"Panthawi ina 'ulimi' unali wa chikhalidwe cha chakudya. Kutaya chikhalidwe chimenecho, m'malo mwa chikhalidwe cha American monocrop, chogwirizana ndi ulimi waulimi, chimatiyika ife mu chikhalidwe choopsa ..." akutero Winona LaDuke, yemwe ndi wotsutsa chakudya komanso Wachimwenye. ]
Kudandaula kwake ndi loto la wamkulu wabizinesi. Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa kampani ya HJ Heinz anati, "Wailesi yakanema ikafika, anthu, mthunzi uliwonse, chikhalidwe, kapena chiyambi, amafuna zinthu zomwezo."[Ii] Zinthu zomwezo zimachokera ku umisiri womwewo, magwero a TV omwewo, zofanana. chuma padziko lonse, ndi chakudya chomwecho.
Pamodzi ndi kutha kwa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, kukula kwa ulimi wa mafakitale kwachititsa kuti zamoyo zichepe kwambiri. Kuyambira kale, anthu akhala akulima pafupifupi Mitundu 7,000 ya zomera. M'zaka zapitazi, magawo atatu mwa anayi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini mbewu zaulimi zatayika. Zokolola makumi atatu tsopano akutipatsa 95% ya zakudya zathu, mpunga, tirigu, chimanga, ndi mbatata zokha zomwe zimatipatsa 60%. Makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi asanu peresenti ya mitundu ya maapulo yomwe inalipo kale ku US atayika. Minda ikuluikulu ya mbewu zofananira ndi chibadwa imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tizirombo, zomwe zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kusowa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumayikanso pachiwopsezo cha chakudya, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa tizirombo kapena matenda kumatha kuwononga mbewu zambiri nthawi imodzi.
Kuyesetsa kwa anthu amtundu wawo kuteteza mbewu zawo ndi cholowa chawo chaulimi ku US kunayamba zaka 500 zapitazo pomwe adani aku Spain adafika. Masiku ano, Amwenye ku United States akutenganso ndikutsitsimutsa nthaka, madzi, mbewu, ndi zakudya zachikhalidwe ndi ulimi, motero kubwezera chikhalidwe chaulimi ndi ulimi m'manja mwako.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zotere ndi White Earth Land Recovery Project ku Minnesota, yomwe ikubwezeretsanso ukapitawo wabwino wa malo oyambilira a mafuko am'deralo. Akolola ndi kugulitsa zakudya zachikale monga mpunga wakuthengo, kulima minda ndi kubzala mbewu zobiriwira, komanso kulima chakudya chapafamu ndi sukulu komanso kudyetsa akulu athu. Akubweretsanso mbalame zamtundu wa sturgeon kumadzi am'deralo komanso akuyesetsa kuti asiye kupopera mankhwala m'mafamu apafupi ndi mafakitale. Akulimbikitsanso maubale ndi mapulojekiti okhudzana ndi chakudya padziko lonse lapansi. Winona LaDuke, yemwe ndi mkulu wa polojekitiyi, anatiuza kuti, "Bambo anga ankakonda kunena kuti, 'Sindikufuna kumva nzeru zanu ngati simungathe kulima chimanga' ... Tsopano ndimalima chimanga."
Ntchito ina yotsitsimutsa ikuphatikizapo ng'ombe za njati. Mโzaka za mโma 1800, anthu okhala ku Ulaya ndi ku Amereka anathamangitsa njati zakutchire pafupi ndi kutha, kuwononga magwero a moyo kwa Amwenye ambiri. Chitsanzo chimodzi chokha cha kuyambiranso ndi Lakota Buffalo Caretakers Cooperative, mgwirizano wa mabanja ang'onoang'ono osamalira njati, pa Pine Ridge Reservation ku South Dakota. Mgwirizanowu ukuwona ntchito yake ngati itatu, "kubwezeretsa njati, kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe zaku Pine Ridge, ndikuthandizira kukonzanso mgwirizano wopatulika pakati pa anthu a Lakota ndi mtundu wa njati." Padziko lonse lapansi, a Inter-Tribal Bison Cooperative Ndi gulu la mitundu 56 ya njati zochokera m'dziko lonselo ndipo gulu la njati loposa 15,000.
