Chilengezochi chidakhala chodabwitsa kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi omwe akhala akudikirira kusintha kwakukulu kwa mfundo za US ku Cuba. Poulutsa nthawi imodzi, apurezidenti Raul Castro ndi Barack Obama adathetsa kusiyana kowawa, kosayenera komanso kosatha komwe kwasautsa mayiko onsewa kwazaka zopitilira theka. Pankhani ya ziganizo, mpumulo unadza kwa anthu aku Cuba ambiri, kunyumba ndi kunja, anthu aku Latin America kudera lonselo, ndi anthu kudera lonse la US ndi padziko lonse lapansi omwe adakondwera ndi thaw yomwe idalengezedwa mu ubale wa US-Cuba. Patapita zaka zoposa 50, atsogoleri a mayiko awiriwa analankhula patelefoni ndipo anagwirizana kuti akhazikitsenso ubale wawo. US idzatsegula kazembe wake ku Havana, ndipo Cuba idzachita zomwezo ku Washington. Kumeneko kunali kupambana kwakukulu, kunena pang'ono.
Anali a Castro amene sanachedwe kukumbutsa nzika zinzake kuti, poyamika ganizo la pulezidenti woyamba wa US kuti asinthe ubale wake ndi Cuba, kutsekereza koyipa komwe Washington kudayikira dziko lake kudakalipobe. A Obama analinso osamala kunena kuti ngakhale panali zochitika zenizeni zomwe angachite kuti ubale wake ukhale wabwinobwino ndi Cuba, inali Congress yaku US yomwe inali ndi mphamvu yothetsa kutsekereza, osati iye. Adalimbikitsa a Congress kuti achite izi, pomwe akudzudzula malangizo ochepa a Castro okhudza demokalase ndi ufulu wa anthu.
Mosakayikira, chimodzi mwa zipambano zofunika kwambiri za mgwirizanowu chinali kumasulidwa kwa nzika zitatu za Cuba zomwe zatsala, Gerardo Hernandez, Ramon Labañino ndi Antonio Guerrero, omwe anamangidwa mopanda chilungamo m'ndende za US kwa zaka 16 pa milandu yaukazitape ndi milandu ina. Ngakhale bungwe la United Nations loona za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe linadzudzula kuti mlandu wawo sunali wopondereza komanso mopanda chilungamo, ndipo mchitidwe wawo woyenerera komanso ufulu wawo waukulu unaphwanyidwa kwambiri. Amunawa adatha kubwerera kwawo kulandilidwa ndi ngwazi, pambuyo pa mgwirizano pakati pa maboma awiriwa omwe adawonanso kubweza kwa wogwirizira wina wa USAID yemwe adapezeka ndi mlandu woukira boma ku Cuba, Alan Gross, komanso nzika yaku Cuba komanso yemwe kale anali mkulu wazamazamawu. , Rolando Sarraff Trujillo, adamangidwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito ngati wothandizira pagulu la US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
Palibe kukayikira kuti chochitikachi chikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu mu ubale wa US-Cuba ndi ubale wa US ndi Latin America. Ndipo ndikupambana kwakukulu kwa Cuban Revolution, Fidel ndi Raul Castro ndi anthu aku Cuba. Pazaka khumi ndi zisanu zapitazi, Washington yasiya mphamvu ku Latin America ndipo derali lasunthira kwambiri kumanzere ndi apurezidenti asosholisti m'maiko ambiri ndi mabungwe atsopano omwe amapatula United States ndi Canada. Ndi Union of South America Nations (UNASUR), Bolivarian Alliance of the Peoples of Our America (ALBA) ndi Community of Latin America ndi Caribbean States (CELAC), Latin America yakhala yophatikizana, yodziimira, yodziimira komanso yamphamvu kuposa kale lonse. kale. Derali lapanga ubale ndi China, Russia, Iran ndi mayiko ena odziyimira pawokha okhala ndi misika yolimba komanso luso laukadaulo. Chitukuko chapita patsogolo ndipo kupatulapo ochepa, chuma cha Latin America chikukwera. Zonsezi zatheka popanda United States.
