PEZANI: Ndinakonzanso ndime yachiwiri kuti ikhale yabwino kwa Bachelet yemwe udindo wake pa chilango cha US wakhala bwino (posachedwa pa Seputembara 25) - ngakhale kuchokera ku a zoopsa poyambira).
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Pa Seputembala 15, ofufuza a UN adasindikiza a Tsamba la 411 lipoti za mkhalidwe waufulu wa anthu ku Venezuela. Sanapatsidwe mwayi wopita ku Venezuela koma adafunsa mazana ambiri otsutsa boma la Maduro. Nduna Yowona Zakunja ku Venezuela Arreaza kumenyedwa lipoti la kuchitidwa "kutali". Izi zidachitika mosiyana ndi ofesi ya Michele Bachelet, Mkulu wa UN wa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe wa Anthu, monga momwe Mision Verdad adafotokozera ovuta za lipoti.
Kumbukirani kuti Bachelet, ngakhale ali anati kuti zilango ziyenera "kuchepetsedwa kapena kuyimitsidwa" panthawi ya mliri, watero Inalephera kuwafunsa kuti zonse zikhale kosatha adakwezedwa. [1] Kuyambira 2017 (pamene Trump adawakulitsa kwambiri) zilango zayambitsa makumi masauzande a imfa. Adawakulitsa kuyambira 2017. Mu 2019, US idaletsa kutumizidwa kwamafuta ku Venezuela, kenako idakhazikitsa kuletsa zochita zonse ndi boma la Maduro. Idayang'ananso malonda aku Venezuela ndi mayiko ena. Chaka chino adafuna poyera kuletsa mafuta aku Iran kupita ku Venezuela - makamaka posachedwa adagwira mafuta otumizidwa.
Koma zikuwoneka kuti US ikufuna malipoti a UN omwe amathandizira kwathunthu zankhanza zake.
Mosafunikira kunena, ntchito ya Alfred De Zayas, mtolankhani wapadera wa UN yemwe adayendera Venezuela, yanyalanyazidwa. Anafika kunyumba maganizo olakwika ponena za zida zofalitsa zofalitsa zakumadzulo. Mu 2018, iye anati Dziko la Venezuela liyenera kupita ku Boma la US ku Khothi Lalikulu Ladziko Lonse chifukwa chakuwononga chuma cha Venezuela. Aliyense wakhalidwe labwino komanso wodziwa ayenera kunena izi.
Kuthekera kochititsa kuti boma lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse likhale ndi mlandu ndi nkhani ina. Mwezi uno US kuvomerezedwa woimira milandu wa International Criminal Court ndi womuthandizira pobwezera pakufufuza za milandu yankhondo yomwe US ichita ku Afghanistan. Mkati mwa Ufumu, monganso muulamuliro uliwonse wankhanza, muli malamulo amphamvu ndi enanso a aliyense.
Kuchulukitsa chiwopsezo cha US kwa anthu aku Venezuela
Lipoti laposachedwa la UN likufuna kupereka chivundikiro cha ufulu wachibadwidwe - komanso kusokonezedwa ndi - milandu yaku US yolimbana ndi Venezuela. M'malo mwake, pa Seputembara 23, a Juan Guaidó, omwe US ndi ogwirizana nawo adalengeza Purezidenti wa Venezuela mu 2019, adapempha UN kuti achitepo kanthu. "evaluate" kugwiritsa ntchito "Udindo Woteteza” chiphunzitso chokondedwa ndi olamulira a dziko la ufulu. Ndiko kuyitanira kobisika kwachilendo kwa dziko lake.
Zilango zazachuma zaku US ku Venezuela zidanenedwapo kangapo mu lipoti la UN, koma zotsatira zake zachifundo sizinayankhidwe. Nthawi ina [mfundo 138] ofufuzawo adawabweretsa kuti atsutsane ndi ufulu wa Maduro wofuna kuyitanitsa malamulo azadzidzidzi: "mayiko azachuma adalengezedwa kuyambira Januware 2016, kupitilira chaka chimodzi United States isanapereke chigamulo choyamba chazachuma ku Venezuela".
