Pa Novembara 10, 2019, Purezidenti waku Bolivia Evo Morales adagonjetsedwa ndipo adathawa mdzikolo ali moyo. Asilikali "adamuuza" poyera kuti atule pansi udindo wake. Asilikali komanso apolisi ananenanso momveka bwino kuti sangamuteteze kwa anthu amene ankafuna kumupha. Nyumba yake idaphwanyidwa ndi otsutsa otsutsa usiku womwe adathawa.[1] Analandira chitetezo cha ndale ku Mexico ndipo, pambuyo pake, Argentina. M'masiku 11 otsatirawa, achitetezo omwe adakana kuteteza Morales (pulezidenti wosankhidwa mwademokalase) adapha anthu opitilira makumi atatu otsutsa kulanda boma.[2] Akuluakulu makumi atatu a boma la Morales adathawira ku ofesi ya kazembe wa Mexico atagonjetsedwa.[3] Pa Novembara 13, asitikali ankhondo "adalumbirira" mtsogoleri wotsutsa Jeanie Áñez kukhala purezidenti wotsutsa. Mwamsanga, iye anapereka lamulo lopatsa asilikali chitetezo chofuna kupha anthu ochita zionetsero.[4]
Kuukiraku kudayambitsidwa ndi zonena zabodza za oyang'anira zisankho a Organisation of American States (OAS) kuti pakhala "chiwopsezo chachikulu," "chosamvetsetseka" komanso "chovuta kulongosola" chiwongolero cha Evo Morales pa otsutsa ake mu 16% yomaliza. chiwerengero cha mavoti pa nthawi yoyamba ya chisankho cha pulezidenti. Chisankho chinachitika pa Okutobala 20. Kutsogola kwa Morales kudakwera kuchoka pa maperesenti asanu ndi atatu kufika pa khumi. Analandira 47% ya mavoti otchuka omwe anali ogwirizana ndi zomwe mavoti adaneneratu.[5] Chifukwa adalandira mavoti opitilira 40%, komanso adamenya mnzake wapamtima kwambiri ndi mapointi khumi, adapambana utsogoleri mgawo loyamba.[6]
OAS inathamangira zonena zabodza za chisankho tsiku lotsatira chinachitika, ndipo inawabwereza mobwerezabwereza mwezi wotsatira. Bungwe la Washington DC-Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) lidafalitsa nthawi yomweyo zotsutsa zomveka bwino. Boma la Mexico lidavomera kuti a Jake Johnston waku CEPR apereke yankho lake pamsonkhano wokhazikika wa OAS pa Disembala 12, koma OAS idakana kuvomereza.
OAS yawululidwa, Mlembi Wamkulu Luis Almagro akupita mozama
Mu February, OAS anavutika kwambiri pamene Washington Post idatero pa ntchito ya ofufuza odziyimira pawokha omwe adatsimikizira mwaulemu zomwe CEPR yakhala ikunena nthawi yonseyi: Zonena za OAS zokhudzana ndi chisankho ku Bolivia zinali zinyalala. Kenako, pa June 7, a Nyuzipepala ya New York Times inati kuti gulu lina la ofufuza lidafika pamalingaliro omwewo.
Monga CEPR adawona, nkhani ya NYT inali yofewa kwenikweni pa OAS. Zinalola OAS kuti (popanda kutsutsa) asiye kufunika kwa kusanthula kwake kwa ziwerengero zabodza, ndi "kulongosola mopanda malire ku zifukwa zina zolakwa pa chisankho". Mwachiwonekere, kusanthula kwachiwerengero kosakhulupirika kumachepetsa kukhulupirika kwa zonena zina za OAS za chisankho. Chofunika kwambiri, CEPR yatulutsanso zolemba kutsutsa kwakukulu za zonena zina zomwe NYT inazinyalanyaza.
Ngakhale izi zidachitiridwa bwino ndi NYT, Mlembi Wamkulu wa OAS Luis Almagro adalamula mawu odabwitsa modabwitsa pa nyuzipepala. Anatha kuyitanitsa Stalin, Fidel Castro komanso Holocaust.
Kuphulika kwa Almagro kunali koopsa kwambiri kotero kuti kunafika podzudzula Jose Miguel Vivanco wa Human Rights Watch (HRW).[7]
Pamene Vivanco ndi HRW (zomveka) akuyesera kudzipatula kwa Secretary General wa OAS, tisaiwale momwe HRW idathandizira pakuwononga demokalase ya Bolivia.
