Zinthu zina zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi zachotsedwa Maloto Anenedweratu: Black America ndi Kumenyera Malo Oyitanira Kwawo, kuchokera Zuccotti Park Press.
Uchigawenga ndi chinthu chovuta kulongosola, makamaka pamene zipangizo zapakhomo zakhala zida zowononga kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, pamene apolisi a National Guard ndi Boston anayendayenda m'madera ozungulira mzindawu pofunafuna amuna awiri omwe amakhulupirira kuti anaponya mabomba owopsa a marathon, nkhani ina ya ziwawa ndi kusatetezeka kwa anthu ambiri.
monga New York Times inanena, "Mabanki omwe adapanga mgwirizano wowopsa wa ngongole zanyumba ndi ngongole pa nthawi ya boom - mtundu womwe udalakwika kwambiri panthawi ya kuphulika - ali kalikiliki kutsitsimutsanso mitundu yofanana ya ndalama zomwe ambiri amaganiza kuti zapita."
Mwanjira ina, anyamata oyenda bwino abwerera mtawuni, akugulitsa ngongole zachiwembu kuti zisungidwe ndikugulitsidwa pa Wall Street. Ngakhale a Times, kukhazikika pabizinesi, kumakhala kochenjeza. "Chitsitsimutsochi chikugogomezeranso momwe ndalama izi, zomwe zimadziwika kuti zinthu zandalama, zathawa malamulo atsopano omwe amayenera kuletsa kubwereza kwamavuto azachuma omaliza."
Machenjezo a kubwereza otsiriza mavuto azachuma - kusindikizidwa patsamba loyamba la New York Times?
Komabe, mosiyana ndi nkhani za 24-7 za ku Boston, kuyankha kwa dziko ku chiwopsezo cha chiwonongeko chachuma sikunamveke. Zili choncho chifukwa pafupifupi palibe amene amakambirana poyera za vuto la kulandidwa kwachuma lomwe likuchitika ponena za uchigawenga wapakhomo. Koma ndi momwe zilili, ndipo tiyenera kuzindikira izi ngati tikufuna kuteteza mabanki kuti asawononge kwambiri.
Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security ili ndi zambiri tanthauzo la uchigawenga, yomwe imalongosola kuti izi ziyenera kukwaniritsa zotsatirazi.
Mawu akuti "uchigawenga" amatanthauza ntchito iliyonse yomwe-
(A) Zimakhudza ntchito yomwe-
(i) ndizowopsa kwa moyo wamunthu kapena zomwe zitha kuwononga zida zofunikira kapena zofunikira; ndi
(ii) ndikuphwanya malamulo aupandu a United States kapena dziko lililonse kapena magawo ena a United States; ndi
(B) akuwoneka kuti akufuna -
(i) kuopseza kapena kukakamiza anthu wamba;
(ii) kulimbikitsa ndondomeko ya boma poopseza kapena kukakamiza; kapena
(iii) kukhudza machitidwe a boma powononga anthu ambiri, kupha, kapena kubedwa.
Mukafunsa Helen James, mkazi wa Chicago yemwe wakhala m'misewu ndi m'misasa, kukhala opanda nyumba ku US ndizowopsa kwa moyo waumunthu. Pamene tinalankhula mโchilimwe chatha iye analankhula za zotupa zosachiritsika ndi kugona pa mabenchi mโnyengo yozizira ya ku Chicago. Iye anati: โSindikufuna kufa basi.
Malinga ndi National Coalition for the Homeless, anthu 700 opanda ma adilesi kufa chaka chilichonse ndi hypothermia yokha. Anthu ambiri aku America azizira mpaka kufa kuyambira pomwe mavuto azachuma adayamba kuposa omwe adamwalira pazigawenga zonse zaku US zaka makumi awiri zapitazi - Seputembara 11, kuphatikiza.
Ponena za funso lazamalamulo, Griggs Wimbley, wokhala ku tawuni yaying'ono ya North Carolina, ndi katswiri wa momwe mafunde akumaloko akuphwanya malamulo aku US akuphwanya malamulo. Anatha zaka khumi akufufuza ndi kulimbana ndi kulandidwa kwake mwachinyengo. โSindinaonepo kalikonse koma chinyengo,โ iye anatero. Anatcha ulamuliro wa Wall Street m'zaka zonse za 2000 "upandu wazaka khumi."
Kufufuza mazana ambiri ndi milandu pamilandu yobwereketsa chinyengo, chinyengo (mukukumbukira zamwano wosaina robo?) ndi malamulo oyendetsera ntchito zimatsimikizira zomwe Wimbley adakumana nazo. Ndipo izi sizikutanthauza kuphwanya kwachulukidwe kwamakampani a Fair Housing Act ndi malamulo ena oletsa tsankho lanyumba, lomwe linali lofala poyambitsa mavuto azachuma.
Potsirizira pake, Marcella Robinson ndi Nicole Shelton, omwe anayambitsa gulu la eni nyumba apansi, Mortgage Fraud NC, akhoza kutsimikizira kuti mfundo yonse yothamangitsidwa ndiyo kuchititsa mantha ambiri pakati pa anthu wamba. Robinson, amene nyumba yake inali italandidwa pamene tinalankhula, anandiuza kuti anagona ndi mlendo wa baseball pafupi ndi bedi lake kuti adziteteze. Shelton, yemwe anali atathamangitsidwa kale kunyumba kwawo, ananena kuti โakukhala mwamantha nthaลตi zonse.โ
Chifukwa chiyani Wall Street ikufuna kuwopseza mamiliyoni a anthu wamba? Zolinga zake nโzakuti ngati anthu sachita mantha ndi kuthamangitsidwa mโnyumba zawo, sadzapitiriza kubweza ngongole za zakuthambo zimene zikuoneka kuti ndizo zokha zimene zikupangitsa kuti chuma chathu chiyende bwino.
