Kwa zaka zambiri takhala tikukumana ndi vuto lalikulu kwa alimi aku US, ndipo kasamalidwe kazakudya kawonetsa pang'ono zavutoli kapena mayankho ofunikira, ngakhale amvetsetsedwa bwino, onse amalumikizana ndi zikhalidwe zazikulu za kayendetsedwe kazakudya ndi zolinga. Uku ndikulephera kochititsa manyazi kwa atsogoleri a kayendetsedwe ka chakudya.
1. Nthano zotsutsana ndi thandizo la subsidy. Chifukwa chakuti kagulu kazakudya nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsa zenizeni komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe alimi amapeza, komanso ndale zake, amapewanso kulimbikitsa zomwe alimi athu ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono amafunikira pabilu yaulimi.
M'malo mwake, ndalama zothandizira pafamu SIZImayambitsa mitengo yotsika mtengo yomwe ili yovuta kwambiri, yomwe yawonetsedwa kwambiri m'mabuku azakudya, mafilimu, mabulogu, makanema achidule, ndi ma TV onse. Choyambitsa chake ndi kusowa kwa mitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi kasamalidwe ka katundu mu bilu ya famu, osati kukhalapo kwa chithandizo, monga umboni wotsimikizirika ukuwonetseratu.
Mwa ndale, alimi, (gulu la chilungamo pafamu yabanja), lalimbana ndi mavutowa kwa zaka zambiri. Gulu latsopano lazakudya lafika, zomwe ndizabwino, kupatula kuti amalimbikitsa kusintha kwa subsidy, zomwe ndi mfundo zotsika mtengo, ndendende zomwe odyera mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikiza omwe ali ndi mkaka, akufuna. Pamwamba pa izo, iwo akhulupirira kuti apamwamba 10% a maphikidwe othandizira mafamu ndi "bizinesi yayikulu yaulimi," pomwe ali alimi abanja. Amathandizidwanso kukhulupirira kuti maphikidwe a subsidy amapindula kwambiri, ndi bilu yafamu. Zikhulupiriro zonsezi ndi zolakwika. Ambiri omwe amalandila ndalama zothandizira 10% ndi alimi a mabanja kapena ofanana kukula ndi kapangidwe ka minda ya mabanja, pomwe otsika 80% ndi ofanana ndi minda yomwe ndi 7% yokha yanthawi zonse, 7% ya kukula kwaling'ono. Famu ya chimanga ya banja lanthawi / soya ya maekala 200. Kuonjezera apo, bilu yapafamuyi yatenga kuwirikiza kasanu kwa alimi a mbewu zapakhomo monga momwe yabwezera.
2. Nthano zotsutsana ndi alimi. Anna Lappe akupereka chithunzithunzi chosangalatsa cha chikhalidwe chakuyenda m'buku lake, Diet for a Hot Planet. Iye anagwira mawu a Sara Scherr pofotokoza mmene โanthu ambiri olimbikitsa za chilengedwe โฆ anganene za alimi ngati โziwopsezo,โโ osati ogwirizana nawo. dyetsa dzikoโ mkangano pazaulimi. Ngakhale Lappe akusonyeza kuti vutoli lathetsedwa, ndikukayikira kuti kukonderaku kukupitirirabe kwambiri masiku ano, popeza zikuchirikizidwa kwambiri ndi nthano ya sabuside ya famu, kuphatikizapo nthano yoti alimi ndi omwe adabwera ndi lingaliro la subsidy, ndi kuti alimi. amene amalima mbewu monga chimanga, amapindula kwambiri ndi bilu yaulimi.
3. Nthano zotsutsana ndi mafuta. Pali kunenepa kwambiri kwamafuta, kuphatikiza mafuta okhuta, m'dera lathu, ndipo kayendetsedwe kazakudya kakafika pagulu la izi. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo bungwe la agribusiness transfat complex, mwina mothandizidwa ndi odyetsera zamasamba, lidapangitsa boma kuti liwononge mafuta okhuta, monga timapeza mu nyama ndi mkaka, ndipo zidakhazikika. Ndikukumbukira izi zitachitika, chifukwa mnyamata wonenepa m'kalasi mwanga adayamba kutchedwa "Satch," yomwe atsikana ena adapanga, kutengera malonda atsopano a margarine. Ndikukumbukira bwino lomwe nkhope yake! Iye sanafune kutchedwa "Satch!" Tsoka ilo, ndizo zomwe zidapambana tsikulo m'bwalo lazakudya (kuchokera ku Komiti ya McGovern,) komanso chifukwa cha nkhawa zawo zonse pazakudya, kayendetsedwe kazakudya sikunapambane kampeni yamakampaniyi.