Pa Novembara 12, HRW idatulutsa atolankhani
Bolivia: Kuyika Patsogolo Ufulu Chifukwa cha Kusiya kwa Morales Bungwe la Mayiko aku America Liyenera Kupitilira Kuchita Udindo Wautsogoleri[8]
Sizinanyalanyaze kuti "kusiya" kwa Morales kudafika pamfuti. Sananyalanyaze kuti Morales adasankhidwa mu 2015 (ndi mavoti opitilira makumi asanu ndi limodzi pa zana) kunthawi yomwe sinathe mpaka pa Januware 22, 2020. Chocheperako chomwe HRW ikadayenera kuchita ndikupempha maboma ena kuti asazindikire utsogoleri wankhanza womwe wakhazikitsidwa, ndikupempha kuti Morales aloledwe kumaliza nthawi yake.
Morales kumaliza nthawi yake kunali kofunikira kuti zisankho zaufulu ndi zachilungamo zichitike. HRW idasankha kunamizira kuti zisankho zaufulu ndi zachilungamo zitha kuchitika pansi paulamuliro wankhanza wochirikizidwa ndi US yemwe adawopseza kuti agwira Morales ngati angabwerere kudziko lake, kuthamangitsa ogwirizana naye ambiri kupita ku ukapolo kapena kundende, ndikukakamiza mwankhanza kuti atolankhani azitsatira chikhalidwe chimodzi.[9] Ngakhale "wolamulira wankhanza" kwa nthawi yayitali wakhala njira yomwe HRW amakonda kutchula Nicolas Maduro, kachiwiri, pamene ulamuliro wankhanza weniweni unakhazikitsidwa ndi thandizo la US, unakana kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikirocho.
Ndipotu, pa May 15, Vivanco kutchulidwa momveka bwino ku ulamuliro wankhanza wokhazikitsidwa ngati "demokalase"
Vivanco sanatchulidwe molakwika kapena kuchotsedwa pamutu, iye mopanda kutsutsa analoza ku zokambirana pa nthawi yake ya Twitter.
Yankho la HRW pazachigawenga linali losavomerezeka ngakhale wina atakhulupirira zomwe OAS imanena za chisankho cha Bolivia. Mfundo yakuti zonenazo zinali zopanda pake nthawi zonse zimapangitsa kuti kuyankha kwa HRW kuipire kwambiri. Tsiku lotsatira chisankho cha Okutobala Jose Miguel Vivanco adapita ku Twitter kunena [mu Spanish] kuti
OAS iyenera kuyitanitsa msonkhano wa Nduna Zakunja nthawi yomweyo ndikugwiritsira ntchito Democratic Charter kwa Evo Morales. Chilichonse chikuwonetsa kuti akuyesera kuba chisankho. Mgwirizano wanga wonse ndi Waldo Albarracin, womenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi ufulu wa anthu ku Bolivia.
M'malo mwake, "zonse zidawonetsa" kuti OAS idathandiziranso kulanda boma mothandizidwa ndi US m'derali kudzera pakuwunika molakwika zisankho. OAS sakanatha kuyichotsa popanda kuphatikizika kwa malo ogulitsira nkhani zazikulu.
Muzolemba za 128 zokhudzana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri ku Bolivia pakati pa Okutobala 20 mpaka Disembala 26, a Reuters sanatchulepo kudzudzula kwa CEPR kwa oyang'anira zisankho a OAS.[10]. Palibe m'modzi mwazolemba zomwe zidatchulapo zandalama zaku US paulamuliro wa OAS. Kodi mukuganiza kuti izi zikananyalanyazidwa ngati OAS idakhazikitsidwa ku Caracas ndipo idathandizidwa ndi boma la Venezuela?
Bungwe la akonzi la New York Times (yeniyeni, osati otsutsa a Fidel a malingaliro a Almagro) adawonetsa kulanda ngati kuyesa "kubwezeretsa" demokalase yovulazidwa ku Bolivia. Inanena kuti “mtsogoleri akayamba kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu ndi mabungwe omwe amawasamalira ndi osankhidwa, monga momwe Purezidenti Evo Morales adachitira ku Bolivia, ndiye amene amasiya kuvomerezeka kwake, ndipo kumukakamiza kuti atuluke nthawi zambiri kumakhala njira yokhayo yotsalira. ”[11] Alan MacLeod, polembera FAIR.org, adawonetsa kuti atolankhani amakanema amakana kukana kuthamangitsidwa kwa Morales ngati chipwirikiti.[12]
Nanga bwanji Waldo Albarracin, pulezidenti wa yunivesite yemwe Jose Miguel Vivanco wa HRW adamuyamikira (mu tweet yomwe yasonyezedwa pamwambapa) ngati ngwazi yayikulu yomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe?