Poyankha, Washington idakulitsa kulowerera kwake m'derali, ndikuchirikiza zigawenga ndikuyesera kulanda apurezidenti osankhidwa mwademokalase ku Venezuela, Haiti, Bolivia, Honduras, Ecuador ndi Paraguay, kukulitsa kupezeka kwa asitikali kudera la hemisphere ndikukulitsa zoyeserera zowononga Latin America. maboma kudzera mu ndalama za madola mamiliyoni ambiri zamagulu otsutsa. Zochitazo zidalekanitsa Washington kwambiri m'derali ndipo maboma onse aku Latin America adakana, ngakhale omwe ali kumanja. Malingaliro okulirapo a "Patria Grande" (The Great Homeland) adazika mizu m'derali ndipo amangowoneka kukhala amphamvu chaka chilichonse.
Obama atasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti ndipo adapezekapo koyamba pa msonkhano wachigawo cha America ku Trinidad mu 2009, adalonjeza ubale watsopano ndi Latin America, kutengera kuyambiranso mphamvu za US mderali. Iye sananyalanyaze kapena mosazindikira mosadziwa kusintha komwe kunachitika ku Latin America ndipo anali ndi ndulu yoyimirira pamaso pa atsogoleri 33 a maboma ndi oimira akuluakulu a maboma a zigawo ndikuwauza kuti "ayiwale zakale" ndikupita patsogolo limodzi ndi United States. Mayiko ku ubale watsopano. Mawu ake odzitukumula anakumbutsa anthu a ku Latin America kufunika kophatikiza ndi kupititsa patsogolo ulamuliro wawo ndi kugwirizanitsa malinga ndi zofuna zawo. Pamsonkhanowo, mayiko ambiri, kupatula US ndi Canada, adadzudzula kuti dziko la Cuba likupitilizabe kuchotsedwa mu Organisation of American States (OAS) chifukwa cha chikoka cha Washington. Mu 2012, pa Msonkhano wotsatira waku America, Purezidenti Rafael Correa waku Ecuador adakana kupita nawo posonyeza kuti ndi ogwirizana ndi Cuba. "Ecuador sakhala nawo pamisonkhanoyi mpaka dziko la Cuba liphatikizidwa," adatero momveka bwino.
Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, Obama ndi Castro asanalengeze zoyesayesa zokhazikitsa ubale wabwino, boma la Panama lidalengeza poyera kuti Cuba idzaitanidwa ku Msonkhano Wachigawo wa 2015 waku America, womwe udzakhale nawo. Cuba yati ipitako. Lingaliro ili linali chizindikiro chosonyeza kuti chikoka cha Washington sichinayambenso kulamulira ku Latin America - ngakhale bungwe lachigawo lomwe linapangidwa ndi Washington kuti lilamulire ndi kulamulira derali tsopano silinagwire ntchito.
Komabe, kusuntha kwa Obama ku Cuba sikunali kopanda zotsatira zake. Ngakhale palibe kukayikira kuti lingaliro lokhazikitsanso ubale waukazembe, limodzi ndi kumasulidwa kwa atatu otsala mwa anthu asanu omangidwa mopanda chilungamo aku Cuba, ndi chigonjetso chachikulu, chambiri cha Revolution ya Cuba, komanso kupereka ulemu ku kukana, ulemu ndi mgwirizano wa Cuba. anthu aku Cuba, zolinga za Obama sizoyera.
Patangotha tsiku limodzi ndikulankhula kokonzedwa bwino kwa pulezidenti wokhudza momwe mfundo za US zalepherera ku Cuba, zomwe zidavomereza kuti kutsekeka komanso kuletsa chuma cha Cuba kunali kosokoneza, a Obama adasaina mabilu oletsa Venezuela ndi Russia. Palibe kukayikira kuti chigamulo chotsutsana ndi Venezuela, lamulo lopanda nzeru lotchedwa Venezuela Defense of Human Rights and Civil Society Act ya 2014, lidasainidwa ndi Obama kuti akondweretse gulu laling'ono, koma lodziwika bwino la anti-Castro, anti-Chavez ndi andale odana ndi Maduro ndi zigawo ku Miami omwe anali akupsa mtima chifukwa chosinthira ku Cuba.
