Nkhani yatsopano imene yafalitsidwa ikunena kuti “oposa 90 peresenti [a ku United States] akhoza kudya zakudya zolimidwa kapena zokulitsidwa m’dera la makilomita 100 kuchokera m’nyumba zawo.” ( https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://faculty.ucmerced.edu/ecampbell3/Locafoodpressrelease.docx ) Izi zimatchulidwa kuti ndizabwino pazachuma komanso kukhazikika. Imathandizidwa ndi mapu owonetsa komwe izi zingachitike, ndi mabwalo abuluu amitundu yosiyanasiyana akuyimira, mwachiwonekere, komwe 90% amakhala.
Nkhaniyi ikugwirizana ndi malingaliro ena, kuchokera kwa odyetserako zamasamba ndi ena, mwachitsanzo, omwe amatsutsa kuti madera akuluakulu a US akhoza kubwezeredwa ku chilengedwe, ngati ziweto sizinakwezedwenso. Mbali ina ya mkanganowo ndi lingaliro la “chakudya chokha,” lomwe limadzudzula alimi chifukwa cholima mbewu zopanda chakudya, ndi mbewu zodyetsedwa ku ziweto m’malo molunjika kwa anthu. Izi, ndiye, ndi njira yodyetsera dziko lapansi.
Lingaliro langa ndikuti nkhani yolumikizidwa ndi chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri kwa okonzekera nthawi yayitali, koma ikufunika kuwonjezeredwa ndi mitundu ina yambiri yazidziwitso, kuti athe kuthana ndi vuto laling'ono.
nthano-zapita-ma virus zomwe zitha kukulitsidwa ndi lipotilo.
Nthawi zambiri ndimawona ngati mtundu wosayenera wa zofunikira, pomwe malingaliro opapatiza amapangidwa kuchokera ku chidziwitso chosakwanira. Ndikuwona zovuta zambiri zofunikira mu Sustainable Food Movement yamasiku ano, yomwe ndi gulu laling'ono. (Ndikugwira ntchito pabulogu yokhudzana ndi "Essentialism in the Food Movement." Monga bambo wachikulire, (wazaka 62,) yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso chochepa ndi zovuta zaulimi, (zamaphunziro ndi zokumana nazo, pafamu ndi Pakufunika thandizo kuchokera kwa achikulire, “akuluakulu” ochokera ku mbali ya famu ya “Family Farm” kapena “Farm Justice Movement” (komanso aang’ono). digiri, kuchokera ku Sustainable Agriculture Movement,) ya zaka 60 zapitazi, (kapena zaka 25, za SAM).
M'malingaliro mwanga, kusowa kwa chidziwitso ichi kwakhala chinthu chachikulu chomwe chapangitsa kuti achinyamata a Food Movement azitha kukhazikika, m'malingaliro a alimi achikulire "chilungamo chaulimi", osati kungomvetsetsa nkhani zazikulu za chilungamo chogawa, (omwe ndiye kumabweretsa kusamvetsetsana kwa kukhazikika,) koma kuti awononge alimi ambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, "nthano ya subsidy" yakhala ikuyambitsa kusamvana. Bungwe latsopano la Sustainable Food Movement silinamvetsetse KODI bilu ya pafamu ndi chiyani, (si ndalama zongowonongera ndalama, koma ili ndi gulu lina, lalikulu kwambiri lazachuma, kasamalidwe ka msika,) moyenera, mbiri yakale, komanso monga momwe zimayesedwera ndi (kasamalidwe ka msika) kulibe lero. (cf https://znetwork.org/zblogs/the-farm-subsidy-myth-scientifically-invalid-subverting-food-day/ )
Nazi mfundo zina zofunika kuzikumbukira ponena za nkhani yatsopano (yotchulidwa pamwamba).
1. Ngati china chake chiri chowona mwachilengedwe m'njira izi, sizikutanthauza kuti ndi zenizeni malinga ndi sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, kapena mbali zina za sayansi ya chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, chuma chaulimi chimakhazikika pazitukuko zazikulu komanso zovuta komanso zowunikira, ndipo lingaliro lotere silikuwongolera kusintha kotere, (kusunthira zambiri kumadera akumatauni-koma ndiye tingasunthire zina mwazinthu zopanda chakudya. /infostructure kubwerera kumadera akumidzi ambiri?) angatanthauze chifukwa chimenecho.
