Lingaliro lakuti zolinga za US zilibe ufulu wodziteteza ku chiwopsezo cha US kapena kuwukira kwenikweni kumabwerera mmbuyo. Mโzaka makumi atatu zoyambirira za zaka za zana la makumi awiri, pamene dziko la United States linali kuloลตerera mโbwalo lake nthaลตi zonse kulanga nzika zosalamulirika, amene anatsutsa ndi kumenyana ndi Asilikali a Marines nthaลตi zonse anali kusankhidwa kukhala โachifwamba,โ ngakhale pamene kukana รขโฌลkunali. analinganiza, pogwiritsa ntchito mbendera ndi yunifolomuรขโฌ (MM Knight, The Americans in Santo Domingo).
A Vietnamese, mu 1950s ndi 1960s, kutsutsa wolamulira wa zidole woikidwa ndi US ndiyeno kuwukira kwachindunji kwa US, nthawi zonse anali zigawenga kapena zigawenga m'dziko lawo mwa akuluakulu a US (ndipo chifukwa chake atolankhani), komanso monga Leslie Gelb anafotokoza poteteza. gulu la Vietnam ngati "chigawenga," "adavulaza anthu aku America" โโomwe adabwera kudzawagonjetsa (NYT, April 15, 1993).
Gelb, yemwe panthawiyo anali Mkonzi Wachilendo wa New York Times (komanso yemwe kale anali mkulu wa Dipatimenti Yaboma ndi Pentagon), adayikapo malingaliro achifumu a US ufulu woukira ndi kulamulira kulikonse komanso pazifukwa zilizonse, komanso lingaliro logwirizana kuti kukana izi ndi mlandu. .
Chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri ya Imperiya yaku US chakhala chizoloลตezi chanthawi zonse cha US kuwopseza chandamale chaching'ono chakumbuyo, kulepheretsa kupeza zida kuchokera ku United States kapena ogwirizana ndi US, ndikulozera ku zomwe akufuna kupeza zida kuchokera ku Soviet bloc. monga umboni wa (1) zolinga zawo zaukali ndi (2) kugwirizana kwawo ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha chiwawa cha Soviet Union.
Izi zinali zodziwika bwino pakuwukira kwachindunji kwa US ku Guatemala koyambirira kwa 1950s, Cuba kuyambira 1959 kupita mtsogolo, ndi Nicaragua m'ma 1980. Pankhani ya Nicaragua, akuluakulu aku US akuti omenyera nkhondo a Soviet MIG paulendo wopita ku Nicaragua mu Novembala 1984-mapeto ake adadziwika kuti anali owongolera olamulira a Reagan - zidadzetsa mantha pazama TV komanso pakati pa atsogoleri a Democrat, monga kutumiza zida zazing'ono kuchokera ku Nicaragua. Czechoslovakia kupita ku Guatemala anali atachita mu 1954. Mayikowa analibe ufulu woyesera kudziteteza ku zoyesayesa za US zogwetsa maboma awo mwachiwawa.
Mfundo ya ufulu woukira pakufuna kwa mfumu ikutanthauza kuti malamulo apadziko lonse sagwira ntchito ku likulu lachifumu, koma kwa ena okha, ndipo ndithudi United States yatenga izi mosasamala kwa zaka zambiri. Kwa New York Times, รขโฌลProvidence idalamulaรขโฌ kuti titenge Puerto Rico (1898); chifukwa cha Teddy Roosevelt, kutsatira kwa US ku Chiphunzitso cha Monroe รขโฌลkungakakamize dziko la United States, komabe monyinyirika, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za apolisi padziko lonseรขโฌ (1904); komanso kwa William Howard Taft, dziko lonse lapansi รขโฌลlidzakhala lathuโฆchifukwa cha kupambana kwathu kwa mtunduรขโฌ (1912). Kudzichepetsa sikunakhaleko khalidwe la atsogoleri a US.
Lingaliro la ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kulikonse komanso mosagwirizana linali lodziwika bwino pakuwukira kwa Iraq mu 2003, koma ngakhale zisanachitike nthawi ya Bush-2 yokhudza Iraq, akuluakulu aku US sanalole kuti malamulo apadziko lonse asokoneze ndondomeko.
