Pa Disembala 16, omenyera ufulu wa ogwira ntchito kumayiko omwe kale anali Soviet Union ndi kumadzulo kwa Europe adzakumbukira chaka chachiwiri chakupha apolisi kwa ogwira ntchito yamafuta ku Zhanaozen, kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan, ndi ziwonetsero. Kupha anthuwa kunathetsa ntchito ya miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yonyanyala ntchito yofuna kuti alipidwe bwino komanso kuti akhale ndi ufulu wopanga mabungwe odziyimira pawokha. (Zambiri za ziwonetsero ku London Pano.)
Boma la Kazakh likuvomereza kuti anthu 16 aphedwa ndipo 60 anavulala pa kuphedwa kwa Zhanaozen. Koma omenyera ufulu ku Kazakhstan amakhulupirira kuti ziwerengerozo zinali zochulukirapo.
M'mafunsowa, TATIANA M., wogwira ntchito m'bungwe lodziyimira pawokha m'chigawo china cha Kazakhstan, akukamba za Roza Tuletaeva, mkazi wogwirizira mafuta omwe akugwira ntchito imodzi mwa ziganizo zazitali kwambiri, komanso momwe mgwirizano ungamangidwenso.
GL. Kodi ndi zolondola kunena kuti nkhani yopanga mabungwe odziyimira pawokha inali yofunika kwambiri pagulu la ogwira ntchito pamafuta?
TM. Inde, ndithudi. Mabungwe angapo odziyimira pawokha adatulukira pamalo opangira mafuta panthawi ya sitiraka. Iwo sanakankhidwe kuchokera kunja, iwo anangopanga mawonekedwe pakati pa ogwira ntchito mafuta.
"Okambirana" adawonekera: anthu ochokera m'mabungwe odziyimira pawokha, atsogoleri osalongosoka, omwe adalamula ulemu pakati pa antchito. Iwo ankatha kukambirana ndi owalemba ntchito m’malo mwa antchito. Ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri mchitidwewo. Ogwira ntchito pamafuta anali atayamba kugwiritsa ntchito "okambirana" amtunduwu m'chaka cha 2008, ndipo adapambana kwambiri - kuwonjezereka kwa malipiro ndi kusintha kwa zinthu.
GL. Roza Tuletaeva, wogwirizira yemwe akukhala m'ndende zaka zisanu, adachita nawo gululi, sichoncho?
TM. Inde, Roza anali m'modzi mwa "okambirana" awa, mtsogoleri wamba. Anthu anamukhulupirira; antchito adatsata chitsogozo chake; anali ndi chikoka pazochitika zonse. Chirichonse chimene aliyense ankaganiza za iye, iwo ankayenera kumvetsera zimene iye ananena, chifukwa iye anali nacho chisonkhezero chimenecho. N’zosakayikitsa kuti n’chifukwa chake anamuikira mlandu n’kumutsekera m’ndende.
GL. Kodi si zachilendo kuona mkazi wochirikiza zinthu akutsogolera m’makampani olamulidwa ndi amuna ngati amenewa?
TM. Ayi, si zachilendo kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan. M'madera ena a Kazakhstan, omenyera ufuluwo amakhala amuna: sizodziwika kwambiri kuwona akazi ali paudindo wotsogola. Koma kumadera akumadzulo, kumene anthu ambiri amachokera ku Junior Zhuz [gulu la Junior Horde, limodzi mwa magulu atatu odziwika bwino a mafuko a anthu a ku Kazakh], ndizofala kwambiri kuona akazi akutsogolera. Anthu kumeneko amakhala omenyana, okonda ufulu, ozindikira ufulu wawo ... Ndipo udindo wa amayi m’madera amenewa ndi waukulu kwambiri.
Azimayi omwe ali kumalo opangira mafuta adachitapo kanthu momveka bwino panthawi yomwe ankanyanyala ufulu wawo. Pamene amuna awo, ana awo aamuna ndi abale awo anali kumenyedwa ndi kumangidwa, akaziwo anapita ku misonkhano ndi zionetsero. Iwo anakonza zionetsero, makamaka pamene ankaona kuti anthu a m’derali amangidwa ndi asilikali.
GL. Kodi akazi amene amagwira ntchito m’makampani amafuta, kapena akazi ndi mabwenzi a anthu ogwira ntchito zamafuta?
