Ichi ndi choyamba cha mndandanda wa "makalata otseguka" kwa achinyamata (mwachitsanzo, azaka za 14 mpaka 25) aku America. Kwa achinyamata omwe lero akupanga CHIYEMBEKEZO cha dziko lapansi kuti apulumuke. Kupulumuka kwa dziko? Zikumveka ngati kukokomeza. Ayi, ndipo chifukwa chake:
1. Pali kuthekera kwakukulu kwa cholakwika mwangozi zokhudzana ndi zida za nyukiliya.
2. Dziko la US lataya Kyoto Protocol (Pangano loti liyambe kupulumutsa dziko lapansi). Pakali pano madzi oundana padziko lapansi akusungunuka, makamaka mu madzi oundana a ku Nepal.
3. Dziko la US lalengeza kuti Khoti la Nuremberg silikugwira ntchito kwa olakwa a US motsutsana ndi anthu.
Kuti asinthe izi, achinyamata aku US akuyenera kudziwa zomwe zakhala zikuchitika padziko lapansi. Mndandanda wa โmakalata otsegukaโ ameneลตa ndi kuyesayesa, kochokera ku mbali iyi ya dziko lapansi, kuwathandiza kupeza chidziลตitso chimenechi.
Pa February 21, 2005 Seymour Hersh adapambana mphoto ya magazini ya George Polk chifukwa cha nkhani zake ku New Yorker za kuzunzidwa kwa Iraqis ku Abu Ghraib. Hersh mu 1969, zaka 35 zapitazo, adawulula zakupha ku My Lai, kanyumba kakang'ono ku South Vietnam, komwe asitikali aku America adapha onse okhalamo. Pankhani imeneyi adalandira mphoto yake yoyamba ya George Polk. Amene alipo kwa Abu Ghraib ndi wachisanu wake.
Nkhani ya My Lai idavumbulutsidwa ndi msirikali wachinyamata waku America, wazaka zake zoyambilira za 20, dzina lake Ronald Ridenhour. Nkhani ya Abu Ghraib idavumbulutsidwa ndi Joseph Darby, msirikali wina waku America. Milandu imeneyi ikusonyeza kuti achinyamata ku America akhoza kusintha zinthu. Ndiponso, yerekezerani โmakhalidwe abwinoโ a anyamata aลตiri ameneลตa ndi โmikhalidwe (yachikristu) ya makhalidwe abwinoโ ya Barbara Bush ndi mwana wake wamwamuna George W., kapena wa Rumsfeld, wa Ashcroft, wa Condoleezza Rice, wa Wolfowitz, ndi zina zotero.
Koma, George Polk anali ndani? Chifukwa chiyani Mphotho idakhazikitsidwa mwaulemu wake?
George W. Polk anabadwa mu 1913 ku Texas. Pambuyo pa Pearl Harbor, adamenya nkhondo ngati woyendetsa ndege ku Pacific, adagwetsedwa kawiri ndipo atakhala chaka m'zipatala zosiyanasiyana adabwerera ku US. Nkhondo itatha monga mtolankhani wa CBS adalemba Mayesero a Nuremberg, mu 1946.
Mu 1947 Polk adabwera ku Greece ngati mtolankhani wa CBS. Mu September chaka chomwecho anakwatira Rea Kokkonis, mkazi wachigiriki. Kenneth Matthews, yemwe ndi bwenzi lake, analemba kuti: โTitamuona limodzi ndi mutu wake wamphamvu, wakuda, komanso mkazi wodekha komanso wokonda kunyanyira, iwo anamanga banja losiririka, mgwirizano, womwe munthu angaganize, pa zonse zomwe zinali zokongola kwambiri mโmipikisano ya ku Nordic ndi Mediterranean. a banjali, m'buku lake "Memories of a Mountain War" (Longman, 1972).
Patangotha โโmiyezi yochepa atakwatirana, pa May 7 kapena May 8, 1948, George Polk anaphedwa ndi mfuti kuseri kwa mutu wake. Mtembo wake udapezeka pa Meyi 16, Lamlungu, ukuyandama padoko la Salonika, mayadi 50 kuchokera kutsogolo kwamadzi. Masiku ano, zaka 57 pambuyo pa kuphedwa, akuvomerezedwa kuti Polk anaphedwa ndi boma la US.
[Zindikirani: Salonika, kapena "Thessaloniki" m'Chigiriki chakale, mzinda wa kumpoto kwa Greece, womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu 315 BC ndipo unatchedwa mlongo wa theka la Alexander the Great (chitsanzo chakupha cha Hitler ndi ... waku Hollywood). Cha mโma AD 50 Mtumwi Paulo atapita ku Salonika anatumiza makalata awiri kwa โAtesalonikaโ, omwe tsopano akupezeka mโBaibulo.]