Mwachitsanzo, mโzaka za Reagan Khothi Lapadziko Lonse linapeza kuti United States idachita โzosaloledwaโ ndipo inali ndi ngongole yobwezera ku Nicaragua inangonyalanyazidwa, ndipo olamulirawo adatsutsa chigamulo cha Security Council choyitanitsa mayiko onse kuti atsatire malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi! Panthawi ya Bush-1, United States sinangotsutsa bungwe la Security Council kuti likutsutsa nkhondo ya US ku Panama, idapangitsa bungwe la United Nations kuti livomereze nkhondo yolimbana ndi Iraq poletsa zoyesayesa zonse, ndipo adayambitsa nkhondoyi mophwanya malamulo ambiri. zoletsa zapadziko lonse lapansi (mwachitsanzo, mabomba ophatikizika, zophulitsa mpweya wamafuta, uranium yatha, kukwirira asitikali aku Iraq ambiri mumchenga, ndikuwononga dala malo operekera madzi aku Iraq).
Clinton anachita mwambo waukulu uwu, pa nkhani ya Iraq mwaukali kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zilango kulandidwa mwadala mankhwala ndi njira kukonzanso dongosolo madzi anawonongedwa mu 1991, ndi ovulala kwambiri wamba, momveka bwino kuphwanya malamulo mayiko pa nkhani ya chithandizo cha anthu wamba. anthu. "Magawo osawuluka" ku Iraq sanaloledwe ndi chigamulo chilichonse cha UN komanso kuwononga ndi kufa kwa anthu wamba zambiri chifukwa cha kuwukira kwa ndege za US-British ku Iraq pazaka khumi ndi ziwiri zisanachitike kuwukiridwa kwa 2003 zinali zigawenga.
Monga momwe aku Vietnamese amayesera kuwombera asitikali aku US omwe akuukira dziko lawo, kotero mizinga yaku Iraq yolunjika ku ndege zaku US ndi Britain zisanachitike Marichi 18-19, 2003 kuwukira kuyimira "zowukira" zopanda chifukwa zomwe "zikuwonetsa kunyozedwa kwa Iraq ku UN. zisankhoรขโฌ malinga ndi a Donald Rumsfeld (BBC, รขโฌลIraq ikuchulutsa "kuukira," akutero US,รขโฌ Sept. 30, 2002). Iraq, monga zolinga zina zonse za US, sinakhalepo ndi ufulu uliwonse wodziteteza.
United States imadzipangiranso ufulu wotchula zigawenga, monga momwe zakhalira kale mabungwe azigawenga ndi zigawenga. Mwachilengedwe, ngati wankhanza kwambiri, simadzitcha dzina lokha, ngakhale ali ndi zidziwitso zosayerekezeka (onani mndandanda waposachedwa wa Richard DuBoff wa 27 zankhanza zaposachedwa zaku US, zomwe siziphatikizanso kuwukira mayiko ena, mu รขโฌลMirror Mirror on. The Wall, Who is the Biggest Rogue of All,รขโฌ ZNet Commentary, Aug. 9, 2003; komanso nkhani zazitali komanso zofika patali ku William Blum, Rogue State ndi Noam Chomsky, Rogue States).
Ikupatulanso ogwirizana nawo ndi makasitomala, monga momwe imawakanira zigawenga, ngakhale ali ndi ziyeneretso zabwino bwanji. N'zosavuta kuona chifukwa chake munthu wankhanza kwambiri wasankha kuti atsutsane, mwina mokakamiza, dziko lina lililonse lomwe likufuna kutsutsa utsogoleri wake wankhondo: izi zimalola kuti munthu wankhanza kwambiri azichita zinthu ngati wankhanza kwinaku akudzitcha dzina. (ndi kuukira) zokonda (ie, zonenedwera รขโฌลaphokosoรขโฌ ) zosankhidwa.
Khalidwe loyipa kwambiri lakhala likuwonekera kwambiri pakulangidwa kwa Iraq, kuwukira komanso kukhala pantchito. Super-rogue adatha kuyika zilango ku Iraq zomwe zimaphatikizira kuchitira anthu wamba 23 miliyoni ngati akapolo pakufuna kusintha boma kwa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, ndikupha anthu opitilira miliyoni miliyoni.