Uko ndi kusakhulupirika kwathunthu. Obama adapereka zilango zowononga zachuma pa boma la Venezuela mu 2015 mwalamulo kulengeza kuti Venezuela idayambitsa "chiwopsezo chodabwitsa" ku chitetezo cha dziko la US. Trump wagwiritsanso ntchito njira yomweyo kukulitsa zilango mu nthawi ya Obama. Chonamiziracho ndi kutembenuza chowonadi mopanda pake.
Pamene US, amene ali anathamangitsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ya anthu kudzera mu nkhondo zake zankhanza kuyambira 2001, akuti boma lililonse ndi "chiwopsezo chachilendo", ndi boma lomwe likukhudzidwa ndi anthu wamba omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, chiwopsezo cha US ku Venezuela chinayamba mu 2002, pomwe chigawenga chothandizidwa ndi US chinachotsa mwachidule boma la Hugo Chavez ndikukhazikitsa ulamuliro wankhanza pansi pa wabizinesi wotchedwa Pedro Carnoma. Aka kanali koyamba mwa zoyesayesa zisanu ndi chimodzi zazikulu zothandizidwa ndi US zofuna kulanda boma la Venezuela. Zinazo zidachitika Disembala 2002 - February 2003, Epulo 2013, February-Epulo, 2014, Epulo-Julayi, 2017, komanso kuyesayesa kwapano, kwanthawi yayitali, kwa US kukhazikitsa Guaidó kuyambira Januware 2019.
Kukula kwa lipotilo kunali kocheperako "kufufuza za kupha anthu mopanda chilungamo, kukakamiza anthu kuti azisowa, kutsekeredwa m'ndende mopanda chilungamo ndi kuzunzidwa ndi zina zankhanza, zankhanza kapena zonyozetsa" ku Venezuela kuyambira 2014 [mfundo 1 ya lipoti]. Koma kuti agwirizane pakuwukira boma la Maduro - kutsimikizira zotsutsana za lipotilo, zonena zake za oweruza, ndikuwonetsa Leopoldo Lopez ngati wozunzidwa ndi kuzunzidwa - lipotilo linakakamizika kutchula zomwe zidachitika pa Chavista yonse. nthawi (kuyambira Hugo Chavez adayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1999). [2]
Pochita izi, ofufuzawo adawonetsa kuti anali osakhulupirika kotheratu ndi zinthu "zotseguka" zomwe amati "adazigwiritsa ntchito mokwanira" mu lipotilo [mfundo 10]. Kupotoza kwawo kumalepheretsa lipotili chifukwa zimadalira kwambiri umboni wachinsinsi ndi magwero [monga Mfundo 9 ndi 14 zikufotokozera]. Ngati ofufuza akunama ponena za mbiri yakale yomwe ingathe kufufuzidwa mosavuta, palibe amene ayenera kuikhulupirira kuti iwunika zachinsinsi.
Mabodza odabwitsa osiyidwa
Taganizirani zomwe lipotilo linakambitsira mtsogoleri wotsutsa Leopoldo Lopez yemwe dzina lake limapezeka maulendo 71 mu lipotilo. Mfundo 374 mpaka 406 zimangolunjika pa iye ndipo zimayamba motere:
Leopoldo Eduardo López Mendoza ndi wazachuma waku Venezuela komanso ndale. Mu 2000, adayambitsa chipani cha ndale Primero Justicia ndi Henrique Capriles ndi Julio Borges. Adasankhidwa kukhala meya wa manispala wa Chacao ku Caracas mu Julayi 2000. Ndi National Coordinator wa chipani china cha ndale, Voluntad Popular, chomwe adachiyambitsa mu 2009.
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Iye wakhala akuimbidwa milandu yosiyana 23 kuyambira 2001, 20 yomwe inatsekedwa ndi Ofesi ya Public Prosecutor asanafike pabwalo lamilandu.844 Iye wakhalanso akutsatiridwa ndi zigamulo zoyang'anira, kuphatikizapo kuletsedwa kugwira ntchito ya boma kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2014. pa milandu yochitira anzawo anzawo ndiponso kuwononga ndalama molakwika, zimene Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku America linagamula mogwirizana pa 1 September 2011 kuti n’zosemphana ndi nkhani zambiri za m’Pangano la Mayiko a ku America Loona za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe.845 Chigamulochi chinali chisanatsatidwe. ndi Venezuela panthawi yolemba.