Monga momwe munthu angayembekezere, wachinyamata aliyense wa ku America lero angafunse (kapena afunse): NโCHIFUKWA CHIYANI boma la United States linalanda Polk, nzika ya ku America ya zaka 35, masiku angapo kuti abwerere ku United States nโkubwerera ku United States. Chiyanjano ku Harvard?
Yankho ndiloti Polk adazunzidwa ndi (mbiri) ndondomeko yokhazikika ya US yothetsa mikangano kupyolera mu chiwawa (nkhondo zamagazi) m'malo mokambirana mwamtendere komanso moona mtima. Zitsanzo zaposachedwa: Abambo a Bush akuukira Iraq pomwe Saddam akupempha Bush kuti asamuwukire. Clinton akuukira Yugoslavia pomwe Milosevic akuyesera kupewa kukhetsa magazi. Bush Son akuukira Iraq pomwe Saddam, adayesanso pachabe kupeลตa nkhondo.
Mu 1948, chaka cha kuphedwa kwa Polk, US inali kuyika maziko a gawo la nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ya Cold War. Polk "anali woyamba kuzunzidwa ndi Cold War", monga IF Stone, wa ku America wamkulu ndi woona mtima, adanena panthawiyo. Greece inali pansi pa ulamuliro wa chipani cha Nazi kuyambira 1941 mpaka 1944. Mu December 1944, a British (mothandizidwa ndi US Air Force) anaukira gulu lankhondo la Greek Resistance, bwenzi lawo lolimbana ndi chipani cha Nazi, kuti alepheretse kupambana kwa Kumanzere pamasankho omwe ankabwera. kupangidwa kwa boma ndi Greek Left. A Britain adakakamiza gulu lankhondo la Resistance kuti lichotse zida ndipo mothandizidwa ndi olondola achi Greek komanso omwe kale anali achi Greek ogwirizana ndi chipani cha Nazi adayamba kupha ndi kuzunza mamembala a Resistance kapena Greek chilichonse chomwe sichinali "nafe" ("ife" kukhala. a British ndi America) ndi zikwi makumi.
Monga momwe ankayembekezera anthu sakanatha kupiriranso zankhanzazi ndipo mu 1946 anapanduka. Kupanduka kwa zida kumeneku, komwe achikomyunizimu ndi otsogolera, kumadziwika padziko lonse lapansi monga "nkhondo yapachiweniweni" yachi Greek ya 1940s. Pofika m'chaka cha 1947 a British (atasweka) adapereka utsogoleri ku US, mphamvu yachifumu yomwe ikubwera. Mtsogoleri wa opandukawo anali Marko, wachikominisi.
Polk adateteza kulowererapo kwa America ku Greece, koma m'mawu ake komanso m'nkhani zake adadzudzula mwamphamvu ndondomeko ya US yomwe inali ndi cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito ziwawa zotsutsana ndi zigawengazo ndipo zinali zankhanza kwambiri motsutsana ndi boma lachi Greek lolamulidwa ndi US. Pokhala munthu woona mtima Polk, monga mamiliyoni a Amereka ena, anayesetsa kuthetsa mkangano mwamtendere ndi kuthetsa kukhetsa mwazi. Kwa osankhika aku US uku kunali kulakwitsa kwakukulu kwa iye.
Zowona zake zinali "zofalitsa zaku America zomwe zidada nkhawa kwambiri akuluakulu aku US." (โAmerican Intervention in Greece, 1943-1949,โ Lawrence S. Wittner, Columbia U. Press, 1982, p. 156). "Mu uthenga wopita kwa Drew Pearson, wolemba nyuzipepala waku America, [Polk] adadandaula kuti alandila ziwopsezo kuti 'wina avulazidwa' โ (Matthews, p. 185). Kuti ateteze mlandu wake pofuna kuthetsa mtendere Polk adaganiza zokumana ndi Markos, mtsogoleri wa opandukawo, kumapiri pafupi ndi Salonika ndikumufunsa mafunso. Anafika ku Salonika pa May 7. Maola ochepa pambuyo pake anaphedwa.
"Pokayikira zotsatira za kafukufuku uliwonse wa kuphedwa kwa Polk ndi akuluakulu achi Greek, (US) Overseas Writers Association inayambitsa imodzi yawo, motsogoleredwa ndi General Donovan. Wofufuza wamkulu wake, (anali) Colonel James Kellis wa US Air Forceโฆโ (Wittner, p. 159).
