Russell
Bush & Wall Street ndi
zakusintha zovuta zachinyengo za Social Security kukhala zenizeni.
Gawo loyamba, kudula msonkho, kwachitika
zakwaniritsidwa kale. Kuphatikizika kwa msonkho wa $ 1.3 thililiyoni wodula komanso kutsalira
chuma chikucheperachepera ku federal zotsalira zomwe zimapezeka pa Social Security ndi
Medicare. Malinga ndi lipoti loperekedwa ndi bungwe la zaumoyo la ogula
Mabanja aku USA, bajeti yomwe Purezidenti akufuna kuti awononge ndalama zokwana $526 biliyoni
Zaka 10 zotsatira kuchokera ku Medicare Trust Fund, ndipo ndalamazo zidzakhala
zopezeka ku thumba la boma. Komanso, chifukwa cha izi
Kusokoneza, Mabanja USA akuyerekeza Trust Fund itaya pafupifupi $172.5
mabiliyoni olipira chiwongola dzanja pa nthawi yofanana ndi nkhokwe za Trust Fund
zatha. Zonsezi zapangitsa kuti Families USA azitcha dongosolo la Bush "Medicare
Euthanasia."
Si onse amavomereza kuti
ndalama zapita koma Kent Conrad (DN.D.) ndi Democrat wapamwamba pa Bajeti Yanyumba
Komiti, Rep. John Spratt waku South Carolina, anena kuti misonkho yomwe yakhazikitsidwa posachedwa
ndi ndondomeko zowonongera ndalama za Republican zikhoza kusokoneza Social Security ndi Medicare trust
ndalama zokwana $5 biliyoni mu 2003 ndi 2004.
Gawo lachiwiri, lachitsanzo
kubisa za Social Security tsopano kukuchitika. Msika wamasheya ukhoza kukhala ukukulirakulira
koma izi sizinalepheretse kuyesetsa kwa Bush kuti akonzenso Social Security system
kulola anthu kuti azigulitsa m'masheya ndi ma bond. Malinga ndi nkhani zankhani, iye
walamula ntchito yake yosankhidwa ndi manja kuti ipereke lipoti kwa iye m'nyengo yophukira
"Ndi mapulani enieni opangira maakaunti abizinesi mkati mwa
pulogalamu ya boma yopuma pantchito.โ
Kutsatsa
steamroller ikukonzekera. Conservatives adayambitsa Cato Institute ndi
ma tank ena oganiza kuti atulutse mapepala a Social Security Crisis potengera
"msika waulere" utopia Bush ndi omuthandizira ake a Wall Street akuganiza. The Concord
Coalition ndi Third Millenium akhala akusokoneza Social Security kwa ena
zaka tsopano. Posachedwapa, gulu latsopano, Coalition for American Financial
Chitetezo chikukonzekera kukweza ndalama "mu $100,000 ndi $250,000s" kuchokera ku inshuwaransi.
makampani, mabungwe a mutual fund ndi ntchito zachuma. (Washington Post, 6/17/01)
Monga Dean Baker ndi Marc
Weisbrot anafotokoza momveka bwino mโbuku lawo lakuti โSocial Security: The Phony Crisis,โ
brouhaha yonse ndikupereka maziko abwino ndi aluntha kuti afooke,
ndiyeno kuwononga dongosolo la anthu limene lachitadi kuchepetsa umphaลตi
pakati pa okalamba ndi olumala mdera lathu.
White House, Congress,
atolankhani, komanso anthu wamba amakonda kuwona Social Security makamaka
nthawi yopuma pantchito, koma pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a onse opindula ndi omwe sapuma pantchito
- amalandila phindu ngati Opulumuka (SI) kapena kudzera mu Inshuwaransi Yolemala (SSDI).
Kafukufuku wa Ofesi Yowerengera za Boma pa pulani ya Bush wachita kale
anamaliza kuti โngakhale zinthu zitavuta, kusintha kwa Social Security
malingaliro angachepetse phinduโ kwa anthu olumala. Kwa wogwira ntchito ndi avareji
malipiro omwe amalandila koyamba zolemala ali ndi zaka 45, lipotilo
adati, kuchepetsa phindu la moyo wonse kudzakhala pakati pa 4% - 18%. The
phindu lapakati la ogwira ntchito olumala tsopano ndi $786 pamwezi.