TM. Onse. Zowonadi, akazi a antchito ndi anzawo adatenga nawo gawo. Koma akazi amene ali ogwira ntchito analinso okangalika. Makampani opangira mafuta ndi okhawo olemba ntchito m'derali. Mabanja onse amagwira ntchito m'makampani amenewo. Anthu amapeza ntchito komwe angathe - komanso kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan, izi zikutanthauza kuti m'makampani amafuta. Midzi ya kumeneko ndi yogwirizana kwambiri: zikachitika chinachake, amamva kuti ali pamodzi ndipo amamenyera ufulu wawo pamodzi.
Tsopano ndizovuta - zovuta m'mikhalidwe yamakono kuti madera ogwirizanawo akhulupirire anthu akunja, kulola akunja kuti alowemo. Ayenera kudalira anthu akunja. Ndiyeno adzayamba kugwirira ntchito limodzi. Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti amayi amatha kuchita izi moyenera. Ogwira ntchito zachikazi ndi omwe angathe kukonzanso mgwirizano pakati pa ogwira ntchito mafuta ndi gulu lonselo, omwe angagwirizane ndi anthu ku Zhanaozen.
GL. Kodi mungafotokoze kusiyana pakati pa mabungwe odziyimira pawokha ndi mabungwe “achikasu” (olimbikitsa boma)?
TM. Pali mabungwe atatu ogwira ntchito ku Kazakhtan. Bungwe la Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Kazakhstan ndi malo akale a [Soviet] trade union. Idapitilira ku Kazakhstan yodziyimira pawokha, osasintha ntchito yake mu ubale wamafakitale pang'ono. Ndiye pali bungwe lathu la Confederation of Free Trade Unions of Kazakhstan, lomwe layambanso kukonzekera kutsatira zionetsero zazaka zaposachedwa. Ndipo pali Confederation of Labor [gulu lina lodziyimira pawokha], ndi magulu ena ang'onoang'ono odziyimira pawokha. Mabungwe odziyimira pawokha akhala akuwukiridwa pafupipafupi ndi Federation of Trade Unions.
Kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan, m'malo opangira mafuta, muli mamembala opitilira 30,000 a mabungwe omwe ali ndi Federation m'mabizinesi 90 osiyanasiyana. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mabungwe odziyimira pawokha, odziyimira okha, adatulukiranso komweko. Koma pansi pa mapangano a malo antchito [ndi makampani amafuta], mabungwe okhawo omwe ali ogwirizana ndi Federation ndi omwe amadziwika.
Pamene gulu la zionetsero la ogwira ntchito pamafuta lidayamba [mu 2011], anthu adayamba kuchita zinthu zosaloledwa. … Pansi pa lamulo, mukumvetsetsa, kupanga ziwonetsero zamtundu uliwonse ku Kazakhstan, muyenera kupeza chilolezo. Ndi chilolezo chimenecho, kunyanyala kapena kuchitapo kanthu ndikovomerezeka. Ngati sitipeza chilolezo, kuchitapo kanthu kumaonedwa kuti ndi kosaloledwa. Kotero ndizovuta kwambiri kupanga chirichonse.
Anthu ogwira ntchito pamafutawo atayamba kusamuka, anachita zimenezi mosaloledwa. The Federation sanatengepo mbali iliyonse. Mtsogoleri wa Federation, [Siyazbek] Mukashev, sanapereke thandizo kwa ogwira ntchito mafuta. Anawadzudzula, kuwatemberera, kuwatcha maina onse pansi pano. Iye adati alibe ufulu wochita kunyanyala ntchito moti amayenera kuyankha paokha. Mwachidule, iye anayima kumbali ya boma. Iye sanayesepo ngakhale kukonza zokambitsirana kapena kupeza mbali za mkanganowo kulankhulana wina ndi mnzake. Anangotenga mbali ya olemba ntchito. Zinali choncho.
Pambuyo [kuphedwa kwa ziwonetsero ku Zhanaozen pa] 16th December [2011], atsogoleri a Federation analibe mawu odzudzula boma kapena asilikali. Anangodzudzula antchitowo. Gawo lomwe Federation idasewera linali loyipa kwambiri. Sizingatchedwe mgwirizano wamalonda, wogwirizana ndi boma motere.
GL. Nanga bwanji za lamulo latsopano la mabungwe ogwira ntchito lomwe lapangidwa?