Bili ya zilango zaku Venezuela ndizoseketsa. Ikufuna kulanga akuluakulu a boma ku Venezuela omwe akuti adaphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu otsutsa boma paziwonetsero zomwe zidachitika mu February 2014. Poganizira kuti zambiri mwa ziwonetserozi zinali zachiwawa kwambiri ndipo ziwonetsero zinachititsa kuti anthu oposa 40 aphedwe, ambiri mwa ziwonetserozi. omwe anali ochirikiza boma, oimirira ndi asilikali a chitetezo cha boma, kuyika zilango kwa akuluakulu a boma omwe adachita ntchito yawo kuteteza anthu wamba ndizopanda nzeru. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi kuperekedwa kwa lamuloli pomwe mazana a anthu otsutsa nkhanza za apolisi komanso tsankho akumangidwa ndikuphwanyidwa ufulu wawo ku United States, m'manja mwa akuluakulu a US. Osanenanso kuti senate yomweyi yomwe idalimbikitsa lamuloli yangotulutsa lipoti lakuya la kuzunzidwa komanso kuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe kochitidwa ndi CIA ndi asitikali aku US.
Lamulo la zilango ku Venezuela limapitilira kuzizira katundu wa akuluakulu aboma ochepa aku Venezuela ndikuchotsa ma visa awo. Ikutsimikiziranso kudzipereka kwa boma la US kuthandizira - pazachuma ndi ndale - gulu lodana ndi boma ku Venezuela lomwe likuchita mopyola ndondomeko ya demokalase, ndipo limavomereza kukonzekera nkhondo yabodza yolimbana ndi boma la Venezuela. Zonsezi zikukumbutsa mfundo zomwe zinalephera ku Cuba zomwe Obama adangosiya. Nanga bwanji kukakamiza zomwezo ku Venezuela?
Kusangalatsa anthu ammudzi ku Miami ndi chifukwa chachikulu. Koma Obama akufunikanso kusintha kwa mfundo za Cuba kuti apulumutse cholowa chake chomwe chikufota. Monga purezidenti woyamba wakuda ku United States, a Obama ankayembekezera kuti cholowa chake chidzakhala kutha kwa mikangano yamitundu ndi kusankhana mitundu m'dzikolo. Komabe, zosiyana zachitika muulamuliro wake. Kusamvana pakati pa mafuko kwafika poipa kwambiri. Ziwonetsero zazikulu zachitika m'dziko lonselo motsutsana ndi nkhanza za apolisi m'madera akuda komanso zopanda chilungamo zomwe anthu akuda akukumana nazo m'malamulo a US. Upandu wa mafuko wawonjezereka ndipo anthu akukwiya. "Kusintha" Obama adalonjeza sikunabwere ndipo sadzakhululukidwa chifukwa chakulephera kwake.
Kusintha kwazaumoyo kwa Obama kwapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu ndipo akukumanabe ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu kuchokera ku Republican Congress, yomwe yabwereranso ku mphamvu zonse, ndikupambana ambiri m'nyumba zonse chifukwa cha demokalase yonyozeka. Pomwe akupanga zisankho zina zokhuza anthu olowa m'dzikolo, a Obama walephera kupititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa anthu olowa m'dzikolo ndipo mwina sadzataya mipando ya demokalase mnyumba yamalamulo. Ngakhale adachotsa asitikali aku US ku Iraq monga momwe adalonjezera, gulu lina lachigawenga lidalanda madera akuluakulu a dzikolo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti US igwire ntchito komanso ndalama zokwana mabiliyoni ambiri kuti demokalase ku Iraq ikhale yopanda ntchito. Ponena za Afghanistan, a Obama adachulukitsa kukhalapo kwa asitikali aku US ndikubweretsa bajeti yonse yankhondo yopitilira madola biliyoni imodzi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale nkhondo yayitali kwambiri yankhondo yaku US komanso imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri. Adabweretsanso nkhondo ku Pakistan, Yemen ndi Africa, ndikuwononga Libya, pomwe adapereka ndalama ndi zida zankhondo ndi zigawenga ku Syria kuti nawonso awononge dzikolo. Ndipo kuwonjezera pa zonsezi, Obama adayambitsanso Cold War ndi Russia.