Albarracin ndi wochirikiza kwambiri chiwembucho komanso utsogoleri wankhanza wa Áñez. Imodzi mwa ma tweets oyambirira omwe adatulutsa pambuyo pa kulanda inali (mosasinthika) mu Chingerezi - kukana kuti panali kulanda.[13] Adatcha boma la Morales kukhala "wolamulira mwankhanza" pa TV yapayekha masiku angapo asanagwetsedwe. Panthawi yomwe adawonekera pa TV, Albarracin adadandaulanso kuti Luis Fernando Camacho, wokonda kumanja komanso wothandizana ndi magulu achiwawa omwe adatsogolera chipwirikiticho, adakanidwa "ufulu woyenda" mkati mwa Bolivia.[14] Albarracin adatumizanso "kulandiridwa" mwachikondi ku ulamuliro wankhanza wa Áñez tsiku lomwe asitikali adamuyika lamba wapurezidenti pa iye.[15]
Zinali zosadabwitsanso kuti a Juan Guaidó ku Venezuela adalandiranso chiwembu ku Bolivia. "Purezidenti wanthawi yayitali" waku Venezuela wodzozedwa ndi a Trump adalemba "kuzindikira" kwake kwa utsogoleri wankhanza wa Áñez akuutcha "kudzoza". Mmodzi mwa omwe adanena kuti chipwirikiti chawomba "mphepo" yademokalase ku Latin America, Guaidó adanenetsa kuti zinali ngati "mphepo yamkuntho".[16] Ngakhale otsutsa apakati, mwachitsanzo, Henri Falcon, adanena za kulanda ku Bolivia chochitika cholimbikitsa.[17] Komabe, Francisco Rodriguez, mlangizi wakale wa zachuma wa Falcon, sanakondwerere kuchotsedwa kwa Morales. Patatha milungu ingapo, Rodriguez adayikanso kanema pa Twitter akuwonetsa ziwonetsero zomwe zidaphedwa ku Bolivia.[18] M'malo mwake, Rodriguez anali m'modzi mwa ofufuza omwe ntchito yawo ya NYT idatchulidwa m'nkhani yomwe idatumiza Almagro momveka bwino.
Ponena za Ken Roth, wamkulu wa HRW, adalemba mawu oti "mbali zonse ziwiri" pakuukira ku Bolivia:
Evo Morales waku Bolivia adataya mphamvu chifukwa chakusamvera malamulo. Palibe chifukwa choti magulu achitetezo aku Bolivia tsopano achite kusayeruzika kwawo (zachiwawa) poteteza wolowa m'malo mwake.[19]
Roth adawoneka kuti amakonda kwambiri zomwe a Economist adachita pakuchitapo kanthu.
Pali zambiri zomwe zimanyansidwa ndi izi, koma chinthu chimodzi chopanda pake ndicho kulingalira kuti zabwino zamalamulo zidayambitsa kulanda. Tiyerekeze kuti Morales adapambana 2016 term limit referendum ndi maperesenti awiri m'malo motaya malirewo. Kapena tiyerekeze kuti Morales adavomereza wolowa m'malo yemwe adapambana ndi malire pang'ono mugawo loyamba kapena lachiwiri la chisankho chapurezidenti. Zimenezo zikanalepheretsa kulanda boma?
Zowonadi magulu achiwawa akaphatikizana ndi magulu achitetezo achinyengo kuti athamangitse purezidenti wosankhidwa mdzikolo ndikupha omutsatira tiyenera kunena kuti zabwino za malamulo si nkhani. Mwachiwonekere pali mavuto akuya kwambiri ndi oopsa kwambiri. Oligarchs am'deralo, mothandizidwa ndi boma la US ndi ofalitsa ake ambiri monga HRW, ndiwowopsa ku demokalase iliyonse.