OK ndadandaula
zowona kuti zopindulitsa za Social Security zolemala ndizotsika momvetsa chisoni - zikuwoneka
zosakhululukidwa m'dziko lolemera ngati US koma zotsatira za ubale wamagulu:
"ukonde wosakwanira wachitetezo
ndi chotulukapo cha eni kalasi' mantha kutaya ulamuliro wa njira
kupanga; Makhalidwe a ntchito aku America ndi njira yoyendetsera chikhalidwe cha anthu
zimatsimikizira ma capitalist kukhala odalirika ogwira ntchito kuti apange phindu. Ngati antchito anali
kupatsidwa ukonde wachitetezo cha anthu omwe amawateteza mokwanira
ulova, matenda, kulumala, ndi ukalamba, ntchito zikanawonjezereka
malo oti akambirane za ntchito yawo. Amereka
bizinesi imakhalabe ndi mphamvu pa anthu ogwira ntchito chifukwa choopa umphawi
zomwe zingafooke ngati ukonde wachitetezo utakhala wotetezeka. โ
(Russell, Beyond Ramps)
Koma Social Social
Njira yachitetezo ndiyabwino kuposa momwe dongosolo la Bush lingayambitsire. The GAO
lipoti linanena kuti โndalama zochokera muakaunti yamunthuyo sizinali zokwanira
kubwezera kuchepa kwa mapindu a inshuwaransi omwe adalemala opindula
adzalandiraโ pansi pa mfundo zazikuluzikulu zokonzanso zinthu.
Ichi ndi chifukwa olumala
anthu amakhala ndi mbiri zazifupi za ntchito ndipo sangakhale ndi nthawi yocheperako
kudziunjikira ndalama mu akaunti zawo.
Private ndalama za
Madola a Social Security angagwire ntchito kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi ndalama zolimba komanso zokhazikika
kwa zaka 40-kuphatikiza (ngati msika supita kumwera - pali ALItali
nthawi yomwe msika wamasheya sukula konse kapena kutsika kwenikweni,
ndiye pali ndalama zoyipa payekha), koma zomwe zimachitika kwa anthu omwe amalowa
Kodi Social Security imayamba kale m'moyo chifukwa cha kulumala? Zochepa zaumwini
ndalama zozikidwa pa mbiri yantchito yocheperako sizikhala zokwanira kulipirira moyo
ndalama zowonongera moyo wake wonse.
Kulemala Kwachitetezo cha Anthu
ndi yotakata komanso yophatikizika chifukwa ndi njira yapadziko lonse yomwe siili a
gawo la msika wazinthu. Osatengera msika, alibe
bweretsani kumbuyo kwa inshuwaransi yachinsinsi yomwe imagulitsa ndondomeko zolemala ngati "chinthu"
ndipo ayenera kupanga phindu pogulitsa. Makampani a inshuwaransi amayamba amaphunzira zambiri
ndikuwerengera mitengo yomwe ingatsimikizire phindu. Si njira yowolowa manja, ayi
si njira yolungama, koma ndi masewera a capitalist pomwe "opambana" ali
makampani omwe amapeza phindu lalikulu kwambiri. Munthu wolumala akhoza kulipira
mtengo wokwera kwambiri pakufalitsa kochepa kapena kochepa komwe kungathebe
kutsutsidwa ndi inshuwaransi popereka chigamulo.
Osati kuti palibe
mavuto okhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka Social Security kulemala, koma a
msonkho wa FICA wa ogwira ntchito, mosiyana, umagula osati phindu lopuma pantchito koma olumala
phindu ndi phindu la wopulumuka ngati wogwira ntchitoyo amwalira ndikusiya odalira.
