Posachedwapa, polankhula ndi gulu la ana asukulu akusekondale, ndinafunsidwa chifukwa chimene ndinkangokhalira kudera nkhaŵa kusankhana mitundu kwa azungu. Tinkakambirana zamwano, ndipo ophunzira ambiri achizungu ankadabwa chifukwa chimene sindinkakwiyira anthu akuda pogwiritsa ntchito mawu ngati “honky†kapena “cracker†monga momwe ndinkachitira za azungu omwe ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu ngati “nigger. .â€
Ngakhale kuti nkhani yotereyi ingaoneke ngati yaing’ono m’dongosolo lalikulu la zinthu—makamaka tikaganizira zokambitsirana zokhuza kusankhana mitundu m’maphunziro amene ndinkayembekezera kuchita nawo tsiku limenelo—vuto lomwe ophunzirawo anali nalo linalidi lofunika kwambiri. M’malo mwake, inalola kukambitsirana ponena za tanthauzo lenileni la tsankho ndi mmene limagwirira ntchito.
Kumbali imodzi, zachidziwikire, mawu onyoza otere ndi osayenera komanso okhumudwitsa, ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nditatero, ndinasonyeza kuti ngakhale kutchulidwa kwa mawu akuti “honky†ndi “cracker†kunkachititsa kuseka; osati kokha kuchokera kwa ophunzira akuda omwe analipo, komanso ochokera kwa azungu ena.
Mawuwa ndi opusa, achichepere, omvetsa chisoni kwambiri kotero kuti sangayenerere konse kukhala mawu onyoza mafuko, osasiyapo mawu achipongwe ofanana ndi omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi anthu amitundu.
Kuperewera kwa symmetry pakati pa mawu ngati honky ndi slur monga “nigger†kunawonekera mu skit yakale ya Saturday Night Live, ndi Chevy Chase ndi mlendo, Richard Pryor.
Mu skit, Chase ndi Pryor amakumana wina ndi mnzake ndikugulitsana mitundu pagawo la Weekend Update. Chase amatcha Pryor “nyani wapakhonde.†Pryor akuyankha kuti “honky.†Chase ups the ante ndi “jungle bunny†Pryor, yemwe sanathe kutsutsa ndi mawu oipa kwambiri polimbana ndi azungu, akuyankha kuti “honky. , honky.†Chase ndiye akukweza mawu onse am'mbuyomu ndi “nigger,†pomwe Pryor akuyankha kuti: “dead honky.
Mzerewu umapangitsa kuseka ponseponse, komanso umamveketsa bwino, mosabisa kuti pankhani yotsutsana ndi mafuko, anthu amitundu amakhala ochepa pamatchulidwe omwe angagwiritse ntchito polimbana ndi azungu, komanso omwe atha kumveka bwino. zoseketsa kuposa zonyansa. Zotsatira zakumva kunyoza kwa antiblack mu skit kunali kwakukulu kosayerekezeka ndi kumva Pryor akunena “honky†mobwerezabwereza.
Monga mzungu nthawi zonse ndimawona mawu ngati honky kapena cracker monga umboni wa kuchuluka kwa tsankho loyera linali lamphamvu kuposa kusiyana kulikonse pamutu wakuda kapena bulauni.
Gulu la anthu likakhala ndi mphamvu pang'ono kapena lilibe mphamvu pa inu m'mabungwe, sangathe kufotokozera momwe mulili, sangakuchepetseni mwayi wanu, ndipo simuyenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito slur kufotokoza za inu ndi anu, chifukwa, mwina, slur ndi mpaka kufika. Achita chiyani kenako: kukukanani ngongole kubanki? Inde, kulondola.
Ndiye pamene “nigger†anali ndipo ndi liwu logwiritsidwa ntchito ndi azungu kunyoza anthu akuda, kutanthauza kutsika kwawo, kuti “kuwaika mmalo mwawo†ngati mungafune, zomwezo sizinganenedwe za honky: pambuyo pake, mungatheâ Osayika azungu m'malo awo pomwe ali ndi malo poyambira.
Mphamvu zili ngati zida za thupi. Ndipo ngakhale kuti si azungu onse omwe ali ndi mphamvu zofanana, pali mlingo weniweni womwe tonsefe timakhala nawo kuposa momwe timafunikira vis-Ã -vis anthu amtundu: makamaka pankhani ya udindo, mwayi ndi malingaliro. .