TM. Lamuloli likufuna kukhala ndi bungwe limodzi lokha la ogwira ntchito ku Kazakhstan. Kukhala ndi migwirizano yambiri yosiyanasiyana monga momwe tikuchitira tsopano kumapangitsa zinthu kukhala zovuta ku boma. Pofuna kudziteteza, boma likufuna kukhala ndi dongosolo limodzi logwirizana, gawo la mphamvu zoyima, dongosolo loyang'anira boma. Monga momwe akukhudzidwira, sipayenera kukhala migwirizano ina iliyonse.
GL. Kodi ndingakufunseninso za zomwe zidachitika pa 16 December 2011? Kodi gulu lonse la ogwira ntchito linachita chiyani?
TM. Anthu anachita mantha kwambiri. Panali mantha - mantha, kuti asilikali atangotsegula kumene anthu. Inde sitinadziwe kwenikweni zomwe zinachitika. [Kazakhstan ili pafupi kukula kwa kumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndipo matauni ambiri aakulu ali pamtunda wa makilomita zikwi zambiri kuchokera kumalo osungiramo mafuta.] Nthawi yomweyo kulankhulana konse kunadulidwa: mafoni a m’manja anasiya kugwira ntchito ku Zhanaozen, ndi intaneti; sanalole atolankhani kulowa; kunalibe zowulutsa kuchokera pamenepo. Pafupifupi nkhani zonse zinali kutifikira kudzera pa mawayilesi a TV aboma. Kotero sitinadziwe kwenikweni zomwe zinali kuchitika. Sitinadziwe kuti ndi anthu angati omwe anaphedwa kapena kuvulala.
GL. Ndipo tsopano, zaka ziwiri kenako?
TM. Tikudziwa kuti magulu achitetezo, makamaka magulu, adatumizidwa kumeneko kuchokera kumadera onse, kuti athetse kunyalanyaku. Koma sitikudziwabe zomwe zinachitika mumzinda womwewo.
GL. Nanga bwanji za chiwerengero cha anthu amene anaphedwa? Kodi chithunzichi chili chomveka bwino?
TM. Zomwe tili nazo ndi zomwe boma lanena. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti panali anthu ambiri ozunzidwa, omwe ambiri anafa.
GL. Lingaliro langa, ndikuyang'ana kunja, ndiloti ufulu wambiri wa atolankhani womwe unalipo mpaka chaka chatha wachotsedwa m'chaka kuyambira kupha anthu.
TM. Ndichoncho. Palibe atolankhani aulere omwe anganene pano. Ndi Republic [Republic], nyuzipepala yodziyimira payokha, yomwe imayesetsa kupitiriza ... koma kulikonse akutseka manyuzipepala. Ndizovuta kwambiri kuti anthu azidzidziwitsa okha zomwe zikuchitika.
Pali kulumikizana kwachindunji pakati pa zomwe zidachitika ndi atolankhani ndi zomwe zidachitika ku Zhanaozen. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri antchitowo anali pa sitalaka. Palibe aliyense m'boma yemwe anali wokonzeka kuchita nawo zokambirana zilizonse. Palibe m'boma amene anapita kumeneko, palibe amene anali ndi chidwi chofuna kuthetsa vutoli. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, atolankhani otsutsa amalemba zomwe zikuchitika, zomwe omenyerawo akufuna, kukumbutsa anthu za kusamvana komweko. Ndipo ndithudi boma linkafuna kupeza wina womuimba mlandu [ndipo atolankhani otsutsa anali chandamale chabwino]. Ndiye pambuyo pa kulimbana kwa ogwira ntchitowo panali chipwirikiti kwa andale omwe adawathandiza, komanso panyuzipepala.
GL. Pa Disembala 10, lomwe ndi tsiku lobadwa la Roza Tuletaeva, komanso Tsiku la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe Padziko Lonse, mabungwe odziyimira pawokha adzakhala akuyambitsa kampeni yofuna kuti amasulidwe, komanso kumasulidwa kwa omenyera ufulu wa Zhanaozen omwe adamangidwa. Ndipo pa 16 Disembala tsiku lathu lochita zionetsero lapadziko lonse lapansi lidzakopa chidwi pa milanduyi. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zithandiza omenyera ufulu ku Kazakhstan.
? Choyambirira cha nkhaniyi ndi Pano. Nkhani yotalikirapo yosanthula sitiraka ya 2011 ndi Pano.
? Tsatanetsatane wa zionetsero za Lolemba 16 December, ndi zina, Pano. Lowani gulu lotseguka la facebook pano.
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