Monga loya Harriet
Johnson akufotokoza "Kuyerekeza kwa ndalama zachinsinsi ndi tchuthi cha Social Security
ena amapindula mu equation. Ngakhale titha kuchita bwino ndalama
msonkho wathu wa FICA mwachinsinsi mpaka zaka 65 zopuma pantchito zimakhudzidwa, tikamaganizira
pakuwunika kwa olumala ndi opulumuka, palibe chilichonse pamsika wachinsinsi
aliyense - pa msinkhu uliwonse, mlingo uliwonse wa thanzi - kupeza mlingo wa ndalama
chitetezo chomwe amapeza ku Social Security pazomwe amalipira ku FICA. "
M'zaka za m'ma 20-40s.
makampani a inshuwaransi anayesa kupereka zolipirira olumala ndipo analephera
momvetsa chisoni. Edward Berkowitz akuwonetsa momwe ma inshuwaransi payekha anayesa kufinya
phindu kuchokera ku inshuwaransi yolemala mu kafukufuku wake wa Twentieth Century Fund, Disabled
Ndondomeko:
โIwo [inshuwaransi
makampani] analimbitsa tanthauzo la kulumala, kutalikitsa nthawi yodikira
munthu wolumala asanayambe kulandira phindu, anakana kugulitsa
ndondomeko kwa amayi, ndi phindu lochepa kwa iwo omwe adalemala
zaka makumi asanu ndi zisanu. M'mawu ena, iwo anapereka chitetezo chochepa ndi
kuyesera kutenga zoopsa zabwino kwambiri zokha. Ngakhale zinali choncho, anataya ndalama.โ
Ku New York, New Jersey,
Puerto Rico ndi Rhode Island, ogwira ntchito ali ndi zilema zapadera
inshuwaransi kudzera mwa owalemba ntchito, omwe ndi lamulo kuti apereke
*kufikira kwakanthawi*. Olemba ntchito m'mayiko ena ambiri amapereka mwaufulu
kulumala; kumlingo wina, zimatengera kuwakakamiza kuti apitirize kudwala kwanthawi yayitali
kulipira. Nthawi ya kulumala yomwe ili ndi ndondomeko ya olemba ntchito, komabe, ikhoza kukhala
pafupi mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri. Olemba ntchito ena, ndi magulu ena ambiri, amapereka
kutenga nawo mbali pamapulani owonjezera olumala, omwe amathanso kugulidwa
munthu payekha. Mitundu itatu yayikulu ya inshuwaransi yowonjezera olumala
mankhwala ndi:
Noncancellable, zomwe
akupitiriza kukutetezani malinga ngati mukupitiriza kulipira malipiro; phindu likhoza
kuwonjezeka ndi ndalama;
Zotsimikizika zongowonjezera,
zomwe zimangotsimikizira kupezeka kwa chithandizo koma osati kuchuluka kwa ndalama;
ndi
Zongowonjezera,
zomwe zikufanana ndi inshuwaransi akuti chaka chilichonse inu ndi
inshuwaransi ganizirani mgwirizano watsopano ndi mawu atsopano.
Pafupifupi mapulani onse ali
kutengera munthu kukhala ndi ndalama zinazake zosungidwira tsiku lamvula.
Iwo ndi okwera mtengo kugula ndipo akhoza kukhala ovuta kusonkhanitsa pa chonena. Ma inshuwaransi,
ambiri adadalira kusamutsa ndalama zachilema chokhazikika kupita ku Social
Chitetezo m'malo motenga udindo wopereka zotsimikizika
kufalikira kwa anthu onse olumala.
Inshuwaransi payekha
makampani amaseweranso masewera olembedwa ndi anthu olumala mu
mabwalo a inshuwaransi yazachipatala ndi moyo. Anthu olumala amakhala ndi vuto
msika wa inshuwaransi watsankho womwe ungawagulitse china chake koma
kaลตirikaลตiri amawagulitsira malamulo otsika poyerekezera ndi zimene anthu opanda olumala angagule.