Talingalirani za azungu osauka. Kunena zoona, iwo alibe mphamvu pazachuma poyerekezera ndi anthu olemera amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma izo zimaphonya mfundo ya momwe mwayi wamtundu umagwirira ntchito mkati mwa dongosolo lamagulu.
Mkati mwa dongosolo lamagulu, anthu amakonda kupikisana ndi “zinthu†motsutsana ndi ena omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chofanana pazachuma. M’mawu ena, olemera ndi osauka salimbirana nyumba zimodzimodzi, ngongole za kubanki, ntchito, ngakhale maphunziro. Wolemera amapikisana ndi olemera, ogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi ogwira ntchito komanso osauka motsutsana ndi osauka. Ndipo m'mipikisano imeneyo mwayi wamtundu umagwirizana kwambiri.
Azungu osauka samakonda kutchulidwa ngati matenda, oopsa, aulesi kapena osasunthika monga momwe akuda osauka alili, mwachitsanzo. Komanso sakhala ndi ziwanda momwe anthu osauka aku Latino / osamukira kumayiko ena amakhalira.
Andale akafuna kuthamangitsa anthu olandila chithandizo samasankha Bubba ndi Crystal kuchokera kumalo ena osungiramo zinthu zakale a Appalachian; amasankha Shawonda Jefferson kuchokera ku Robert Taylor Homes, ndi ana ake asanu ndi awiri.
Ndipo malinga ndi malipoti ochokera m'maboma angapo, kuyambira pomwe amatchedwa kusintha kwazaumoyo, olandira azungu akhala akusamalidwa bwino kwambiri ndi ogwira ntchito pamilandu, sangachotsedwe pamilandu chifukwa choganiziridwa kuti akulephera kutsatira malamulo atsopano, ndipo apatsidwa. thandizo lochulukirapo popeza ntchito zatsopano kuposa anzawo akuda kapena abulauni.
Azungu osauka ali ndi mwayi wopeza ntchito, amakonda kupeza ndalama zambiri kuposa osauka amtundu, ndipo amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi nyumba zawozawo. Zowonadi, azungu omwe amapeza ndalama zosakwana $13,000 pachaka amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi nyumba zawozawo kuposa akuda omwe amapeza ndalama zochulukirapo katatu chifukwa chokhala ndi cholowa.
Palibe mwa izi ndikunena kuti azungu osauka sakusokonezedwa njira zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka Lamlungu ndi dongosolo lazachuma lomwe limadalira kusakhulupirika kwawo: ali. Koma amasungabe "mmodzi-mmodzi" pa osauka omwenso kapenanso abwinoko kwa anthu amtundu chifukwa cha tsankho.
Ndiko kumodzi komwe kumapangitsa mphamvu za tsankho zina kukhala zowopsa kuposa zina. Ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti cracker kapena honky asakhale ndi vuto lililonse kuposa ma slurs omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri motsutsana ndi zakuda ndi zofiirira.
Poyankha ku zonsezi, anthu okayikira anganene kuti anthu amitundu ina angathedi kulamulira azungu, makamaka mwa chiwawa chosonkhezeredwa ndi tsankho. Izi zinali choncho, mwachitsanzo, sabata ino ku New York City kumene munthu wakuda anawombera azungu aŵiri ndi mmodzi wa pachilumba cha Asia-Pacific asanagonjetsedwe. Zikuoneka kuti iye analengeza kuti akufuna kupha azungu, ndipo ankayembekezera kuyatsa vinyo pamoto kuti cholinga choterocho chikwaniritsidwe.
N’zosakayikitsa kuti zimene anachitazo zinali za tsankho, ndipo kwa anthu amene ankafuna kupha mphamvu zake ziyenera kuti zinkaoneka ngati zenizeni. Komabe pali zovuta zonena kuti “mphamvu†imatsimikizira kusankhana mitundu kwa anthu amitundu ndi koyipa monga momwe zimasinthira.
Choyamba, nkhanza zamtundu ndi mphamvu zomwe azungu ali nazo, kotero kuti mphamvu zomwe zingapezeke muzochitika zotere sizikhala zachilendo kwa anthu omwe si azungu, mosiyana ndi mphamvu yokana ngongole ya banki pazifukwa zamtundu, "kuwongolera" ogula nyumba ena kutali ndi moyo. m'madera “abwino kwambiriâ€, kapena kuti atchuke mosankhana mitundu malinga ndi zaupolisi. Amenewo ndi mphamvu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi gulu lolamulira kwambiri ngati nkhani yothandiza komanso yokhazikika.
