamulo loyambirira la woweruza wa Federal kuti
sukuluyo iyenera kulola kuti GSA yomwe yangokhazikitsidwa kumene izindikiridwe ngati gulu lovomerezeka komanso
kukumana mpaka msonkhano wathunthu utakonzedwa. Lamulo la woweruza linali mkati
kuyankha mlandu womwe unabweretsedwa ndi ophunzira awiri achiwerewere omwe amatsutsa kuti sukuluyi
lamulo la bungweli linali kuphwanya ufulu wawo wolankhula. Mukupeza kwake
woweruzayo adanena kuti bungweli liyenera "kupatsa otsutsa mofanana
maufulu ndi mwayi umene umapereka kwa magulu ena a ophunzira." Anapita ngakhale
ndipo adanenanso kuti bungwe la sukuluyi likunyalanyaza kuteteza gay
ophunzira kuchokera kuzunzidwa ndi chiwawa chomwe chingachitike, ndikuzindikira kuti ophunzira ena ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha
anali oopa kumenyedwa mwakuthupi kotero kuti amawopa kugwiritsa ntchito zakusukulu
zipinda zopumira.
The
Zochita za Orange Unified School District ndikubwereza zomwe ma board ena ali nazo
zachitika kale. Zaka zitatu zapitazo Utah adayesa njira yomweyi yomwe
adasungidwa bwino, mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chaka chino, ophunzira achiwerewere omwe amapanga magulu,
kapenanso kukhala ndi msonkhano mkati mwa kalasi, kukambirana za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha
zovuta komanso kuletsa makalabu onse osatengera maphunziro.
The
zotsutsana ndi El Modena GSA sizodabwitsa ndipo zimagwirizana
kuukira kwa magulu m'dziko lonselo. Otsutsa amanena kuti GSA idzalimbikitsa
kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (komwe, kutengera boma, kungakhale kosaloledwa),
kumayambitsa kugonana mosadziteteza komanso kutenga kachilombo ka HIV, kusokoneza chipembedzo ndi makhalidwe abwino
mfundo, kuphwanya ufulu wa makolo, ndi kulimbikitsa
"kulemberana" mu "moyo wogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha." Zodabwitsa
- popeza pafupifupi onse otsutsa GSA ndi osamala - chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri
GSA's have ndi Equal Access Act ya 1984. Lamuloli linathandizidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa
ndi Orin Hatch ndi ena osunga mwambo chifukwa zingalole misonkhano yachipembedzo
mโmasukulu โ kuphatikizapo Bungwe la Baibulo, limodzi mwa magulu amene angaletsedwe
Chigawo cha Orange Unified School chili ndi njira yake. Lamulo la 1984 pambuyo pake linagamulidwa
zovomerezeka ndi Khothi Lalikulu mu 1990. Chifukwa California ndi imodzi mwa atatu
limanena kuti makamaka zikuphatikizapo chilakolako kugonana mwa Ophunzira
Lamulo laufulu, bungwe la sukulu likunena kuti kutsutsa kwawo kwa GSA ndikokhazikika
pa malamulo okhwima a chigawo okhudza maphunziro okhudza kugonana - ndipo wophunzira amathamanga
zokambilana zokhuza kugonana kapena zogonana zikuphwanya malamulowo.
kukambirana
ndipo ndewu za GSA zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira 1990 pomwe gulu loyamba linali
adapangidwa ku Concord Academy ku Concord, Massachusetts. Magulu ena akhala
adapanga ndipo achita bwino popanda kukangana - Cambridge Rindge ndi Latin High
Sukulu ku Cambridge, MA sinakhale ndi vuto lililonse pazaka khumi.
Chifukwa Massachusetts ili ndi ntchito yapadera, ikugwira ntchito pansi pa Board yake
of Education, yomwe imakhudza nkhani za ophunzira omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha - Project Safe School -
pali GSA yopitilira 100 m'boma lonse, komanso pafupifupi 600 GSAs m'dziko lonselo.