Koma, ndani anali Major General William J. Donovan, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti "Wild Bill Donovan"? "โฆ Donovan anali munthu wamphamvu yemwe adatsogolera ku America kukhala wamphamvu kwambiri. Anzake ambiri amamuwona ngati waku America wamkulu pa nthawi yakeโฆ ("Wild Bill Donovan the Last Hero", Anthony Cave Brown, Times Books, 1982, p.11).
Pa WWII Donovan adatsogolera Office of Strategic Services (OSS), "mayi" wa CIA. Ndipo mwachilengedwe "analipo pakulengedwa" kwa CIA. Donovan "anayambitsa mzera wa akatswiri aukazitape aku America omwe adalamulirabe gulu lazanzeru zaku America ndi ntchito zapadera kumapeto kwa 1982." (Brown, p. 12). Chifukwa chake, ngati tikuganiza kuti Polk adaphedwa ndi boma la US, ndiye kuti ndizomveka kuganiza kuti CIA idakhudzidwa ndi gawo lake la "ntchito zapadera". Ngati CIA idakhudzidwa ndizomveka kuganiza kuti Donovan amadziwa zomwe zidachitikira Polk. Malingaliro awa amathandizidwa ndi mfundo izi:
- Mu 1948 Colonel James Kellis, wofufuza wa Donovan, pakati pa mndandanda wa anthu khumi omwe akukayikira, "amasankha" Grigoris Staktopoulos (onani m'munsimu) ngati chothandizira pa kuphedwa kwa Polk. Mu 1978, zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pake, Kellis amapita ku kazembe wachi Greek ku New York ndikudzipereka mwakufuna kwake, mwalumbiro, pomwe akunena kuti Staktopoulos anali wosalakwa komanso kuti CIA idakhudzidwa ndi kubisala kupha.
- Mu 1948 Kellis adafunsidwa kuti akumane ndi Karl Ranking, wamkulu wa US ku Athens, yemwe adamuuza kuti: "Sindikuwona chifukwa chake mukuthyola msana wanu kuyesa kuwulula yemwe adapha mtolankhani uyu." (Wittner, p. 159).
- Mchimwene wa Polk wazaka 19, William, anali ku Greece panthawi ya mlandu wa Staktopoulos ndipo "anafunsa Donovan mosapita m'mbali ngati sikunali kofunika kuti adziwe zenizeni. 'N'chifukwa chiyani mukufunsa mafunso ovuta chonchi ndi kuchititsa zinthu kukhala zovuta?' 'Kodi simukumvetsa kuti tili m'kati mwa nkhondo? Ndiwe wachinyamata wanzeruโฆ.Ngati upitiliza, uwononga ntchito yako' โ (Wittner, p. 160).
- Pakatikati mwa zaka makumi asanu, Vasos Tsimbidaros, mtolankhani wachi Greek, adapereka ndondomeko ya filimu yokhudza kupha kwa Polk kwa Spyros Skouras, Greek-American Hollywood Mogul ndi pulezidenti wa 20th Century-Fox. Donovan adadziwa Skouras kudzera mubizinesi yazamalamulo kuyambira WWII isanachitike. Patatha sabata imodzi, Tsimbidaros adalumikizana ndi Skouras. Womalizayo, anambwezera script ndi kumuuza kuti: โIwalani. Donovan sakufuna izi. Palibe chimene ndingachite ndipo ndikupepesa chifukwa cha vuto limene ndinakupatsirani.โ (Kostas Papaioannou, "Political Assassination", Pontiki, 1993, p. 10).
- M'buku la Brown la masamba 981 la Donovan dzina la "woyamba kuzunzidwa ndi Cold War", George Polk, silipezeka mu Index ya bukhuli! Chifukwa chiyani?
Chifukwa chake, kubisa kuphedwa kwa Polk a US adagwiritsa ntchito ma proxies aku Greece. Wotsogolera pakati pawo anali Nikos Moushoundis, mkulu wa apolisi achitetezo ku Salonika. Monga apolisi onse padziko lapansi, iye anali katswiri pa ntchito yozunza ndiponso yachiwawa. Moushoundis anasankha ma communist aลตiri a Salonika, Adam Mouzenidis ndi E. Vazvanas, monga amene anapha mwakuthupi. Grigoris Staktopoulos (mtolankhani wachi Greek komanso mtolankhani wa โChristian Science Monitorโ ku Salonika) anasankhidwa (ndi Kellis) monga chowonjezera.