Kuonjezera apo, "mphamvu" ya chiwawa si mphamvu kwenikweni, popeza kuti munthu azichita, ayenera kuphwanya lamulo ndi kugonjera ku chilango chalamulo.
Mphamvu zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri zikatha kutumizidwa popanda kuphwanya malamulo kuti zichite, kapena kuchita izi zitha kungopereka chilango chaching'ono chapachiweniweni moyipa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake kusankhana pakubwereketsa, ngakhale kuli koletsedwa sikungabweretse kundende; momwemonso ndi tsankho pantchito kapena mbiri yamtundu.
Pali njira zambiri zomwe magulu amphamvu amatha kutengera kusankhana mitundu motsutsana ndi magulu opanda mphamvu popanda kuphwanya lamulo: pochoka pamene ambiri a "iwo" alowa (zomwe munthu angachite ngati ali ndi mwayi wosuntha popanda kukhala nawo. kudandaula za tsankho m'nyumba.)
Kapena munthu akhoza kusankhana pa ntchito koma osapatsidwa chilango, malinga ngati wina akunena kuti wopempha mtunduwo anali "wosayenera," ngakhale kuti kutsimikiza kumeneku kumakhala kokhazikika ndipo sikumafufuzidwa kawirikawiri kuti awone ngati kunatsimikiziridwa molondola, monga kutsutsana ndi kukhala woyimira chabe wa tsankho. Mwachidule, ndi mphamvu yamabungwe yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri.
Momwemonso, ndi kusiyana kwa mphamvu ndi udindo komwe kwapangitsa kuyesa kwaposachedwa kwa omenyera ufulu wa Amwenye aku America ku Colorado kuti asinthe malingaliro osankha azungu kukhala osathandiza.
Ophunzira aku India ku yunivesite ya Northern Colorado, atatopa ndi kusafuna kwa oyang'anira chigawo cha azungu ku Greeley kuti asinthe dzina komanso chojambula chochititsa chidwi cha Indian cha Eaton High School “Reds,†posachedwapa adayamba kutembenuza script pa zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri. tsankho lokonda mascot.
Poganiza kuti angawonetse azungu momwe zimakhalira “kukhala mu nsapato zawo†ndikuwona kufunikira kwa kukhala chizindikiro cha timu, anthu amtundu wa gulu la basketball la intramural adadzitcha dzina la “Fightin’ Whiteys,†ndipo ovala ma t-shirts okhala ndi timu ya mascot: chojambula cha m'ma 1950 cha mzungu, wapakati, pafupi ndi mawu akuti "thang iliyonse" idzakhala yoyera.
Ngakhale kuyesayesa kunali koseketsa, sikunangolephera kufotokoza mfundoyo, koma kuseka komanso kuthandizidwa kwenikweni ndi azungu. Rush Limbaugh adalengeza za ma t-shirts a timuyi pawailesi yake, ndipo azungu ochokera kugombe kupita kugombe akhala akupempha zida zamagulu, akuganiza kuti ndizoseketsa kusinthidwa kukhala mascot, m'malo monyoza.
Zachidziwikire kusiyana kwake ndikuti ndizovuta kutsutsa gulu lomwe mphamvu ndi udindo wawo umawalola kufotokozera tanthauzo la zoyesayesa za gulu lina pa nthabwala: pankhaniyi kuyesa kwa Amwenye kuwaphunzitsa phunziro. Ndizovuta kusukulu ahedi, mwa kuyankhula kwina.
Kutsutsa kumagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi omwe alibe mphamvu chifukwa alibe mphamvu. Njirayi siigwira ntchito mobwerera, kapena, kuti igwire ntchito ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe munthu angaganizire.
Kusandutsa Amwenye kukhala zinyalala kwakhala konyansa kwenikweni chifukwa ndiko kupitiriza kunyozetsa anthu oterowo kwa zaka mazana ambiri; kupitiriza kwa malingaliro a utsamunda ndi kugonjetsa.