Ulamuliro wankhanza wochirikizidwa ndi US ku Venezuela ulandilidwa mwachikondi chifukwa umachita zigawenga zazikulu kwambiri chifukwa cha katangale wakumayiko akumadzulo komanso zachinyengo zaufulu wa anthu monga HRW.
zolemba
[1] Moyo wa Evo Morales unali Pangozi, ndipo Sanatuluke ku Bolivia, Guillaume Long ndi Lola Allen, Nov 20, 2019, http://cepr.net/blogs/the-americas-blog/evo-s-odyssey-how-mexico-got-morales-out-of-bolivia idafikira Januware 17, 2020; Otsutsa Okwiya Anawononga Nyumba Ya Purezidenti Wakale waku Bolivia Atasiya Ntchito, Nov 11, 2019, https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/angry-protesters-ransack-former-bolivian-presidents-house-after-his-resignation-2382605.html idapezeka pa Januware 17, 2020
[2] Boma laling'ono la Bolivia likufuna kuti chiwongola dzanja chichuluke, Nov 21, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/bolivia-interim-gov-proposes-election-bill-death-toll-mounts-191120222432439.html idapezeka pa Januware 17, 2020
[3] Embajada de México en Bolivia da asilo a 30 exfuncionarios de Evo Morales, Nayeli Párraga, Nov 13, 2019,
https://www.elsoldemexico.com.mx/mexico/politica/ultimas-noticia-embajada-de-mexico-en-bolivia-da-asilo-a-30-exfuncionarios-de-evo-morales-expresidente-4449879.html idapezeka Januware 19,2020
[4] Boma lopanda chilolezo ku Bolivia likufuna kuletsa gulu lankhondo, Tanya Wadhwa, Nov 20, 2019, https://peoplesdispatch.org/2019/11/20/illegitimate-government-in-bolivia-seeks-to-enshrine-impunity-for-armed-forces/ idapezeka pa Januware 17, 2020
[5] Poll Tracker: Mpikisano Waupulezidenti waku Bolivia wa 2019, Holly K Sonneland, Oct 18, 2019, https://www.as-coa.org/articles/poll-tracker-bolivias-2019-presidential-race idapezeka pa Januware 17, 2020
[6] Chifukwa cha kuvota kovomerezeka, zisankho zaku Bolivia zimameta anthu ambiri. Zinali 88% pa chisankho cha October 20.
[7] Almagro wakhala akunena zinthu zopenga kwa nthawi ndithu. Mu Disembala 2018, adathamangitsidwa ku chipani chake chakale ku Uruguay chifukwa chofotokozera mzere wa Trump kuti kulowererapo usilikali ku Venezuela. Komanso kutsanzira boma la US, Almagro adanena kuti Cuba ndi Venezuela ndizomwe zidayambitsa ziwonetsero zazikulu zotsutsana ndi mfundo zandale ku Colombia, Chile ndi Ecuador:
Luis Almagro akuthamangitsidwa ku gawo la Frente Amplio de Uruguay, Dec 15, 2018, https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2018/12/15/almagro-expulsado-frente-amplio-uruguay-partido/ ; Mtsogoleri wa OAS Almagro Anachotsedwa M'chipani Chake Chifukwa cha Interventionism, Dec 15, 2018, https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/OAS-Head-Almagro-Expelled-From-His-Party-Due-to-Interventionism-20181215-0014.html ; Almagro denuncia "patrón" desestabilización de Venezuela ndi Cuba en la región, AFP, Oct 25, 2019, https://www.voanoticias.com/a/luisalmagro-oea-venezuela-cuba-latinoamerica/5140013.html idapezeka pa Januware 18, 2020
[8] Bolivia: Ikani Ufulu Wofunika Kwambiri Pambuyo pa Kusiya Ntchito kwa Morales, Nov 12, 2019, https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/11/12/bolivia-prioritize-rights-wake-morales-resignation idapezeka pa Januware 19, 2020
[9] Ndi chigawenga chakumanja ku Bolivia chatsala pang'ono kutha, gulu lankhondo likusaka otsalira otsala, Wyatt Reed, Nov 27, 2019, https://thegrayzone.com/2019/11/27/right-wing-coup-bolivia-complete-junta-hunting-dissidents/ idafikira Januware 19, 2020; Ndemanga pazankhani zapa TV zachinsinsi ku Bolivia. Zosiyana ndi Venezuela zikuwonekeratu ngati tsiku, Joe Emersberger, Dec 20,2019, https://znetwork.org/zblogs/notes-on-a-private-tv-newscast-in-bolivia-the-contrast-with-venezuela-is-clear-as-day/ maulalo onse adafikira Januware 18, 2020