Katswiri wina wa kadyedwe kameneka anandiuza kuti zinatenga zaka 20 kuti zipatala za ku Cedar Rapids zileke kuvomereza margarine, (mโmalo mwa batala,) kwa odwala mtima wawo! Umboni, womwe wakhala ukupezeka nthawi yonseyi, sunawerengedwe. Mafuta odzaza ndi ofunikira pazakudya pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Zifukwa izi, zomwe tingaphunzire kuchokera ku Weston A. Price Foundation, zimayang'anizana ndi chotchinga chachinyengo chachikulu chabodza, ponse pamalonda olipidwa, m'ma TV ambiri, komanso pakati pa opita patsogolo. Hei, mukuganiza kuti chifukwa chiyani adabwera ndi thonje lapinki? Kuchepetsa mafuta, kuwonjezera mtengo womwe umaganiziridwa.
4. Zotsutsana ndi ziweto, zotsutsana ndi nyama. Kuukira kwa mafakitale a zinyama nthawi zambiri kwafalikira, monga ngati nyanja yachimbudzi yomwe yathyoledwa, ikuchita kukondera pa ntchito za ziweto zosiyanasiyana. Zoyipazi, monga matope a pinki, zadetsa alimi onse a ziweto, nyama yonse. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Weston A. Price anapeza kuti nyama inalipo mโzakudya zilizonse zopatsa thanzi zimene anapeza, padziko lonse lapansi. Price adapeza kuti zakudya zamakono zamakampani zimapundula nkhope za anthu ndikusiya zotsatira zoyipa zamano. Bungwe la Weston A. Price Foundation lasonkhanitsa umboni wochuluka wa sayansi mokomera kuphatikiza nyama yokwanira muzakudya zathu.
5. Nthano za ziweto ndi kukhalitsa. Ziweto ndizofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa mbewu zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe komanso njira zina zokhazikika. Mwina chinthu champhamvu kwambiri pakusintha kumeneku ndi mbewu za nyemba monga nyemba ndi clover. Pazachuma, ndi chakudya cha ziweto, pomwe amaperekanso kwaulere (kuchokera mlengalenga,) komanso nayitrogeni wotetezeka kwambiri pazachilengedwe ku mbewu zotsatila. Ziweto zimakololanso mbewu ndikufalitsa feteleza pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi. Mu njira ina (monga ma CAFO,) mlimi amalima, kubzala, kulima kapena kupopera mbewu, kukolola, kusunga, ndi kudyetsa mbewu, ndiyeno amasunga, kunyamula ndi kunyamula feteleza wobwera kumunda kuti afalitse, onse pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakale. mafuta ndi makina opangidwa ndi magetsi. Ziweto ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti alimi azitha kupeza bwino pachuma. Sindinawonepo kafukufuku wodzudzula nyama chifukwa cha mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe umatengera njira zaulimi zomwe zafala.
6. Nthano za ziweto ndi njala. Anthu okonda zamasamba amakonda kunena kuti kuchotsa ziweto kungathandize kuti dziko lonse lapansi lidye, popeza kuti padzakhala malo ochuluka opangirako chakudya motere. Amanyalanyaza kunena kuti njala imabwera makamaka chifukwa cha umphawi, kuchulukana, osati kuchepa. Anthu 70 pa 80 aliwonse a Mayiko Osatukuka Kwambiri ndi akumidzi, monganso XNUMX peresenti ya โosadya mokwanira.โ Awa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi njala chifukwa ndi osauka, komanso osauka (pamlingo wokulirapo,) chifukwa cha mitengo yotsika yaulimi, yomwe imakhala yotsika chifukwa cha kuchulukana. Mitengo yokwera m'mafamu yakhala vuto posachedwa chifukwa cha zaka makumi angapo zam'mbuyo zamitengo yotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale umphawi wadzaoneni. Mitengo yotsika idayambitsa vuto pomwe mitengo yokwera kapena yotsika imapweteka, (munthawi yochepa).
Ziweto zimapanga 40% ya ndalama zomwe amapeza kuchokera ku ulimi, ndipo izi ndi zoona makamaka m'madera osauka. Kuchotsa mtengo wa zoweta kuli ngati kuchepetsa ndalama zokwana madola 10 patsiku kufika pa $6, (kapena $1 mpaka 60ยข). Kupititsa patsogolo kuchulukitsitsa kwazinthu zaulimi ndikuchepetsa ndalamazo mochulukira.
