Dan Georgakas
Ochepa
Zaka zapitazo a Martin Bernal Black Athena adalimbikitsa ndemanga zambiri za
udindo wa anthu akuda m'nthawi zakale. Ambiri akumanzere adayamika malingaliro a Bernal
kusanthula tsankho ambiri m'ma 1900 German akatswiri popanda
kumvetsetsa kuonda kwa mkangano wamba wa Bernal wokhudzana ndi zomwe akuganiza
Mizu ya Aigupto ya chikhalidwe chachi Greek. Mabuku otchuka a Afrocentrists, momveka bwino
kuchokera ku Bernal, adayika kuzunzidwa kotheratu kwa wakuda waku Africa
chikhalidwe chomwe zopezedwa ndi Afirika zanenedwa ndi Agiriki kapena
anabedwa kotheratu ndi Agiriki. Zambiri mwazopanda pake komanso malingaliro a Bernal
kuti Aigupto ankalamulira dziko la Greece zaka mazana ambiri asanafike
Anthu a ku Indo-European sanatsutse kufufuzidwa kwaukatswiri. Mary Lefkowitz wakhala
makamaka odziwika potsutsa Bernal ndi iwo omwe adapita kutali
Malingaliro a Bernal.
An
watsoka mbali ya luntha kugwa kwa mkangano umenewu wakhala a
kuchepa kwa chidwi pa ntchito yeniyeni ya Afirika mu dziko lakale. Komanso
ambiri akumanzere atenga lingaliro la Lefkowitz kuti ayang'ane kuyanjana
pakati pa anthu akuda aku Africa ndi dziko la Greco-Roman. Chiyambi cha zina zotero
Kuganizira ndi ntchito ya Frank Snowden, yemwe ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri ndi
Akuda mu Zakale: Aitiopiya mu Zochitika za Greco-Roman.
Chani
amasiyanitsa ntchito ya Snowden ndi Bernal ndikuyendetsa kwake mwakuthupi
umboni. Ngakhale kumbali ya zolemba iye bests Bernal potchula ambiri Greek ndi
Zolemba zachiroma zowunika momveka bwino za Aitiopiya m'malo mongotchula zosamveka
kufanana mu nthano za anthu. Iye akusonyeza kuti Agiriki ankaona mtundu
a ku Ethiopia chifukwa chochokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe ndipo sanakhazikikepo makhalidwe abwino
kapena zotsatira za nzeru zochokera ku mtundu, lingaliro lovomerezedwa ndi Aroma
ndi Akhristu oyambirira. Zolemba za Snowden zimabwerera ku Homer ndikupita ku
nthawi ya Chikhristu choyambirira. Mndandanda waukulu wa ndakatulo, zolemba, masewero, mbiri, ndi
zolemba zina zolembedwa zimatsata momwe malingaliro abwino a anthu akuda akutali adasinthira
kutchula anthu akuda kulowetsedwa m'dziko la Agiriki ndi Aroma.
kwambiri
zochititsa chidwi ndi zithunzi zana limodzi ndi makumi awiri ndi zinayi zomwe Snowden adatulutsamo
zoumba zakale, zosemasema, zosemasema, ndi zojambulajambula zina. Izi mpaka pano
zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi isanafike nthawi yachikhristu komanso monga zolembedwa nthawi zambiri
amawonetsa zochitika kuyambira nthawi zakale. Zithunzizi zikuwonetsa anthu akuda aku Africa
ankachita nawo mbali zonse za moyo osati ntchito imodzi yokha
kapena nthano. Anthu wamba amitundu yonse osati ngwazi yodziwika nthawi zambiri amakhala
nkhani.
Ndi chiyani
zotsitsimula powerenga Snowden ndi kuti m'malo mmbuyo mapangidwe kuwerenga wa
mbiri yozikidwa pamalingaliro amakono okhudza anthu akuda aku Africa ku Europe, Snowden
amapita ku zolemba zakale ndikuchepetsa kusanthula kwake momveka bwino
zizindikiritso. Chomwe chikuwonekera ndi chithunzi cha anthu akuda aku Africa ophatikizidwa bwino
m'dziko lakale mu zochitika za kufufuza, malonda, ndi nkhondo zomwe zimapanga
malingaliro a malo ndi nthawi. Snowden akuwonetsa izi ngakhale akuda
anali akapolo anali akapolo monga anthu ena ndi manumission kudzera zosiyanasiyana
njira zidachitika pafupipafupi komanso zotulukapo zofananira ndi zina
anthu. M'malo mongotchula za anthu omwe angakhale akuda kapena akuda
kupanga zakuda zachifumu za ku Makedoniya monga Cleopatra, Snowden amapereka mbiri
kuphatikiza kuyanjana kwamitundu yonse.
Monga ife
kupitiriza kulimbana ndi vuto la mtundu mu dziko lamakono, ndi
kuunikira ndi chiyembekezo kudziwa kuti tsankho mtundu sanali mbali ya
dziko lakale ndipo silinali mbali ya chiyambi cha Chikristu. M'malo moti
kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha nkhanza ndi paranoia, Snowden amalola udindo wa
anthu akuda aku Africa mu dziko lakale kuti ayime pa umboni wamba mbiri. Kuti
udindo ukuwoneka kuti ndi waukulu.
Snowden ku
Blacks in Antiquity si buku latsopano. Linasindikizidwa koyamba mu 1970! Zomwe a
manyazi kuti sichimatchulidwa kawirikawiri mu ndemanga ya leftist pa ntchito ya akuda
mโdziko lakale. Pansi pa zokambirana zonsezi, ndithudi, ndi
malingaliro olakwika akuti zopereka zakuda kudziko lapansi zimadalira zomwe zikuchitika posachedwa
kukhudza Kumadzulo. Kusiya zokambiranazo pambali, mizu iwiri ikuluikulu ya
Masiku ano ku Ulaya ndi dziko lachikunja la Agiriki ndi Aroma ndi Chiyuda ndi Chikhristu
miyambo. Snowden amatiwonetsa njira zabwino zomwe maiko onsewa
amawonedwa ndi kuyanjana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu akuda ku Africa. Postmodernists amene amaganiza
mbiri zonse ndi zambiri kapena zochepa subjective ndipo anatulukira zambiri intersect ndi
oganiza za dziko omwe amapanga mbiri kuti zigwirizane ndi malingaliro awo ndi ndale
ndondomeko. Sizikuyenda bwino mukakumana ndi mtundu wa data womwe Snowden ali nawo
wokwezedwa. Chigoli chimodzi pa kafukufuku wakale wodziwika wa African American
wophunzira.
Dan
Georgakas ndi coauthor wa Detroit: I Do Mind Dying ndipo pano akuphunzitsa ku
Yunivesite ya New York.