2. Nkhani ya chilungamo kwa anthu akumidzi (kuphatikiza alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi amayi) ndi nkhani yayikulu yomwe nthawi zambiri imasiyidwa m'njira zosavuta izi. Kodi chotsatira cha kusintha kwakukuluku kwa malo achuma chaulimi kumadera omwe adataya chingakhale chiyani?
3. Mwa ndale, ndithudi, izi zingatanthauze kuchoka kwakukulu ku chuma cha mayiko akumidzi, mokomera mayiko akumidzi. Izi zili ngati msika wa neoliberal 'waulere', 'waulere' pazamalonda pazaulimi, pomwe oyeretsa amagawira chuma chaulimi kumayiko ena m'malo mwa ena, (ndi mabungwe akuluakulu a agribusiness omwe amapindula ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo yomwe amalipira alimi). Monga ndale, ndizopanda pake, kuwonetsa kumvetsetsa pang'ono momwe mayiko amaganizira pa nkhani yofunika kwambiri monga kudyetsa anthu awo. (Onani Daryll E. Ray, http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/163.html, http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/419.html, http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/423.html,) (Monga zachuma ndizowononga kwambiri, chifukwa sizimakhudza zenizeni zenizeni zachuma chaulimi, zomwe "zimasowa kukhudzidwa kwa mtengo" (http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/248.html ) “pambali zonse zogulitsira ndi zofunikila pazaulimi wamba” (http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/325.html ).
4. Izi zikusiya osayankhidwa nkhani ya "chakudya chokha" chotchuka chowunikanso zaulimi waku US, zomwe ndi zachibwana komanso zosawona. (Onani Wendell Berry, Kusokonezeka kwa America kuti akonzenso.) Zikuoneka kuti sizikudziwika bwino pakati pa "zakudya zokha" zatsopano za Food Movement kuti njira yotereyi, ngati itatsatiridwa, ingasokoneze kwambiri zolinga zawo za US ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi (onani m'munsimu).
5. Ikusonyeza mtundu waukulu wa “kusakhazikika” wakumidzi yaku America. (Kachiwirinso, onani bukhu la Berry.) M’malo mwake likuwoneka kukhala lopanda tanthauzo. Ma utopias apamwamba, komabe, anali osavuta komanso ovomerezeka (Lewis Mumford, Utopia, City and the Machine, http://habitat.aq.upm.es/boletin/n37/almum.en.html, & Authoritarian and Democratic Technics, https://sniadecki.wordpress.com/2012/04/03/mumford-technics/ ). Ngakhale utopias kuphatikiza zabwino zofunika, analinso kuyesa kusokoneza zenizeni (kapena tsogolo) m'bokosi, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zopondereza. (Onani buku la Berry ponena za tsogolo, ndi Lewis Mumford, Pentagon ya Mphamvu, mutu wonena za nthano zopeka za sayansi, monga ngati pamene amamasulira wolemba wina wotero motere: “Motsutsa chifuniro chake, motsutsana ndi zikhulupiriro zake zonse zopatsa chiyembekezo, [iye] ananena pansi pa mtima: Palibe chabwino chimene chingabwere.”) (Izi zikhoza kukhala zaumwini, koma chithunzi chomwe chili pamwamba pa nkhaniyi chikufanana ndi chithunzi cha utopian agribusiness model ya tsogolo laulimi, (mu National Geographic, February 1970) zimene Wendell Berry anatsutsa m’mutu wake wonena za mtsogolo [https://www.flickr.com/photos/impactdixon/4321133210/?ytcheck=1 ].)
6. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa zinthu zotere ndi yakuti sizithetsa bwino mavuto. (Mwambi Mumford, Khalidwe la Moyo gawo kapena nkhani yodziyimira payokha, "The Fallacy of Systems." “Nzeru zambiri zamakhalidwe abwino zakhala zikuyesa kudzipatula ndi kulinganiza zinthu za moyo, ndi kupanga chifuno chimodzi kapena china kukhala chachikulu. Iwo ayang'ana pa zosangalatsa kapena kuchita bwino kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kapena ntchito, pa kusasinthika kapena kulingalira kapena kudziwononga okha monga korona wamkulu wa mzimu wodziletsa ndi wophunzitsidwa. Izi
kuyesayesa kupeputsa khalidwe lofunika kukhala logwirizana ndi mfundo zogwirizanirana ndi zifuno zake zabwino sikumalungamitsa mkhalidwe wa moyo, ndi zododometsa zake, njira zake zocholoŵana, mikangano yake ya mkati, mavuto ake nthaŵi zina osathetsedwa.” Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, nkhani zazikulu zaulimi zimakhudza njira zothetsera mavuto aakulu (ndikuyembekeza kutumiza blog pa 6 kapena 8 mwa zovuta zazikulu za ndondomeko zomwe alimi amakumana nazo).