7. Nthano zakale zokhudza ulimi. Nthano yaikulu yokhudza mbiri yaulimi ndi yakuti ulimi woyambirira (mafamu a banja m'midzi,) adayambitsa mavuto a ulimi wotukuka, womwe umaphatikizapo maofesi amphamvu omwe amatsindika mbewu. Komabe, izi zinali mitundu yosiyana kwambiri ya zikhalidwe, yokhala ndi milungu yosiyana kwambiri, komanso mikhalidwe yosiyana kwambiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti zitukuko zonse zinakula kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa ulimi woyambirira, ulimi wochuluka woyambirira, umene unafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, sunasinthe kukhala mtundu umenewo wa kupembedza mafano kotukuka. Zogwirizana ndi izi ndi nthano zonena kuti ulimi woyambirira udali woyipa kwa chilengedwe, komanso kuti chakudya sichinali chokwanira. Ngakhale pali zosiyana kwambiri, monga luso locheka ndi kuwotcha, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwabwera makamaka kuchokera ku ulimi wamakono, osati ulimi wa mabanja / kumidzi. Ponena za zakudya, onani nkhani yanga ya nthano yomwe ili pamwambapa.
8. Nthano zazachuma ndi ndale. F. Nโchifukwa chiyani alimi amalima chimanga chochuluka chonchi? A. Pazifukwa zachuma kenako pazifukwa za ndale. Sanathe kusintha zifukwa zandale muzochita zawo zaka 40 (zakudya zisanachitike,) chifukwa analibe chithandizo chokwanira cha ogula. Gulu latsopano lazakudya masiku ano makamaka silinagwirizane nawo pankhani zazikulu zakusalungama pazachuma ndi ndale.
Q. Chifukwa chiyani sangasinthe ku zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba? A. Pazachuma, ngati ambiri akanatero, zikanawononga alimi a zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba
. Mwa ndale, ndalama zaulimi zimateteza bwino tsokali. Alimi ali okhazikika m'zinthu zachuma, ndipo ayenera kulemekeza zenizenizo kuti apulumuke.
Ndi alimi ochepa okha omwe amagulitsa m'misika ya alimi ku Cedar Rapids Iowa, mzinda wa anthu 100,000 kuphatikiza. Ngati enanso ochepa, (kapena kuchulukitsa katatu kuchuluka kwake,) atabwera pamsika, mwina sipangakhale makasitomala okwanira kuti azizungulira. Pali malingaliro ambiri azakudya akumalo omwe akuyandama, koma ambiri aiwo sakhala opindulitsa pazachuma kwa alimi ambiri, (monga omwe amakhala kutali ndi mizinda, Kumadzulo, Kumwera, Midwest, ndi zina). Osati posachedwa.
Ganizirani za ubwino wa mkaka watsopano ("waiwisi" kapena wosaphika kapena "wakufa"), ndi chitsanzo cha Mark McAfee ku mkaka wa Organic Pastures ku California. Chidziwitso ndi zofunikira zitha kukhalapo kwinakwake m'malo ena, koma malamulo aboma salipo momveka bwino. Alimi sangathe kukwaniritsa mulingo uwu, ndipo pamapeto pake zimapweteketsa alimi ambiri, makamaka kuphatikiza ndi nthano zina. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi dongosolo labwino, lingaliro labwino, koma silithandiza kuthana ndi chisalungamo chafamu yamkaka masiku ano, nkhani yovuta kwambiri yabilu yaulimi.
Mapeto. Pali nkhani zambiri muzakudya zokhuza chilungamo. Kumbali ina, monga ndimanenera, vuto lalikulu kwambiri la chilungamo chaulimi ku US masiku ano ndi vuto la mkaka, pomwe alimi ang'onoang'ono akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ndi bizinesi yaulimi. njira zonse n'zosavuta: kupanga agribusiness kulipira malonda chilungamo, moyo malipiro mitengo, motero kuthetsa kufunika kwa sabuside iliyonse mkaka.
Mfundo yabwino kwambiri yochitira izi ndi SB 1640, bilu ya mkaka ya National Family Farm Coalition, "Federal Milk Marketing Improvement Act ya 2011." Tsoka ilo, m'malo molipira bizinesi yaulimi" pochirikiza lamulo lalikulu lachilungamoli, mndandanda wa nthano za kayendetsedwe kazakudya zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa zikuwoneka kuti zalepheretsa kasamalidwe kazakudya kuchitapo kanthu pazakudya za mkaka pankhaniyi.