Sizili ngati kuti gulu lina “azungu” anangosankha kusandutsa gulu lina—Amwenyewo kukhala zinyalala. M'malo mwake, n'zakuti gulu limodzi, azungu, nthawi zonse amawona Amwenye monga anthu ochepa chabe, ngati ankhanza, monga “zamtchire,†ndipo atha osati kungowonetsa zithunzithunzi zotere pa mbendera ndi mayunifolomu a masewera, koma m'mabuku a mbiri yakale. ndi mabuku kwambiri.
Pankhani ya ophunzira ku Northern, ayenera kukhala acerbic kwambiri poyesa azungu, kuti ayesetse “reverse racism†kuti afotokoze mfundoyo. Pambuyo pake, "fightin" si khalidwe loipa pamaso pa azungu ambiri, ndipo chithunzi cha 1950 chomwe chinasankhidwa kuti yunifolomu sichiwoneka ngati chinthu chachikulu.
Mwina akadakhazikika pa “azungu okhala ndi akapolo,“““akupha azungu,†kapena“akuba malo,†kapena“azungu ang`onoang'ono opatsa pacholinga,†kapena †œazungu opha anthu ammudzi,†kapena “azungu akugwiririra anthu ambiri†akadamveka.
Ndipo m'malo mokhala ndi logo yomwetulira ya “company manâ€, mwina Klansman, kapena wakhungu ngati woimira mtundu woyera: tsopano chimenecho chikanakhala ntchito yabwino yofanana ndi wankhondo waku India yemwe anali kukuwa. Koma onani, inu muyenera kukhala olimba kuti mutembenuzire magome pa mwamunayo, ndipo zachipongwe sizingafike kasanu ndi kamodzi mwa khumi.
Popanda mphamvu zofotokozera zenizeni za gulu lina, omenyera ufulu waku India satha kutembenuza ma tebulo ndi nthabwala zokhazikika.
Mwachidule, chomwe chimalekanitsa tsankho loyera ndi mtundu wina uliwonse, komanso chomwe chimapangitsa kuseketsa kodana ndi wakuda, wonyezimira, wachikasu, kapena wofiyira kukhala woluma komanso wowopsa kuposa momwe amachitira zoyera ndi kuthekera kwa oyamba kukhala m'malingaliro ndi malingaliro a nzika.
Malingaliro oyera ndi omwe amatha kuwerengedwa m'gulu lolamulidwa ndi azungu. Ngati azungu amanena kuti Amwenye ndi ankhanza (akhale a “olemekezeka†kapena amtundu wankhanza), ndiye kuti ndi Mulungu, adzawaona ngati ankhanza. Ngati amwenye amati azungu ndi ogulitsa mayonesi-akudya Amway, gehena adzasamala ndani? Ngati zili choncho, azungu amangosintha kukhala mwayi wotsatsa. Mukakhala ndi mphamvu, mutha kukwanitsa kudzidetsa nokha, pambuyo pake.
Tsiku lomwe wina apanga zotsatsa m'nyuzipepala zomwe zimati: “Magologolo makumi awiri akugulitsidwa lero: zabwino, zoperekedwa zabwino kwambiri zalandiridwa,†kapena “Cracker aphedwa usikuuno: kuyimbira mluzu mkazi wakuda,†ndiye mwina nditero. onani kufanana kwa mawu onyozawa ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino yomwe takhala tikuzolowera.
Mipingo ya azungu ikayamba kutenthedwa ndi zigawenga zakuda zomwe zimapopera penti “kupha ma honki†m'mphepete mwa misewu yakunja, ndiye kuti mwina ndilingalira mozama za nkhawa za "kuthetsa tsankho."
Mpaka nthawiyo, ndikuganiza kuti ndidzipeza ndikuseka lingaliro la skit ina yakale ya Saturday Night Live: nthawi ino ndi Garrett Morris ngati wolakwa pawonetsero waluso wa ndende yemwe amaimba:
Ndipezereni mfuti ndikupha azungu onse omwe ndimawawona. Ndipezereni mfuti ndikupha azungu onse omwe ndimawawona. Ndipo ndikangopha azungu onse omwe ndimawawona Kenako whitey sangandivutitse Andipezera mfuti ndikupha ma whiteys onse omwe ndimawawona.
Pepani, koma sizili chimodzimodzi.
Tim Wise ndi wolemba nkhani wotsutsana ndi tsankho, wotsutsa komanso wophunzitsa. Iye akhoza kufikiridwa pa [imelo ndiotetezedwa]