7. "Kusakhazikika" kumakhudza kwambiri alimi. M'mbiri yakale, yakhala bizinesi yazaulimi yomwe imawona alimi ndi ogwira ntchito m'mafamu ngati "zinthu zochulukirapo (makamaka antchito)." (Komiti Yachitukuko Zachuma, "Pulogalamu Yosinthira Yaulimi; ” cf. http://www.dailykos.com/story/2014/12/04/1349380/-Four-National-Farm-and-Food-Policy-Plans-Part-1, cf. Weno Hauter, Foodopoly,ch. 1) Uwu ndi mtundu wa kuchepetsa komanso kugulitsa alimi. Izi ndi zomwe Erich Fromm adazitcha "kulingalira bwino" m'mawu ake a buku la Herman Kahn, Pa Nkhondo ya Thermonuclear, amene mwachisawawa analingalira kuchuluka kwa mamiliyoni makumi ambiri amene anafa pankhondo ya nyukiliya kukhala “kutaika kovomerezeka.”
Masiku ano ndizotheka kukhala gulu lazakudya lomwe likupita patsogolo, lomwe lili ndi "ana aamuna okondedwa" ndi ana aakazi, koma zomwe zimachititsa kuti alimi asokonezeke mosavuta komanso mosadziwa. Animus iyi imagwirizana ndi "nthano ya subsidy ya famu (onani ulalo pamwambapa). (Onani makamaka Berry, Kusakhazikika kwa America, pa tanthauzo la ulimi wa anthu onse, komanso Mumford, Kusintha kwa Munthu,ch. pazaulimi wa mbiri yakale motsutsana ndi chikhalidwe chakumatauni chachitukuko [zovuta zamphamvu, ndikuwona nkhani ya Mumford, pamwambapa, pa utopia ndi mzinda].)
8. Zonsezi zikugwira ntchito ku zamasamba zomwe zili m'nyuzipepala. "Chakudya chokha" ndi utopianism yazamasamba, ngati itakhazikitsidwa, imagwira ntchito mosiyana ndendende ndi njira yachilungamo pazachuma, (potengera "kusowa kwamitengo yamitengo," mu maulalo pamwambapa, pazaulimi,) momwe imagwirira ntchito pafamu. zachuma komanso momwe zakhala zikudetsa nkhawa za kayendetsedwe ka famu yaku US / padziko lonse lapansi pazaka 60 zapitazi. Njira ziwirizi (zakudya zokha komanso zopanda ziweto) zingaphatikizepo kuchulukirachulukira, kulimbikitsa kuchepetsa mtengo, kuthetseratu alimi a mabanja/makampeni, njala yakumidzi (komwe 80% ya "osadyetsedwa bwino" ali akumidzi kale, ndipo nthawi zambiri azimayi ndi anthu akumidzi. color,) kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga zachilengedwe, (vuto lalikulu lomwe latsala pang'ono kutetezedwa ndi Sustainable Food Movement,) ndi zina zotero. Ulimi wa US ndi padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo ulimi wa anthu ochepa ndi amayi, ndi waukulu kwambiri kuposa chakudya chamba. Ndalama zambiri zaulimi ku US ndi padziko lonse lapansi ndizopanda chakudya, kapena (40%) zimachokera ku zoweta (mwachitsanzo, "kuthandizira [ku] moyo ndi chakudya cha anthu pafupifupi biliyoni imodzi").
9. Palibe kuzindikirika pano za momwe kuchotsa chakudya, (kusiya zopanda chakudya m'madera akumidzi?) kumawonongera, chiwonongeko, (chosatha) cha ulimi m'madera ambiri. Machitidwe omwe adakhalapo kale adapangidwa pazifukwa zovuta zambiri zomwe mayankho a utopian amaphwanya kwambiri.
Pansipa, izi kuchokera m'mawu atolankhani ndizabwino kudziwa, ndipo zitha kulimbikitsa zinthu zina zabwino kwambiri zakusintha kwapang'onopang'ono, kwanthawi yayitali, koma kusintha kotereku kumatha kukhala kochepetsetsa, kolamulira komanso kuwononga, ngati kukhazikitsidwa mwautopian, purist, mopitilira muyeso. njira zofunika. Agribusiness yapanga kale mitundu yofanana ya utopian, zofunika, zolakwa zaulamuliro.
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