Izi zidachitika ndi mgwirizano wa a Kofi Annan ndi UN, ndipo popanda kudandaula kapena ziwonetsero zochokera ku รขโฌลgulu lapadziko lonse lapansi,รขโฌ atolankhani kapena รขโฌลmissile yapaulendo yomwe idatsala.รขโฌ Kenako woipa kwambiri adatha kuukira ndi kulanda Iraq ku Iraq. Kuphwanya koonekeratu kwa Tchata cha UN, atapusitsa oyendera ndi UN, ndipo adachita izi popanda chilango chochokera ku รขโฌลmgwirizano wapadziko lonseรขโฌ womwewo womwe unalanga dziko la Vietnam chifukwa cholanda dziko la Cambodia ndi kulanda Pol Pot, kuwukira komwe kunatenga. malo pokhapokha ataukira Vietnam mobwerezabwereza ndi asilikali a Pol Pot. Iraq idali isanawukire United States kapena Britain ndipo inalibe kuthekera kochita izi. Mwachidule, zilango za UN sizikugwirizana ndi mfundo; amangotsatira zofuna ndi/kapena chivomerezo cha mphunzitsi wamkulu (wopusa kwambiri).
Tsopano zikuvomerezedwa, ngakhale ndi akuluakulu ena a US, kuti kuukira kwa Iraq kunachokera pa mabodza osawerengeka okhudza zida za Iraq (WMD) ndi chiwopsezo chomwe chinayambitsa chitetezo cha dziko la US ndi Britain. Zikuwonekeranso kuti kuukira kwa US ku Iraq kunakhudzanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsutsana ndi anthu (mabomba am'magulu, uranium yatha), kuwukira mwadala malo ambiri omwe anthu wamba amatha kuphedwa, komanso kupha anthu wamba a 5,000.
Zikuwonekeranso kuti boma la US laphwanya udindo wa gulu lankhondo lomwe likugwira ntchito yopereka chitetezo ndi kupereka chithandizo chofunikira kwa anthu wamba a m'dera lomwe adalandidwa; kuti idabwera yokonzekera kokha kuteteza unduna wamafuta ndi mafuta; komanso kuti yapereka patsogolo kwambiri kusaka Saddam Hussein m'malo mopereka chithandizo chochepa kwa anthu omwe akuzunzidwa.
Koma ngakhale pali zifukwa zosagwirizana ndi malamulo komanso zabodza zakugonjetsa, komanso kugwiriridwa molakwika komanso kusaloledwa kwa ntchitoyo, komanso cholinga chodziwikiratu cholamulira Iraq mwachindunji kapena kudzera mwa ma proxies, mayiko akunja sanapemphe kuti alange opha anthu opitilira 5,000. kuphatikiza zolakwa zina zosawerengeka) ndi kutulutsa zigawenga zakupha. Nzika zikwi zitatu zakufa zaku US pa 9/11 zinali zosapiririka ku United States ndipo zidapangitsa kuti anthu azimvera chisoni komanso kumvetsetsana kwakukulu kwa "gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi," omwe adalungamitsa kubwezera ku Afghanistan ndikulengeza dziko lonse lapansi " ลnkhondo pa zoopsa.รขโฌ
Koma 5,000+ anthu wamba aku Iraq omwe adaphedwa pazifukwa zabodza ndizovomerezeka, ndipo Hitler Watsopano sadzalandidwanso zipatso zachigonjetso chake, osasiyanso kupatsidwa chilango. Amangolimbikitsidwa kuti akwaniritse maudindo ena oyang'anira ku UN ndikupita kudziko lademokalase lomwe m'mbuyomu adanena kuti ndilo cholinga chake pakusintha maboma ku Iraq. Koma palibe ziwopsezo kapena zilango chifukwa cha khalidwe loipa, chifukwa chake munthu wankhanza kwambiri amapeza kuti ndizokhutiritsa kukhala wankhanza kwambiri ndipo amalonjeza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti atsimikizire kuti ali woyipa kwambiri.
Ndipo super-rogue ikhoza kupitiliza kukhazikitsa รขโฌลzowopsezaรขโฌ ku UN ndi mayiko. Anthu padziko lonse lapansi atha, ngakhale kuwongolera zoulutsira nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi abwenzi ankhanza kwambiri, akukhulupirira kuti wodzikweza yekha, ndi kuwukira kwawo ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq, kupitiliza kwake kwankhondo komanso kuwopseza kuwopseza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mosagwirizana. "nkhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga" yotseguka yomwe ikuchitika mogwirizana ndi zigawenga zazing'ono ngati Sharon, ndizomwe zimawopseza kwambiri mtendere, chitetezo, ngakhale kupulumuka padziko lapansi.