Lopez (pamodzi ndi Henrique Capriles) adatsogolera "kumangidwa" wa nduna ya boma la Chavez (Ramón Rodríguez Chacín) pomwe ulamuliro wankhanza wa Carmona udalamulira kwakanthawi mu Epulo 2002. Lopez adauza zofalitsa zam'deralo kuti kumangidwa kunali "chabwino" (mtumiki adamenyedwa pamene adakokedwa pakati pa gulu la anthu) komanso kuti "Purezidenti Carmona" "wasinthidwa". Lopez adawonekeranso pa a pulogalamu yolankhulirana kwanuko momwe ena awiri omwe adachita zigawenga adadzitamandira za gawo lawo pankhaniyi ndipo adathokoza atolankhani achinsinsi chifukwa chothandizira kuchotsa Chavez. Pofika chaka cha 2014, Lopez anali asanalowe m'ndende chifukwa cha izi - monga momwe mfundo 374 ndi 375 za lipotilo zikuwonekera pobisa mfundo zonse zofunika kwambirizi.
Lopez (pamwambapa), April 2002, kunja kwa nyumba ya Chavista Minsiter (Ramón Rodríguez Chacín) akutsogolera kumangidwa kwake m'malo mwa ulamuliro wankhanza wa Carmona.
Lopez (pamwambapa) pa TV yapafupi, April 2002, akudzitamandira kutsogolera "kumangidwa" kwa Mtumiki wa Chavista. Anganene kuti "Purezidenti Carmona" wasinthidwa
Zithunzi pamwambapa za Lopez akutsogolera "kumangidwa" kwa nduna panthawi ya chiwembu cha 2002, ndikulankhula ndi atolankhani za izo kuchokera ku YOUTUBE.
Boma la US, malinga ndi kufufuza kwake komwe, adavomereza kuti adapereka "maphunziro, kumanga mabungwe, ndi chithandizo china" kwa anthu omwe adachita nawo chipwirikiti (komanso moseketsa anatsutsa kuti sizinali zazikulu). IMF yolamulidwa ndi US nthawi yomweyo anapita patsogolo kupereka ngongole zankhanza za Carmona. Ndipo boma la Bush lidanena zabodza za Carmona pazachiwembuchi monga adachitira New York Times Editorial Board. Mu chitsanzo chosowa chowona mtima kuchokera ku wetsern media, mkonzi wakale wa Washington Post wakunja anafotokoza mwachidule (mu izi kanema) kuti dziko la United States "linali lokhudzidwa ndi kulanda".
Chigamulo cha 2002 chinatsatira njira yomwe Lopez ndi atsogoleri ena otsutsa adzagwiritsanso ntchito mu 2013, 2014 ndi 2017. Choyamba, kunena kuti "zionetsero zamtendere" zinali kuponderezedwa mwankhanza. Chachiwiri, thandizirani thandizo la US (ndi atolankhani akumadzulo ndi chithandizo chachikulu cha NGO chomwe chimabwera ndi izi) kulimbikitsa kupanduka m'boma, makamaka achitetezo. (Kuyesa kwaposachedwa, monga "kunyanyala kwamafuta" kwa 2002/3, ndikosiyana pang'ono chifukwa kumadalira kwambiri kuwonongeka kwachuma.)
The Kugonjetsa kwa April 2002 zomwe Lopez adachita nawo monyadira zidapangitsa kuti anthu 79 aphedwe mwankhanza: 68 Othandizira boma la Chavez (chavistas), otsutsa 7, 5 oyimilira. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe anamwalira (pafupifupi 60) anachitika pamene ulamuliro wankhanza wa Carmona unali kulamulira. Lipotilo silinanene chilichonse chokhudza kulanda boma kwa 2002.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, lipotilo linanyalanyaza kuti kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi awiri boma la Venezuela lakhala likukumana ndi utsogoleri wotsutsa woukira boma womwe umathandizidwa ndi mphamvu zazikulu. Kutsutsa kulikonse kapena kutsutsa zomwe boma la Venezuela likuchita zomwe zimanyalanyaza udindo wawo woteteza ulamuliro wa Venezuela ndi kukhulupirika kwawo (onani Nkhani 1 of the Constitution) ndi kusakhulupirika kotheratu. [3]
Mu December 2007, Lopez ndi atsogoleri ena otsutsa adapindula ndi zosiyana ulemu Chavez adapereka kwa iwo omwe adachita nawo kale zoyesayesa ziwiri zowononga kuti amugwetse (ndi chithandizo chonse cha US).