Ponseponse, cholowa cha Obama sichimasiya chilichonse. Walephera kunyumba ndikubweretsa chisokonezo kunja, ndipo Cuba ndi mpulumutsi wake. Tsopano a Obama adzakumbukiridwa m'mbiri ngati purezidenti yemwe adathetsa mfundo zosagwira ntchito, zowononga komanso zopanda pake za US zakunja. Adzakumbukiridwa chifukwa chokhazikitsa ubale osati ndi Cuba kokha, komanso ndi Latin America yonse, yomwe ingakhale yolemekezeka komanso yodalirika ngati zinali zoona.
Cuba sinakhale chiwopsezo chenicheni ku United States - ngati idakhalapo - kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma Venezuela, chifukwa cha nkhokwe zake zazikulu zamafuta, ili. US ikuyenera kuwongolera migolo yamafuta 300 biliyoni yaku Venezuela kuti iwonetsetse kuti idzakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo popanda boma lomvera lomwe lili ndi mphamvu, sizingatheke. Ndondomeko ya US ku Venezuela yakhala yofanana kuyambira pomwe Hugo Chavez adasankhidwa koyamba mu 1998 ndipo anakana kugwadira zofuna za US: kuwononga Bolivarian Revolution ndikumuchotsa pampando. Ndondomeko yomweyi ikugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi boma la Nicolas Maduro.
Poyesa kudzipatula ku Venezuela ndi Russia ndi zilango ndi kuwononga chuma chawo, Washington ikukhulupirira kuti ikwanitsa kulepheretsa kukula kwa ubale wa Russia ndi Latin America ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yaku Venezuela. Dongosololi ndikuchitapo kanthu ndikudzaza zomwe zili muzachuma komanso ndale za US. Ndipo Washington ikuganiza kuti pofika ku Cuba, ena onse aku Latin America adzanyengedwa mokwanira kuti alandirenso ulamuliro wa US.
Cuba ikhoza kukhala jekete la moyo wa Obama, koma sitimayo yayenda. Mayiko aku Latin America adzudzula kwambiri zilango za US ku Venezuela ndikupempha kuti zibwezeretsedwe. Obama atha kuganiza kuti atha kupereka nsembe ku Venezuela kuti apulumutse cholowa chake pocheza ndi Cuba ndikutseka ma hemisphere, koma akulakwitsa. Mgwirizano womwewo womwe mayiko aku Latin America adawonetsa ku Cuba kwazaka zopitilira 50 uliponso ku Venezuela. La Patria Grande sadzapusitsidwanso ndi miyezo iwiri ya US. Latin America yakhala ikuwonetsa kuti ikufuna kukhala ndi ubale wokhwima, waulemu ndi Washington. Kodi US idzatha kuchita zomwezo?
1 Comment
I have lived in Latin America for many years and am now completing a two-nation visit in Central America. The impression one receives is that this is a region that allows and in some ways even welcomes U.S. entrance, largely, it seems to me, because of the economic/financial benefit, not because folks are eager to embrace U.S. cultural or social values. This is critically important and the changes that have taken place over the last 15 years that Eva refers to are so great that unless one has lived here during the period it is almost too great to understand for the average person in the U.S.
The U.S. is a giant, of course, but the world is changing rapidly. Even our “best and brightest” often seem to dwell in darkness in the midst of these changes, harming our own people as well as Latin Americans. There is no simple solution to this dilemma for the U.S. and the increasing independence of other countries is inevitable. Eva’s article, as usual, is excellent.