Koma opusa akuti kufunafuna zida za nyukiliya ku North Korea ndi Iran ndivuto lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limafanana ndi "mavuto," ndipo nkhani zankhani zikunena za mapulani otukuka bwino a US olimbana ndi zigawengazi. kuletsa khalidwe lawo lonyansa. Atolankhani aku Western komanso ngakhale aufulu amameza izi, akuvomereza kuti izi ndizovuta komanso zowopseza zazikulu, ndikukangana ngati titha kuthana ndi vutoli pokambirana (omasuka) kapena tiyenera kulowa ndi "kutulutsa" zida zowopseza ndi / kapena ndondomeko.
Njira imodzi yomvetsa chisoni yaufulu yakhala yodzudzula a Bush cabal ku Iraq, yomwe ilibe bomba, ndikunyalanyaza chiwopsezo chowopsa chakuti North Korea pakadali pano ikupeza chida cha nyukiliya. Izi zikuwonjezera chiwopsezo choti North Korea ikhoza kukhala ndi chida cha nyukiliya, chomwe sichingachigwiritse ntchito popanda kudzipha. Ikunyalanyaza mfundo yoti North Korea ndi Iran akukakamizika kufunafuna zida zotere chifukwa United States imawopseza poyera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotere polimbana nawo.
Imanyalanyaza mfundo yakuti Israeli waloledwa - ngakhale kuthandizidwa - kupeza zida za nyukiliya popanda chilango, ndipo amaloledwa ndi anthu ankhanza kwambiri komanso mayiko apadziko lonse kutero, pamene mayiko omwe akuopsezedwa ndi zida za Israeli sangathe kuchita. chimodzimodzi popanda kupanga รขโฌลchiwopsezo.รขโฌ Imanyalanyaza mfundo yakuti dziko loipa kwambiri ndilo dziko lokhalo lomwe lagwiritsapo ntchito zida za nyukiliya ndipo tsopano likuwopseza kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwawo mowonjezereka mowonekera.
Mwachidule, ziwopsezo zenizeni masiku ano sizipezeka muzochita za North Korea kapena Iran, koma kukana kwa US kukana pangano la Non-Proliferation Treaty kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya motsutsana ndi mayiko omwe si a nyukiliya; kuwopseza kugwiritsa ntchito zida izi ndi zida zake รขโฌลchodzitetezaรขโฌ (kwenikweni, chodzitetezera) motsutsana ndi zomwe akufuna; kudzipatula ku malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi; ndi kuthandizira kwake kawiri pa ufulu wa Israeli wopeza zida za nyukiliya pomwe zoyesayesa zotere za otsutsa a Israeli ndizosapiririka.
Yankho la UN ndi mayiko akunja ku ziwopsezo zenizenizi zakhala zofanana ndi momwe amachitira ndi dongosolo la US loukira Iraq. Ndiko kuti, m'malo motsutsa ziwopsezo za US ndi zolinga zake zolimbana ndi zomwe akufuna, bungwe la UN ndi mayiko akunja amavomereza zomwe US โโโโzikufuna kuti ziwopseze. Ndipo monga adathamangira kuti akalandire chiwopsezo chachikulu ndikuwunika kokulirapo kuti athane ndi chiwopsezo chowopsa cha WMD ya Iraq, tsopano akuthamangira kunyengerera North Korea ndi Iran kuti zikhale zololera, kuvomereza kuyendera mayiko, ndikusiya zomwe akufuna. angafunike kupeza zida za nyukiliya.
Apanso amene akuopsezedwa ndi wankhanza kwambiri sapatsidwa ufulu wodzitchinjiriza, osati kokha mwankhanza koma ndi UN ndi รขโฌลmgwirizano wapadziko lonse.รขโฌ Koma kulephera kutsutsa zochita ndi ndondomeko zachinyengo kwambiri. zimamulimbikitsa kuti apitirizebe kuyenda panjira yake yakupha, ndipo sizidzalepheretsa anthu amene akuwayembekezerawo kuti asamafune kudziteteza.