Mu April 2013, kachiwiri ndi chithandizo chonse cha US, Henrique Capriles anakana kuvomereza zotsatira za chisankho choyamba chopambana ndi Maduro. Ziwonetsero zomwe Capriles adafuna kuti zichitike zidapangitsa kuti otsatira 8 a Maduro aphedwe. Patatha miyezi ingapo, pa December 8 wa 2013, Lopez adanena kuyankhulana kuti Capriles akanakhala "purezidenti pompano" akadasunga omutsatira m'misewu "monga ambiri aife adamulangiza kuti achite". Monga mu 2002, njira ya Lopez mwachiwonekere inali yoti apitirize kuyitanitsa ziwonetsero, kukana udindo wakupha wochitidwa ndi gulu lake, ndikukhala okonzeka kulandira zigawenga zilizonse zankhondo.
Pokhala osayankhula za zoyeserera zitatu zoyambilira zothandizidwa ndi US Lopez anali nawo, lipoti la UN linanena izi ponena za kutenga nawo gawo kwa Lopez pachinayi:
Leopoldo López adalimbikitsa ziwonetsero zazikulu zotsutsana ndi Boma zomwe zidachitika pa 12 February 2014 ku Caracas ndipo adalumikizana nawo poyera. Analankhula kumayambiriro kwa mwambowu ku Caracas, akudzudzula Boma chifukwa cha katangale komanso kugwirizana kwa anthu ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso kuyitanitsa kuti anthu asachite zachiwawa. momwemonso.
Palibe amene ali wowona mtima komanso wodziwa bwino mbiri ya Lopez yemwe angayerekeze kuti sanali kutsogolera kuyesa kwina. Lopez "kuyitanitsa ziwawa" sizodalirika kuposa Pedro Carmona kunena kuti utsogoleri wake wankhanza kwenikweni ndikubwezeretsa demokalase.
Gawo la Lopez limapanga zambiri zomwe woimira milandu wakale, a Franklin Nieves, ndi Attorney General Luisa Ortega Díaz, akunena tsopano za mlandu wa Lopez. Onse anathawa ku Venezuela. Ortega adachoka kulemba ntchito loya mu 2015 kuti amenyane US zilango zomutsutsa m'khothi, kuti agwirizane kwathunthu ndi zoyesayesa za US kulanda Maduro. Mu 2018, iye adanena iye akhoza kuthamangira pulezidenti tsiku lina. Cholinga chachikulu cha zilango ndi ziwopsezo zaku US ndikutulutsa mitundu yamtunduwu yodzifunira okha.
Izi zati, mlandu wa omwe akutsutsa Lopez udayikidwa pamodzi m'njira yodabwitsa kwambiri yomwe ingafotokozere "kukamizidwa" kwa omwe akutsutsa kuti achite bwino. Kodi panali kusakhoza mwadala? Mu changu chawo chofuna kulowa m'mabuku abwino a boma la US, zomwe Ortega ndi Nieves adanena tsopano zikusonyeza kuti panali. Ndi zomwe othandizira boma nanena kwa zaka zingapo za ozenga milandu aboma ngati mazana omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe (ochirikiza boma!) aphedwa popanda chilango. Kusachita mwadala ndi kulefuka (ie katangale) kwa ozenga milandu mwina adathandiziranso kutsimikizira Chavez kuti chikanakhala chanzeru kupereka chikhululukiro kwa anthu ngati Lopez mu 2007.
Lipoti la UN linamalizanso, kutengera zomwe achibale a Lopez adanena, kuti chithandizo chake m'ndende "chikhoza kukhala kuzunzidwa ndi nkhanza, kuchitiridwa nkhanza kapena kunyozetsa kapena chilango" [mfundo 406].
