Maphunziro ndi lingaliro lomwe timakumana nalo tsiku lililonse mwanjira ina, mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe, mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina. Kwa nthawi yaitali wakhala akuonedwa kuti ndi “chipolopolo chasiliva” pothana ndi kupanda chilungamo kwakukulu kofala m’chitaganya: umphaŵi, upandu, kusankhana mitundu, utsogoleri wa makolo, ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi zachuma. Kuyanjana kwathu ndi maphunziro kumatengera komanso kumasiyana malinga ndi momwe mphamvu zimakhalira: gulu, fuko, jenda, geography, ndi zochitika pamoyo. Kwa ena, kuyanjana uku kumawonekera m'mafunso a machitidwe abwino ndi nzeru zamaphunziro.
Kwa ena, zimazungulira kwambiri pakupeza chidziwitso ndi mafunso oyimira. Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana kwathu kwamalingaliro ndi maphunziro sikuli kopanda tsankho kapena kuwerengera malingaliro. Kodi maphunziro amathandizira ndani komanso ndi cholinga chotani? Kodi maphunziro amawoneka bwanji? Kodi tidzazindikira pamene tikuwona? Kapena, kodi tingalakwitse ndi chinthu china? Monga katswiri wodziwika bwino wa pedagogy Paulo Freire anafotokoza:
Maphunziro mwina amagwira ntchito ngati chida chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira kuphatikizika kwa achichepere mumalingaliro a dongosolo lino ndi kubweretsa kugwirizana; kapena imakhala mchitidwe waufulu, njira zomwe abambo ndi amai amachitira mozama komanso mwachidwi ndi zenizeni ndikupeza momwe angatengere nawo gawo pakusintha kwa dziko lawo.
Njala New York Times wolemba nkhani Thomas Friedman posachedwapa analemba za kukulitsa maphunziro aulere pa intaneti ndi mabungwe monga Stanford ndi MIT, komanso makampani monga Coursera ndi Udacity. Ngakhale Friedman akutamanda chodabwitsa ichi monga "kusintha" akunena kuti "(n) kanthu kalikonse kali ndi kuthekera kokweza anthu ambiri muumphawi - powapatsa maphunziro otsika mtengo kuti apeze ntchito kapena kuwongolera ntchito yomwe ali nayo. Palibe chomwe chingatheke kutsegulira ubongo wina biliyoni kuti athetse mavuto akulu padziko lapansi. ” Amapitilira kuwaza ndime yake ndi zolemba zochokera kwa anthu omwe apindula ndi maphunziro otseguka aku yunivesite.
Friedman amawona luso laukadaulo ndi maphunziro ili ngati lomwe lingalole ogwira ntchito akunja kukhala ndi maphunziro oyenerera kuti apikisane ndi ogwira ntchito pa Dziko Loyamba. Lingaliro ndiloti izi zidzapindulitsa mabungwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe adzakhala ndi antchito ambiri aluso omwe angagwireko ntchito. Ochita sewerowa, omwe ali ndi antchito ambiri aluso (komanso otsika mtengo), adzapereka ntchito zopindulitsa komanso kupeza ndalama zambiri, pamapeto pake kuthetsa umphawi m'dziko lachitatu.
M'njira yomweyo panali mkonzi waposachedwa wolembedwa ndi Pauline Rose, Mtsogoleri wa Global Monitoring Report on Education lofalitsidwa ndi UNESCO. M'malo mwake, Rose mayitanidwe kuti chithunzi chofanana ndi Bill Gates chiwonekere kuti chibweretse ndalama zamaphunziro apadziko lonse lapansi pakati pamakampani azinsinsi ndi maziko. Kupereka chithandizo kwamakampani kumawonedwa ngati njira yothetsera mwayi wopeza maphunziro padziko lonse lapansi. Potsatira malingaliro a Friedman, Rose akuti:
Pamaso pake, payenera kukhala kufunikira kocheperako kupanga bizinesi yamaphunziro. Zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira zabwino zachitukuko. Kukula kwachuma, thanzi, zakudya ndi demokalase zonse zimalimbikitsidwa ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Ngati ana onse a m’mayiko osauka akanasiya sukulu ali ndi luso loŵerenga, umphaŵi ukhoza kutsika ndi 12 peresenti – ndipo zimenezo ndi zabwino kwa bizinesi. Makampani apadera amapindula mwachindunji ndi anthu ophunzira, aluso ogwira ntchito.
Friedman ndi Rose kwenikweni akufuna kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro apadziko lonse lapansi. Izi ndi azimuth zomwe zayamba kale ku US, pamene taona kukula kwa masukulu omwe amayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe abizinesi, kutsindika kosasunthika pamayeso, ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa mabungwe a aphunzitsi pamodzi ndi malingaliro olakwika akuti aphunzitsi okha ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wolepheretsa maphunziro.
Zomwe izi zimatheketsa, komanso zomwe zimapitilizidwa ndi zidutswa za Friedman ndi Rose, ndikukaniza kuganizira zazikuluzikulu zazachuma zokhudzana ndi capitalism yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi neoliberalism, nkhani zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi maphunziro. Choopsa si kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komwe kumapangitsa mwayi wopeza maphunziro ku Dziko Lachitatu, koma tanthauzo lake lomwe timalephera kuunika mozama.
M'malo moyamikira kuyambika kwa maphunziro aulere pa intaneti monga kusintha kwa maphunziro apadziko lonse lapansi komwe kudzathetsa umphawi ndi kuvutika, chifukwa chiyani sitikukayikira dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe linalola, ngati sililimbikitsidwa, kupangidwa kwa bwinja lomwe liripo kuti liyambe? Zigawo monga za Friedman ndi Rose zimatithandiza kuti tisamaganizire mmene tafika panthaŵi imene, monga momwe Rose ananenera, “(pa) ana 61 miliyoni osaphunzira.”
Zikuwoneka kuti amaiwala bwino kuti mapulogalamu a IMF asintha kwambiri kuchepa ndalama zoyendetsera maphunziro aboma ndi maboma, komanso kuti kusungitsa maphunziro mwachinsinsi kwapangitsa kuti pakhale tsankho pakati pa anthu, monga kuwoneka ku Chile. Tikadalira ndondomeko yomwe Friedman ndi Rose amagwiritsa ntchito, timadziletsa kuti tisafunse kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa zachuma padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zilipo kuti zilole kuti kubisala komanso kuthandizira makampani kukhala njira zothetsera kusagwirizana kwakukulu komwe kulipo kale.
Pamapeto pake, zonse zimabwereranso ku funso loyambirira la cholinga cha maphunziro. Kwa Friedman ndi Rose, cholinga chake ndikutulutsa antchito omwe adzakhazikitse dongosolo lazachuma lopanda chilungamo lomwe lidayambitsa vutoli. Cholinga chachikulu ndichotitsimikizira kuti njira yothetsera mavuto athu ndi mapiritsi omwe anayambitsa matendawo. Kwa Freire, cholinga cha maphunziro ndikupangitsa ophunzira kuchita bwino m'njira yomwe imasanthula mozama momwe tidafikira pamavutowa ndi momwe tingayambire kusintha.
Freire kapena Friedman? Kusankha ndi kwathu.