[10] Zolemba za 128 Reuters zonena za Bolivia kuyambira pa 20 Okutobala 2019 masankho osanenapo zakudzudzula kwa akatswiri ofufuza a OAS ZOPHUNZITSIDWA, Joe Emersberger, Dec 26, 2019 https://znetwork.org/zblogs/112-reuters-articles-on-bolivia-since-october-20-2019-election-with-no-mention-of-expert-criticism-of-oas-audit/ idapezeka pa Januware 19, 2020
[11] Evo Morales Wapita. Mavuto aku Bolivia Sali, gulu la akonzi la New York Times, Nov 11, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/11/opinion/evo-morales-bolivia.html idapezeka pa Januware 19, 2020
[12] Kuukira boma ku Bolivia Si Kuukira—Chifukwa US Inkafuna Kuti Zichitike, Alan MacLeod, Nov 11, 2019, https://fair.org/home/the-bolivian-coup-is-not-a-coup-because-us-wanted-it-to-happen/ idapezeka pa Januware 19, 2020
[13] Malinga ndi kunena kwa Ollie Vargas, mtolankhani wodziyimira pawokha yemwe wapereka malipoti ambiri pambuyo pa zigawenga ku Bolivia, Albaracin amalumikizidwa ndi zigawenga zakumanja zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ziwawa kuopseza ophunzira aku yunivesite ndi aphunzitsi kuti amuthandize kuti asankhidwe. Vargas akunenanso kuti mwina anali othandizira a Morales omwe adawotcha nyumba yake panthawi yachigawenga pa Novembara 10. Zopanda chifukwa, koma izi sizimamasula Albarracin ku kutsutsidwa kwa milandu yayikulu yomwe adathandizira. Vivanco adawonetsanso kukwiya pa Twitter kuti Morales adadzudzula Albarracin (mwachilungamo) chifukwa chothandizira kulanda boma ndi kupha anthu ambiri. https://twitter.com/JMVivancoHRW/status/1196119013442670592 idapezeka pa Januware 20, 2020
[14] Waldo Albarracín se pronuncia ante el regreso de Luis Fernando Camacho ku Santa Cruz, Nov 5, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0NfN7CJSUk ; Bolivia Coup motsogozedwa ndi Christian Fascist Paramilitary Leader and Millionaire - ndi Thandizo Lakunja, Max Blumenthal ndi Ben Norton, Nov 11, 2019,
https://thegrayzone.com/2019/11/11/bolivia-coup-fascist-foreign-support-fernando-camacho/ onse adafikira Januware 20, 2020;
[15] https://twitter.com/search?q=dictadura%20(from%3Aw_albarracin)&src=typed_query
Saludamos la presidencia transitoria de Jeanine Añez Bolivia necesita dotarse de un gobierno que imponga la paz, restituya la democracia y convoque a nuevas elecciones de inmediato. CPE yalola kuti atumize katundu wa Purezidenti waku Bolivia ndikuvomereza ku Tribunal Constitucional
- Waldo Albarracin (@WaldoAlbarracin) November 12, 2019
Chonde gawani izi:
Ku Bolivia kunalibe kulanda boma. Pali zigawenga zotsutsana ndi boma lachinyengo lomwe lidachita chinyengo pamasankho, monga momwe OAS idanenera. https://t.co/KlKji9cfk4- Waldo Albarracin (@WaldoAlbarracin) November 12, 2019
idapezeka pa Januware 19, 2020
[16] https://twitter.com/search?q=Bolivia%20(from%3Ajguaido)%20since%3A2019-11-10&src=typed_query idapezeka pa Januware 20, 2020
[17] https://twitter.com/HenriFalconLara/status/1193653057118191616 idapezeka pa Januware 20, 2020
[18] https://twitter.com/frrodriguezc/status/1194409109866586112 , https://twitter.com/frrodriguezc/status/1196095685105508359 idapezeka pa Januware 20, 2020
[19] https://twitter.com/KenRoth/status/1196248843848945664 idapezeka pa Januware 20, 2020
[20] Kuti mumve zambiri pazambiri za OAS ndi maulalo kuzinthu zina onani "Reuters Shields OAS OAS Pa Zonena Zabodza Zomwe Zinayambitsa Kuukira ku Bolivia", Joe Emersberger, Dec 17, 2019
https://fair.org/home/reuters-shields-oas-over-false-claims-that-sparked-bolivia-coup/ idapezeka Januware 18,2020
[21] Anthu aku Bolivia awononga mavoti pamavoti otsutsa Morales, Daniel Ramos, Dec 4, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-politics/bolivians-spoil-ballots-in-judicial-vote-to-protest-morales-idUSKBN1DY2I5 idapezeka pa Januware 18, 2020
[22] Onani Mutu 10 kuti mukambirane za chigamulo cha Khothi Lalikulu la Hoduran cha 2009
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