Ma inshuwaransi akhoza kuchepetsa phindu, kuletsa kuperekedwa. Ma inshuwaransi akhoza kutseka
ndondomeko kotero anthu olumala akhoza kugulitsidwa inferior bill of goods, zochepa
kusankha kwa chinthu chotsimikizira phindu lamakampani. Ma inshuwaransi, mwachitsanzo, amatha
kusankha anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi pokana kuwalipira chimodzimodzi
ndalama zomwe akanalipira ngati alibe Edzi. (Doe v. Mutual of Omaha
Insurance Co., Khothi Lachigawo la 7)
Kapena ma inshuwaransi akhoza kugula
omwe ali ndi ndondomeko olumala pa makala akafika pazomwe amalipira -
kupereka chithandizo pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa wanthawi zonse ("chowonjezera" kapena "chokwera")
Pankhani ya Howard Chabner, loya yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito njinga ya olumala, United of Omaha
Life Insurance Co idalipira pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri ndalama za inshuwaransi ya moyo.
Chabner ndi maloya ake adapempha Khothi Lachisanu ndi chinayi la US Circuit Court of Appeals kuti ligamule
kuti kulipiritsa munthu wolumala ndalama zambiri za inshuwaransi ya moyo wake kumaphwanya
malamulo aboma ndi boma pa mwayi wofanana wokhala ndi anthu pansi pa ADA.
Inshuwaransi
mabungwe, komabe, adadandaula kwambiri. United of Omaha adachenjeza mwachidule izi
chigamulo cha Chabner chidzatsegula
floodgates: "Ngati ADA ndi
zopezeka kuti zikugwira ntchito pazolemba ndi zomwe zili mu inshuwaransi - osati ayi
kungofikira ku ofesi ya inshuwaransi - zidzatanthauza kuti katunduyo
ndipo ntchito zabizinesi iliyonse ku America zidzawunikidwa pansi pa ADA. "
Khoti Lozungulira lapeza
kuti United idasankha Chabner pomulipira inshuwalansi ya moyo
premium kuwirikiza kawiri ndalama zolipiridwa kwa munthu wosalumala chifukwa sanadalire
pa zomwe zachitika kapena pa data pozindikira mtengo wolipiritsa Chabner;
United idakhazikitsira kutsimikiza kwake pakuluma kwake (malamulo aboma adawongolera
kugulitsa inshuwaransi komanso kuti chitetezo chofananacho chimafunikira ndi inshuwaransi,
amene sanakumanepo ndi chitetezo ndipo anali ndi mlandu woyezera Chabner). Koma
khotilo lidagamula kuti ADA *si* imawongolera machitidwe a inshuwaransi. Ngati United
amayenera kubwera ndi deta yomveka bwino, mongoyerekeza imatha kulipira a
wolumala kwambiri ndipo uku sikungakhale tsankho.
Izi zikuchitira chiyani
anthu olumala omwe kulemala kwawo kungakhale maziko a kulemba motere
mafomu - monga ambiri omwe akukhalabe pa Social Security, mwachitsanzo?
Mabungwe a inshuwalansi angapezebe njira zothetsera anthu olumala
kuchokera kugulu la inshuwaransi popangitsa kuti mawuwo akhale osatheka kapena osakwanira kukwaniritsa
zofuna zake..
Zopindulitsa za anthu olumala
zinakhazikitsidwa chakumapeto kwa zaka za mโma 1950 pamlingo waukulu kuwongolera โmsikawu
zolepheraโ, kupereka chitetezo chomwe capitalism sichinalole ndipo sichitero
chilolezo mpaka lero kwa anthu olumala.
Kupanga "wopanga ndalama zatsopano
class" monga momwe a Bush akunenera pochotsa ndalamazo mu Social Security
ndalama zidzathetsa zomwe zilipo zothandizira olumala. Kutsatsa
idzachepetsa ndalama zopita ku Trust Fund kuchokera kwa anthu onse
kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kusunga zopindulitsa kwa olumala ndi
opulumuka kwa nthawi yayitali pomwe anthu ambiri akutuluka mudongosolo.
Zopindulitsa za anthu olumala
zidzawonongeka. Anthu olumala pamapulogalamuwa, omwe ali kale pa
m'mphepete mwa kupulumuka, sangakwanitse kuti macheke awo achepe. Msika
steamroller ikukankhira zovuta zabodza kuti zichitike.
Marta Russell akhoza kukhala
anafika pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa]