Chiyambire kuphulitsa mabomba a atomiki ku US m'mizinda ya Japan mu Ogasiti 1945, chodabwitsa chakhala chikuvutitsa dziko lonse lapansi - zowopsa za kuwonongedwa kwa nyukiliya.
The lipoti laposachedwapa kuchokera Bulletin ya Atomic Scientists, lofalitsidwa pa January 24, limatikumbutsa kuti chiyembekezo cha tsoka la nyukiliya chidakali chenicheni. Pofotokoza za ngozi yowopsa ya ngozi ya nyukiliya, akonzi ndi gulu lodziwika bwino la akatswiri omwe amawadalira adakhazikitsanso "Doomsday Clock" yawo yotchuka kuyambira mphindi ziwiri mpaka pakati pausiku.
Chenjezo lomvetsa chisonili lochokera kwa asayansi nโlomveka. The Dipatimenti ya Trump yachotsa dziko la United States pa mgwirizano wa zida za nyukiliya wa 2015 womwe udakambirana movutikira ndi Iran ndipo ili mkati mochoka ku Pangano la 1987 Intermediate Nuclear Forces (INF) ndi Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, Pangano la New Start Treaty la 2010, lomwe limakwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa zida zanyukiliya zomwe dziko la United States ndi Russia likuchita, likuyembekezeka kutha mu 2021, motero sizikusiya malire pa zida zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi za zida za nyukiliya kwa nthawi yoyamba kuyambira 1972. kwa Trump, mgwirizano uwu, nawonso, ndi "ntchito yoipa," ndipo mlangizi wake wa chitetezo cha dziko la hawkish, John Bolton, watsutsa kuti "kupatsa zida za dziko limodzi. "
Komanso, pamene mapangano oletsa zida za nyukiliya ndi kuthetsa zida akutha, chachikulu kupanga zida za nyukiliya ikuchitika ndi mphamvu zonse zisanu ndi zinayi za nyukiliya. Boma la US lokha layamba "kukonzanso" zida zake zonse za zida za nyukiliya, zokonzedwa kuti zipereke zida zatsopano za nyukiliya ndi zida zowonjezera kapena zatsopano zopangira. Mtengo kwa okhometsa misonkho aku US akuyerekezedwa kuti ukuyenda kwinakwake $ 1.2 zankhaninkhani, ndi $ 2 zankhaninkhani,.
Kumbali yake, Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin adagwiritsa ntchito mawu ake pawailesi yakanema a 2018 State of the Union kuyamikira dziko lake lomwe likupita patsogolo pa zida za nyukiliya. Powonetsa kuyesa kopambana kwa RS-28 Sarmat intercontinental ballistic missile yaku Russia yokhala ndi ndalama zokwana 15 zankhondo zanyukiliya, adadzitamandiranso popanga chida cha laser chogwira ntchito, mzinga wa hypersonic, ndi mzinga wapamadzi woyendetsedwa ndi zida zanyukiliya zomwe zimatha kuwuluka mpaka kalekale. Putin adanena kuti mzinga wa hypersonic, wotchedwa Kinzhal (kapena lupanga), ankatha kuyenda pa liwiro la phokoso kuลตirikiza kakhumi, ndipo โanatsimikiziridwa kugonjetsa . . . anti-missile systems" ndikupereka nyukiliya. Chombocho, chowonetsedwa pavidiyo ndi a Putin m'mawonekedwe a makanema, adawonetsedwa ngati chotchinga chitetezo chamlengalenga cha US ndikulowera kugombe la California.
Zikafika pamawu olankhula pagulu, mwina chosangalatsa kwambiri chachokera kwa Trump. M'chilimwe cha 2017, atakwiyitsidwa ndi kupita patsogolo kwa zida za North Korea komanso mawu ankhanza a atsogoleri ake, anachenjeza kuti ziwopsezo zake zamtsogolo โzidzakumana ndi moto ndi ukali monga dziko silinawonepo.โ Chaka chotsatira, ponena za mtsogoleri waku North Korea Kim Jong-un, adadzitama: โInenso ndili ndi Batani la Nyukiliya, koma ndi lalikulu kwambiri komanso lamphamvu kuposa lake.โ
Vuto lomwe akuluakulu aboma amakumana nalo akamachita zinthu ngati izi nkhawa za anthu kuti zingayambitse nkhondo yanyukiliya yoopsa. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuchepetsa nkhaลตa ya anthu ponena za chiwonongeko chowopsa cha nyukiliya, iwo anena kuti, modabwitsa, zida za nyukiliya zimatsimikiziradi chisungiko cha dziko mwa anthu. kuletsa nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi wamba.