Ku New Mexico, Amwenye akupanga zoyeserera zambiri. Kuzungulira chigawochi, adayambitsa minda yophunzitsa ndi kupanga, kusinthana kwaulimi kwa achinyamata, mapulogalamu otsitsimula njati, njira zopulumutsira mbewu, mapulogalamu ochiritsira matenda a shuga opangidwa ndi zitsamba, ngongole ya ngongole yomwe imagulitsa ntchito zobiriwira ndi zokhazikika, ndi zina. Sukulu monga Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute, Institute of American Indian Arts, ndi Santa Fe Indian School - pamodzi ndi sukulu za galamala, masukulu apamwamba, ndi mapulogalamu osapindula - apanga mapulogalamu a maphunziro a zaulimi. Bungwe la Traditional Native American Farmers' Association limathandiza alimi kuti abwerere kumunda, limakhala ndi zokambirana za njira zopulumutsira mbeu ndi njira zaulimi, komanso limakhala ndi pulogalamu ya achinyamata.
Msonkhano wapachaka wa Sustainable Food and Seed Sovereignty Symposium ku Tesuque [Indian] Pueblo kumpoto kwa New Mexico umasonkhanitsa alimi, osamalira zitsamba, opaka utoto, asingโanga, ophika, osunga mbewu, aphunzitsi, oteteza madzi, ndi okonza madera. Kuchokera ku symposium ya 2006 kunabwera Chilengezo cha Ulamuliro wa Mbewu, yomwe inadzudzula mbewu zopangidwa ndi majini ndi umwini wamakampani a mbewu ndi mbewu za Mbadwazo kuti "ndikupitirizira kupha anthu amtundu wamtunduwu komanso kuchita zinthu zankhanza ndi zonyoza makolo athu, chikhalidwe chathu, ndi mibadwo yamtsogolo."
Kuphatikiza pa nkhani yosiyiranayi, Tesuque Pueblo imakhalanso ndi Mafamu Achilengedwe a Tesuque, omwe amalima masamba, zitsamba, mbewu, mitengo yazipatso, ndi mbewu zophimba, kuphatikiza mitundu yomwe idasowa kale m'derali. Ntchitoyi ikumanga laibulale ya mbewu za Native. Cholinga chachikulu ndikupangitsa Pueblo kukhala yodziyimira payokha muzakudya ndi mbewu. Emigdio Ballon, mlimi wa Quechua komanso katswiri wa chibadwa ku Tesuque Natural Farm, anati, "Njira yokhayo yomwe tingapezere ufulu wathu ndi pamene tili ndi chuma m'manja mwathu, pamene sitiyenera kugula ku makampani opanga mbewu."
Famuyi imapereka zakudya zatsopano kwa akuluakulu, kugulitsa m'misika ya alimi, ndi kuphunzitsa anthu kuti ayambe kulima okha. Famuyi imalimanso mankhwala azitsamba ochizira HIV, matenda a shuga, ndi khansa, komanso amapanga biofertilizer kuchokera ku zomera. Ana asukulu zam'munda wa pulogalamu ya Head Start; ophunzira asukulu ya galamala akuyambanso.
Anthu ochokera kudera lonselo amabwera ku Tesuque Natural Farms kudzaphunzira zaulimi komanso kutenga maphunziro okhudza kudulira, kuweta njuchi, nkhuku, chonde m'nthaka, kompositi, ndi mitu ina. Posakhalitsa famuyo ikuyembekeza kupanga malo ofufuzira ndi maphunziro, kumene anthu angabwere kwa miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi.
Nayeli Guzman, mayi wina wa ku Mexico yemwe ankagwira ntchito pafamuyo anati, โZimene tikuchitazi ndi zophweka. - anthu okhazikika.
"Mlengi sali yekha, ndiye palibe chifukwa chomwe tiyenera kuchitira," adatero. Amatiuza kuti, 'Mukakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, nthaka yanu idzakhala yolemera.' Zili choncho ndi anthu. Mukakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu, mโpamenenso tidzakhala okhoza kukhala ndi moyo. Sitingathe kudzipatula tokha.
zolemba
[I] Winona LaDuke mu "Chinthu Chimodzi Chokhudza Chakudya: Msonkhano," Alice Waters, ed., The Nation, September 11, 2006, 18.
[Ii] Sharon Beder, Global Spin: The Corporate Assault on Environmentalism (Devon: Green Books, 2002), 184.