It
ndi muyeso wa momwe ma GSA alili owopsa omwe ma board ena amasukulu angakonde kuchita
kutali ndi magulu ena ambiri kuposa kupereka ulemu kwa gay ndi
ophunzira achikazi ndi zosowa zawo. (Zikadakhala kuti mayiko angapereke kuwononga onse
maukwati pofuna kupeลตa zoopsa za maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.) Ayi
kuti palibe kufunikira kodziwikiratu kothandiza kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha
ophunzira m'masukulu apamwamba. Malinga ndi Gay, Lesbian, Maphunziro Olunjika
Network (www.glsen.org) 97 peresenti ya ophunzira m'masukulu apamwamba a boma mu
Massachusetts adanenanso kuti amamva mawu odana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuchokera kwa anzawo
lipoti la 1993 la Massachusetts Governor's Commission on Gay and Lesbian
Achinyamata. 53 peresenti ya ophunzira adanena kuti adamva zotsutsana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha
ogwira ntchito kusukulu. 46 peresenti ya ophunzira ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, amuna okhaokha komanso amuna okhaokha komanso amuna okhaokha komanso amuna okhaokha komanso amuna okhaokha komanso akazi okhaokha, adanenanso mu a
1997 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Study adayesa kudzipha m'mbuyomu
chaka poyerekeza ndi 9 peresenti ya anzawo; 22 peresenti analumpha sukulu mโmbuyomu
mwezi chifukwa anadzimva kukhala osatetezeka poyerekeza ndi 4 peresenti ya anzawo; 24 peresenti
anali pankhondo yomwe idapangitsa kuti alandire chithandizo chamankhwala poyerekeza ndi 3
peresenti ya anzawo. Ophunzira a Gay ali ndi mwayi wowirikiza katatu
anaopsezedwa ndi chida kusukulu kuposa anzawo m'zaka 12 zapitazo
miyezi, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Youth Risk Behavior omwe anachitika ku Massachusetts ndi
Vermont. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti imodzi mwamaudindo a Safe School Programme -
ndi imodzi yomwe ikuchitika kudzera mwa thandizo lawo la GSAs - kudzipha ndi
kupewa chiwawa.
So
vuto ndi ma GSA ndi chiyani? Mosiyana ndi makalasi maphunziro kugonana iwo mosamalitsa
mwaufulu - palibe wophunzira amene wakhumudwa nawo, kapena amawapeza akuphwanya
zikhulupiriro zawo zachipembedzo ziyenera kupezekapo. Iwo akhoza kukhala malo gay ndi
ophunzira ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kukumana wina ndi mzake koma - osaposa wina aliyense
gulu la ophunzira - limalimbikitsa kugonana kapena maubwenzi. Ndipo mungaganize
kuti pulogalamu iliyonse kapena gulu lomwe cholinga chake chinali kuchepetsa mikangano ndi ziwawa zomwe zingatheke
angalandilidwe mโmasukulu.
At
mtima kukana kwa Gay-Straight Mgwirizano ndikuti amawonedwa - ndi
apa tibwereranso ku 1978 ndi msonkhano wa Anita Bryant wa "Save Our Children".
- monga njira yolembera ana aang'ono, osalakwa kuti azigonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Ndipo, mwanjira ina, izi ndi zolondola. Kwa okonda malingaliro kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndikotere
choopsa kwa makhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe dongosolo kuti ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse ndi
kukhumudwa, kutsutsidwa, ngakhale kulangidwa. Kuyesera kulikonse
kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati kusalowerera ndale - kapena ngakhale kuvomerezeka - kufotokozera
kugonana ndi chikondi ndi "kulembera anthu." Kuyesera kulikonse kupeza maziko achitetezo
ufulu - pamenepa ufulu wa kulankhula ndi msonkhano kwa ophunzira - ndi
"kulemba ntchito." Kuyesera kulikonse kuthandizira pouza amuna kapena akazi okhaokha
ophunzira kuti zomwe akumva ndizachilengedwe komanso zabwino
"kulemba ntchito." Ngati ili ndilo tanthauzo la ntchito
"kulembera anthu" ndiye, inde, Gay Straight Alliances amalemba - ndi
amafunikira chithandizo chonse chomwe angapeze.