Nthanozi zikuwonekanso kuti zalepheretsa kayendetsedwe kazakudya kuchita zambiri pazambiri zazikulu, ($ 4 thililiyoni,) za Commodity Title ya bilu ya pafamu, kusowa kwamitengo yosagwirizana ndi ndalama komanso kasamalidwe kazinthu. Kulankhula ndikotsika mtengo. Yakwana nthawi yoti bungwe latsopano la Food Movement likhazikike ndikulimbikitsa, ndi alimi a mkaka, molunjika motsutsana ndi bizinesi yaulimi, kuti apereke bilu yabwino pafamu. Yakwana nthawi yoti bungwe lazakudya lizilipira โagribusinessโ osati ndalama zolipirira mafamu.
Kupyolera pa bilu ya mkaka wa NFFC's Food from Family Farms Act, mosiyana ndi malo odziwika a kayendetsedwe kazakudya, imapangitsa bizinesi yaulimi kulipira ndalama zonse. Ndilo lamulo labwino kwambiri pafamu ndi chakudya kunja uko. Imamasula ndalama zambiri pamadimpu azakudya ndi nkhawa zina kuposa malingaliro ena aliwonse. Zimaphatikizanso mitengo yamitengo ndikusungirako zinthu zoteteza ogula ku US komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Ndikofunikira kuti atsogoleri amagulu azakudya atengere nthawi kuti akwaniritse lamuloli, ndikuphunzitsa zowona za izi kwa otsatira awo oyambira. Alimi a mkaka ali pavuto lalikulu. Palibe nthawi yochuluka yoti mupeze yankho lotheka. Izi sizingadikire bilu yotsatira yaulimi.
Ponseponse, ili ndi funso la lingaliro labodza, la "kudziwa" kwambiri kuti "sichoncho." Sikokwanira kungopereka zidziwitso zokhuza zofunikira zomwe ma subsidies amathandizira kubisa. Ziyenera kunenedwa momveka bwino kuti kayendetsedwe kazakudya pafupifupi nthawi zonse samvetsa bwino nkhani zakuya za "Bili Yobisika ya Farm Bill PIe," ndipo pafupifupi nthawi zonse wakhala akulimbikitsa kumbali yolakwika (ie. Mosadziwa kuthandizira bizinesi yaulimi chifukwa imapewa kulipira malonda mwachilungamo, kukhala ndi moyo. mitengo ya malipiro kwa alimi a mkaka ndi alimi ena).
Osatinso kuti ziganizo zomwe zimanena za mitengo yotsika ya mkaka ndi mitengo ina yaulimi, monga momwe timapeza pamndandanda wabwino wa "mabizinesi abizinesi yaulimi," ndizosakwanira kwa omvera omwe amayendetsa chakudya. Ambiri mwa omwe atsekeredwa m'malingaliro abodza adzakhulupirira nthawi yomweyo kuti mitengo yotsika yamafamu imayamba chifukwa cha thandizo, komanso kuti amangolankhula za kusintha kwa subsidy (kuchepetsa, kuchepetsa, kuchotsa, kubzala). Mfundo zotere sizingatsogolere omvera ofunikirawa kulimbikitsa molondola kubweretsanso mitengo yamitengo ndi kasamalidwe kazinthu. Tiyenera kupanga mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono kuti azilipira mtengo wamsika. ndi bilu yabwino yaulimi mogwirizana ndi bilu ya NFFC ya mkaka ndi Chakudya chochokera ku Family Farms Act, sipanayambe pafunika thandizo lililonse la okhometsa msonkho, monga momwe mbiri yochuluka (ndi deta) yasonyezera.
KUWERENGA ZAMBIRI NDI KUONA
Onani mndandanda wanga wa YouTube pa nkhani za Ziweto, YouTube: Brad Wilson: "Chifukwa chiyani Ziweto," https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL7K_XwGI3jVQJL1S52s5SHSDexjkYdHN4.
Onaninso playlist yanga pankhani za mkaka: YouTube: Brad Wilson: "Mavuto a Mkaka," https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9AB172F046C852C2.
Nawu mndandanda wazosewerera pankhani zachuma komanso nthano za subsidy zaulimi, YouTube: Brad Wilson: "Bill Bill & Food Bill," https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA1E706EFA90D1767.
Onani zambiri pazowonetsa zanga pa slideshare, komwe posachedwapa ndikhala ndi ziwonetsero zingapo zokhudzana ndi ziweto, SlideShare: Brad Wilson, http://www.slideshare.net/bradwilson581525/presentations.
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