Pomaliza ndidamva, mapangano omwe amakambitsirana pakati pa maphwando awiri ovomereza komanso oyenerera akuyenera kukhala omangika, ndi zotsatirapo ngati gulu limodzi likuphwanya zomwe adagwirizana ndikulemba chikalata chovomerezeka. Ndiko kuti, pokhapokha ngati boma likuchita mapangano otere ndi anthu amtundu wawo. Ndiye zikalata zamalamulo izi ndizongopereka milomo, kapena zikuwoneka, kutengera zochita za US, Canada, ndi maboma ena omwe apitilizabe kupondereza ufulu wa anthu amtundu wawo popanda chilango. Mโmalo moimbidwa mlandu pa mapangano amene asayina, maboma amenewa akupitirizabe kulanda anthu eni nthaka malo awo, moyo wawo, ndiponso chikhalidwe chawo. Choipa kwambiri nโchakuti, ali ndi ndulu yoloza chala anthu amtundu wamba ndi ogwirizana nawo amene amakana kuonongedwa kosalekeza kwa dziko lawo ndi chuma chawo, kuwatcha zigawenga.
Boma la United States lakambirana mapangano pafupifupi 600 ndi Amwenye, ndipo ambiri mwa mapanganowo linawaswa. Monga chitsanzo chimodzi chokha, chikanakhala kuti chikanatsatira mgwirizano wawo, mtundu wa Lakota ukadakhala kumadzulo kwa Midwest (ndi zina za chigawo chakum'mawa kwa zomwe tsopano timatcha Kumadzulo), ndi chuma chochuluka choperekedwa ndi dziko. ndi madzi mโdera limenelo. Mโmalo mwake, Lakota ambiri amakhala mโmalo osungika (kapena akaidi a mโmisasa yankhondo, monga momwe angatchulire) monga Pine Ridge, yomwe pachaka imakhala imodzi mwa malo osauka kwambiri ku United States. Chiwerengero cha anthu osowa ntchito chikuzungulira 70 peresenti, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2011, pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya anthu okhala ku Pine Ridge amakhala pansi pa umphaลตi wa federal. Monga dziko lachitatu, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amayembekeza kukhala ndi moyo chimakwera m'ma 40s ndi oyambirira a 50s, mosiyana kwambiri ndi ena onse a US, kumene akazi ambiri amakhala 81 ndi amuna ambiri 76. olinganizidwa, monga momwe American Indian Movement idachitira m'ma 1960 ndi 1970, amawonetsedwa ngati chiwopsezo, osati ngati gawo la yankho.
Canada sanachite bwino. M'malo molemekeza mapangano ake kwa magulu amtundu, boma la Canada labera malowo ndikuwononga madzi, nthaka, ndi mpweya momwe ambiri a Mitundu Yoyamba amakhala. Pa October 15, 2013, mtolankhani wapadera wa bungwe la United Nations woona za ufulu wa anthu eni eni, dzina lake James Anaya, anapereka lipoti loopsa kwambiri, losonyeza kuti anthu 20 pa XNUMX alionse achiaborijini ku Canada amakhala mโnyumba zimene zikufunika kukonzedwanso ndipo chiwerengero cha achinyamata odzipha ndi XNUMX. nthawi zambiri kuposa za anthu onse aku Canada. Anaya adatcha vutoli ngati "vuto," ndipo, mwazinthu zina, adatsata ndondomeko za boma la Canada zomwe zidaphwanya nyumba ndi kuwononga zikhalidwe zawo potumiza achinyamata amtunduwu kusukulu zowopsa zogonera komwe adakakamizika kukhala oyera momwe angathere.
Koma, m'malo moganizira mozama za lipoti la Anaya, boma la Canada linasankha kupititsa patsogolo kupondereza gulu lomwe linali losaloledwa kale. Masiku angapo apitawo, pamene anthu ammudzi ndi ogwirizana nawo adagwirizana kuti achite ziwonetsero ku New Brunswick (njira yochotsa gasi wachilengedwe yomwe imawononga nthaka ndi madzi apansi), RCMP idayankha mwamphamvu. M'malo momvera mawu a anthu amtundu wamtunduwu okhudza mapaipi a Tar Sands, boma la Canada laphwanya mawu awo ndipo likupitilizabe kulanda.
Kotero, pamene US ndi Canada ndi awiri mwa mayiko olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, onse ayenera kukhala ndi udindo ndikulipira mtengo kuti akhale tero kupyolera mu kuchotsa chuma ndi malo omwe sanali awo komanso omwe sali awo.
Amwenye ndi owatsatira sanalankhulepo za nkhaniyi ndipo sakhala chete. Magulu ngati Idle No More adakonza, kupita m'misewu, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuvina kwachikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe chawo komanso kuphunzitsa-ins ndi zochitika zina zopanda chiwawa kuti akonzekere madera kuti alankhule za ndondomeko zopondereza. Ndinali ndi mwayi womva kuchokera kwa oimira a Idle No More posachedwa ndikuchita nawo limodzi mwamisonkhano yawo. Kuchitcha kuti chochitika chodzichepetsa nโchopanda pake.
Kwa owerenga omwe sadziwa bwino mbiri izi, ndikupemphani kuti mudziphunzitse. Pali zambiri ku nkhaniyi kuposa zomwe ndapereka pano. Mukatero, nanunso mudzakwiya, ndipo mwachiyembekezo mudzaitanidwa kuti muchitepo kanthu, kuti muthandize anthu amtunduwu pamene akulimbana kuti atengenso zomwe zili zawo mwalamulo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti atha kulera ana awo m'malo opanda poizoni. Ndizochepa zomwe tingachite.
Laura Finley, Ph.D., amaphunzitsa ku Barry University Department of Sociology & Criminology ndipo amathandizidwa ndi PeaceVoice.