Kutsutsana uku kwakhudzadi mfundo za boma la US. Ed DeMarco, wamkulu wa Federal Housing Finance Agency wakhala m'modzi mwa omwe amatsutsa kwambiri mpumulo wa eni nyumba, kuchenjeza kuti boma liyenera kuwonetsa kuthamangitsidwa kapena aliyense angasankhe kusalipira ngongole zawo zanyumba. Ponena za nkhani ya โkukhudza [kukhudza] khalidwe la boma mwa kuwononga anthu ambiri, kupha anthu, kapena kuba anthu,โ mabanki safunikira kutengera kuba anthu; alanda kale chuma cha dziko lonse lapansi.
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Kuyambira 2007, Wall Street yathamangitsa mabanja mamiliyoni anayi - pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni khumi - m'nyumba zawo. Mamiliyoni enanso akutsekeredwa mโmsampha wolanda zinthu mosalekeza. Mโchaka chathachi, ndamvetsera nkhani za mazana a mabanjawa, ndipo chokumana nacho chofala chimene ndamvapo ndicho kusadzisungika ndi mantha amalingaliro.
Kutaya chitetezo. Mkhalidwe wamantha. Awa ndi mawu omwewo, mawu omwewo omwe timamva anthu aku Boston akufotokoza. Ngati kusatetezeka kwakukulu ndi kuopa kusakhulupirika ndi zomwe mabanki amafuna: cholinga chake chakwaniritsidwa. Komabe, mabanki sakuimbidwa mlandu wachigawenga. Komanso zinthu zawo zachuma sizimatchulidwa kuti ma WMD
Mwina mukuganiza kuti Wall Street sakuimbidwa mlandu chifukwa zigawenga ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabomba m'malo mokhala ndi ma bond, chifukwa palibe chinthu choterocho. monga uchigawenga zachuma, alipo? Pentagon idakhulupiriradi choncho, ikalowa 2011 idapereka lipoti kunena kuti zipani zina zosadziwika mwina zidathandizira dziko la United States kulowa m'mavuto azachuma a 2008 chifukwa cha "uchigawenga wazachuma." N'zosadabwitsa kuti omwe akuwakayikira lipotilo anali a jihadists achisilamu, achi China ndi Venezuela osati AIG kapena Goldman Sachs.
Chaka chomwecho, wotsogolera mgwirizano wa ku America, Steven Lerner mwiniwakeyo adadziwika kuti ndi wachigawenga pazachuma pamene adanena kuti eni nyumba asonkhane pamodzi kuti awononge ngongole. Conservative media adayitcha kuti โECONOMIC TERRORISM PLAYBOOKโ (inde, m'zipewa zonse), pomwe congressman ku Utah adalimbikitsa Attorney General Eric Holder kuti afufuze zowopseza izi chifukwa "mwachiwonekere ndi uchigawenga wapakhomo."
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha eni nyumba ndi zigawenga, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti Wall Street ikhale yokhazikika - ngakhale izi zikutanthauza kuthamangitsa anthu m'nyumba zawo ndikuimba mlandu Venezuela chifukwa cha kugwa kwa ngongole - ndi ndondomeko ya US chabe.
Malo omwe akuwonetsa momveka bwino izi ndi Detroit, pomwe bwanamkubwa waku Michigan posachedwapa adakhazikitsa boma lankhondo - kuyimitsidwa kwa demokalase kuti atsimikizire chitetezo chazachuma. Ndi woyang'anira zachuma yemwe akuyendetsa mzinda wokhala ndi anthu opitilira 700,000, Michigan ikuwonetsa kuti funso lachitetezo chamasiku ano si lakuthupi. Ndi ndalama.
Monga m'busa wakumaloko Reverend David Bullock adafotokozera, "Silinso '68 ndi' 69 - m'chilimwe chotentha. [Olemera] saderanso nkhaลตa za chisungiko chakuthupi. Akuda nkhawa ndi ndalama zawo.โ
Mfundo yakuti dzikoli likukumana ndi uchigawenga wochuluka wazachuma sizipangitsa kuti kuukira ku Boston kusakhale koopsa. Koma ziyenera kutikwiyitsa kwambiri kuti mabanki a Wall Street ali otanganidwa kutsitsimutsa zida zomwezo zomwe zinatulutsira fuko zaka zingapo zapitazo - ndikuti boma lathu silikuchita kalikonse kuti liwaletse.
Laura Gottesdiener ndi mtolankhani wodziyimira pawokha ku New York City. Adalembera Ms. The Huffington Post, Arizona Republic, New Haven Advocate, AlterNet, ndi Waging Nonviolence (wagingnonviolence.org), komwe ndi mkonzi wothandizira. Adapambana Mphotho ya John Hersey ku Yunivesite ya Yale chifukwa cha ntchito ya atolankhani ndipo anali womaliza wa Mphotho ya Norman Mailer Nonfiction chifukwa cha kafukufuku wake wa 2009 wolimbana ndi atsikana. Anali nawo mwakhama mu gulu la Occupy ndipo ankakhala ku Zuccotti Park kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October 2011 mpaka apolisi atagonjetsa pakati pa mwezi wa November 2011. Maloto Otsekedwa ndi buku lake loyamba.