Koma mphamvu ya kuletsa zida za nyukiliya ndi kutali bwino. Zoonadi, ngakhale ali ndi zida za nyukiliya. India ndi Pakistan anachita nkhondo wina ndi mzake, ndipo, monga iwo United States ndi Soviet Union, inatsala pang'ono kugwera m'nkhondo ya nyukiliya. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chiyani boma la US, lokhala ndi zida (komanso otetezeka) ndi masauzande a zida zanyukiliya, lakhala ndi nkhawa kuti Iraq, Iran, ndi North Korea azipeza? Nโchifukwa chiyani ikufunika zida zina zanyukiliya?
Kuyambira mu 1983, Ronald Reaganโpodzudzulidwa kwambiri ndi anthu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa zida za nyukiliya komanso kuda nkhawa kuti zida za nyukiliya za ku U.S. sizikanatha kuletsa kuwukira kwa zida za nyukiliya za ku Soviet โanayambitsa pulogalamu yoteteza zida zanyukiliya yamtundu wina: chitetezo cha mizinga. Wotchedwa Strategic Defense Initiative (koma wonyozedwa ndi Senator Edward Kennedy ngati "Star Wars"), pulogalamuyo idaphatikizapo kuponya zida zanyukiliya zomwe zikubwera zisanamenye United States, motero kumasula anthu aku America ku ngozi iliyonse ya chiwonongeko cha nyukiliya.
Kuyambira pachiyambi, asayansi amakayikira kuthekera kwaukadaulo kwa zida zodzitetezera ku mizinga ndipo, ananenanso kuti, ngakhale zitagwira ntchito pang'ono, dziko la adani likhoza kuligonjetsa pogwiritsa ntchito mivi yowonjezera kapena chinyengo. Komabe, chitetezo cha mizinga chinali ndi chidwi chachikulu, makamaka pakati pa aku Republican, omwe adachigwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yosangalatsa ya anthu poletsa zida za nyukiliya ndi kuponya zida.
Zotsatira zake zinali kuti, poyambira 2019, patatha zaka zoposa 35 za ntchito yachitukuko ya boma la United States pamtengo wa pafupifupi $300 biliyoni, dziko la United States linalibe makina otetezera mizinga yotheka. M'mayesero angapo ankhondo aku US - kuyesa kuwononga mzinga womwe ukubwera womwe nthawi yake komanso njira zake zidadziwika pasadakhale - dongosololi linalephera pafupifupi theka la nthawi.
Komabe, mwachiwonekere chifukwa palibe ndondomeko yolakwika kwambiri yomwe ingasiyidwe ngati ikulitsa makontrakitala ankhondo ndikuchepetsa zofuna za anthu za zida zanyukiliya, mkati mwa Januware 2019. Trump adalengeza akukonzekera kukulitsa kwakukulu kwa pulogalamu yoteteza mizinga ya U.S. Malinga ndi purezidenti, cholinga chake chinali "kuwonetsetsa kuti titha kuzindikira ndikuwononga mzinga uliwonse womwe uphulitsidwa ku United States - kulikonse, nthawi iliyonse, malo aliwonse."
Ngakhale zili choncho, zonse sizinataye. Ma Democrat Otsogolaโkuphatikiza omwe akuyembekezeka kukhala pulezidenti โafuna kuti a Trump asunge United States mkati mwa Pangano la INF ndikukonzekera kukulitsa zida zanyukiliya zaku US. Adam Smith, wapampando watsopano wa House Armed Services Committee, wapempha kuti pakhale โndondomeko ya zida za nyukiliya yomwe imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zida zankhondo komanso kuchepetsa mwayi wa zida za nyukiliya. aliyense ngati nkhondo yanyukiliya.โ Pogwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro wawo wa House of Representatives, a Democrats akhoza kuletsa ndalama zothandizira zida za nyukiliya za boma.
Ndipo ndi chitsenderezo chokwanira cha anthu, iwo akhoza kuchita zimenezo.
Lawrence Wittner (https://www.lawrenceswittner.com/ ) ndi Professor of History Emeritus ku SUNY / Albany ndi mlembi wa Kulimbana ndi Bomba (Stanford University Press).
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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