Mu Meyi wa 2017, poyankha mphekesera zomwe zidafalitsidwa ndi Marco Rubio ndi ena kuti Lopez adagonekedwa m'chipatala, a. kanema adatulutsidwa kuchokera kundende komwe Lopez adamangidwa. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ena mwa omwe amamutsatira adzitamandira chifukwa cha thupi la Lopez, komanso kwa mkazi wake kunena kuti kanemayo "adasinthidwa".
Patatha mwezi umodzi, Lopez (akuwoneka bwino monga momwe adachitira mwezi wapitawo) adatulutsa kanema wina kuchokera kundende kulimbikitsa ziwonetsero zina zotsutsana ndi boma la "opondereza" la Maduro. Patapita milungu ingapo, Lopez anali anasamukira ku kumangidwa panyumba potengera "nkhani zaumoyo". Posakhalitsa, Lopez adapanga kanema ina kulimbikitsa asilikali kuti asakwanitse udindo wawo woteteza malo oponya voti pa nthawi ya chisankho cha Constitutional Assembly. Lipoti la UN [mfundo 396] likufotokoza kuti Lopez adathawa m'ndende pa Epulo 30, 2019 kuti athe Imani pafupi ndi Guaidó kunja kwa malo ankhondo kwa maola angapo akunena kuti zigawenga zayandikira - ndipo mosakayikira akukhulupirira kuti posachedwa adzasonkhanitsa a Chavistas monga anachitira mu April 2002. Koma sizinali zotheka. Khamali linali losatsutsika patangotha maola ochepa, ndipo adafika Lopez ku Embassy ya ku Spain komwe akukhala koma popanda kukhala ndi chitetezo.
Titha kufananiza zovuta za Lopez ndi Julian Assange, yemwe (mosiyana ndi Lopez) mosakayikira adazunzidwa chifukwa chogwirizana ndi a US ndi ogwirizana ochepa omwe amangoganiza zongophunzitsa, komanso amalanga onse aku Venezuela ponena za "ufulu waumunthu".
Chithunzi ndi mutu wapamwamba zatengedwa kuchokera BBC
Assange sanachite nawo zigawenga zothandizidwa ndi mayiko akunja motsutsana ndi US, yomwe si boma lake koma imadzinenera kuti ili ndi ufulu womulanga. Assange amangochita nawo utolankhani womwe Ufumu sunawakonde.
Monga tanenera kale, Mafumu amafuna kuti pakhale malamulo apadera (ngati alipo) agwire ntchito kwa iwo eni ndi otsatira awo. Titha kuwerengera mosamala ofufuza a UN awa, komanso Lopez, pakati pa othandizira ake.
ZINDIKIRANI:
[1] Kumbukirani kuti "zilango zomwe Obama adapereka" zidawononga chuma chonse - ndikutsegula chitseko cha zilango zoyipa kwambiri. Chofunikira chikhale chakuti zilango zonse zichotsedwe kwamuyaya (mwachitsanzo, kuletsa lamulo loti dziko la Venezuela ndi "chiwopsezo chachilendo") ndikuti akuluakulu aku US aimbidwe mlandu pazomwe adawononga - monga anenera Alfred De Zayas.
[2] Kupatula gawo la mlandu wa Lopez, mfundo za 115 - 165 zimapereka madandaulo angapo otsutsa otsutsana ndi nthawi ya Chavista isanafike 2014. Mfundo 115 imati kugawikana kwa mphamvu "kwawonongeka pang'onopang'ono kuyambira pamene Constitution ya [1999] yakhazikitsidwa" . Point 149 imatsutsa malamulo omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 2000 ndi 2004 omwe adakhudza oweruza. Mfundo 156 ikufuna kuti mayeso opikisana oweruza ".sanapangidwe kwa zaka zoposa 16". Nkhani ya judge Afiuni, yomwe inamangidwa mu 2009, idatchulidwa kangapo.
[3] Ndikunena pano za madandaulo osiyanasiyana omwe lipoti limapereka okhudza zochita zomwe zimalepheretsa akuluakulu a bungwe lotsutsa boma kuti achitepo kanthu kapena kusokoneza "ufulu woweruza milandu". Boma la Venezuela silikukana kuti magulu achitetezo achita ziwawa zazikulu. Kukambitsirana kwa mutuwo kudzatsatira Gawo 2.
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