M'magazini a October 18, 1948 a "New York Herald" ndi "New York Times" pali nkhani-nkhani yotsimikizira kuti Mouzenidis anamwalira mwezi umodzi ASATI kuphedwa kwa Polk. Vazvanas anali makilomita khumi kutali ndi malo omwe anaphedwa panthawiyi.
Staktopoulos anazunzidwa mosalekeza kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi ndi Moushoondis mkati mwa polisi. Komanso adawopseza kuti amayi a Staktopoulos "aphedwe mumsewu wa Salonika". Pomaliza "adavomera" ndipo Moushoundis adayamba kumuphunzitsa tsiku lake kubwalo lamilandu. Amamuuzanso kuti avomereze tsogolo lake chifukwa ... kukonda dziko lako! Staktopoulos anayesa kudzipha kawiri, ali m'ndende.
Moushurundis anasandutsa chipinda cha polisi kukhala chipinda chandende ndipo anasunga Staktopoulos mmenemo kwa zaka zinayi. Chinsinsi cha chipinda cha apolisi chinavumbulutsidwa mwamwayi ndipo Moushoondis anakakamizika kutumiza Staktopoulos kundende yanthawi zonse kuti akachite zaka zonse zomwe adaweruzidwa.
Staktopoulos anakhala mโndende kwa zaka 12. Pomaliza adamasulidwa chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za loya wazaka 78 zakubadwa, yemwe sanathe kupirira chisalungamo chomwe chidachitika ku Staktopoulos. Pamene Staktopoulos anauza loyayo kuti Moushoundis anali kulankhula naye ponena za kukonda dziko lako ndi udindo wake ku dziko, loya wakale wochirikiza zolondola ndi wochirikiza dziko (koma munthu woona mtima) anayankha kuti: โNdimanyansidwa ndi dziko lotere!โ
Staktopoulos anamasulidwa mu 1960. Kwa zaka 38 zotsatira mpaka imfa yake, munthu wosalakwa, amayenera kukhala pakati pa anthu monga munthu amene anathandiza kupha Polk. Iye sakanakhoza kupirira zimenezo. Mu 1977 anachita apilo ku Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri ku Greece kuti aimbidwenso mlandu kuti atsimikizire kuti analibe mlandu. Apilo yake inakanidwa. Mu 1978 Kellis anatumiza kalata ku Khoti Lalikulu lochitira umboni zakuti Staktopoulos ndi wosalakwa. Kalatayo inanyalanyazidwa. Mu 1965 Staktopoulos anakwatira Theodora Zisimopoulos. Atamwalira, mkazi wake wamasiye anachita apilo inanso ku Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri mu 1999. Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri linakana apiloyo. Mu 2002 mkazi wamasiyeyo anachitanso apilo. Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri lakananso apiloyo.
Kukana uku kumavomereza kuti Polk anaphedwa ndi, Mouzenidis, mwamuna yemwe anamwalira mwezi umodzi asanaphe Polk. Kuganiza kuti Agiriki amayesa kupitiliza kubisala okha ndi kusazindikira. Kuphimbaku kukuchitika tsopano ndi epigones a Donovan. Zomwe zikuwonetsa mtundu wa demokalase yomwe ma Iraqi azikhala nayo zaka makumi angapo kuchokera pano ngati Bush Son apambana ku Iraq monga Truman adachitira ku Greece, m'ma 1940s.
[Zindikirani: Ndinakumana ndi Staktopoulos kawiri. Mpaka pano, ndikuona kuti ndine munthu waulemu, wodekha, komanso wachisoni kwambiri.]
Zaka makumi angapo zikubwerazi mazana (ngati si mamiliyoni) a Achimereka achichepere adzakwera ku Acropolis kukawona Parthenon, ndi zina zotero. malo obiriwira pafupifupi 3/4 ya mailosi kuchokera ku Acropolis. Chigawo chimenecho ndi Manda Oyamba a Atene. Mโmanda amenewa muli manda olembedwa kuti: GEORGE W. POLK, LIEUTENANT USN. Ndikumva kuti kuchezeredwa kwa achinyamata a ku America kumanda amenewo kudzakhala ulemu kwa Polk ndi Staktopoulos.
Pomaliza, Achimereka achicheperewa ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti theka la zaka zapitazo Moushoundis anali kuzunza anthu ngati "mgwirizano" wa boma la US. Masiku ano, Bush, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, Condoleezza Rice, ndi zina zotero, amachita zomwezo, koma amazitcha "kumasulira kwakukulu". Komanso, akuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti tsiku lina Khoti la Nuremberg liyenera kugwiriranso anthu osankhika aku America. Zili kwa achinyamata aku America awa kuti izi zichitike.