"Achọsiwo m ya site n'oké mkpagbu nke karịrị imeru ihe n'ókè; ma ugbu a ka m mechaworo, ịma mma nke nrọ ahụ furu efu, egwu na-eku ume ume na ịkpọasị jupụtara n'obi m." Nke a bụ Victor Frankenstein kwuru gbasara "anụ ọhịa" na "daemon" o kere na Mary Shelley's 1818 akwụkwọ akụkọ Frankenstein. Ị ga-eche na ole ụlọ ọrụ na ndị Republican na-amalite inwe mmetụta ma ọ dịkarịa ala dị ka nke ahụ banyere Tea Party siri ike.
Anyị nwere ike wepụta site na mmalite na echiche na "Tea Party" na-egosipụta ụdị ọ bụla nke nnwere onwe, mgbochi-eguzobe, na grassroots nri-populist ọgba aghara nke ndị etiti na ndị na-arụ ọrụ [1]. N'ezie, ihe omume Tea Party na-adọta nke ukwuu, ndị na-akwado ya, ma na-erigbu nchegbu akụ na ụba na nke ọha na eze na ajọ mbunobi omenala ndị metụtara ya nke ukwuu na-acha ọcha, ime obodo, ọkachamara, na obere azụmahịa gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ "ntọala". Ọ na-abanyekwa n'ụjọ na oke nhụsianya nke obere ndị ọcha, ndị ọrụ amuru n'afọ. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ bụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu e kere eke nke ụlọ ọrụ na Republican Party overlords - ndị dị ka billionaire mmanụ capitalists Charles na David Koch, isi akwado nke Tea Party-seeding otu Americans for Prosperity (AFP)[2]; Sal Russo, onye bụbu onye enyemaka Reagan na onye guzobere National Tea Party Express; Onye isi ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Tea Party bụ Dick Armey, onye bụbu onye isi ọtụtụ ndị Republican House of Representatives na onye nchoputa Freedomworks, onye na-akwado nkwado mbụ mkpesa Tea Party; na Roger Ailes, onye isi oche nke FOX News na onye bụbu onye isi mgbasa ozi strategist maka ndị isi Republican Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, na George HW Bush. Dị ka Russo si kwuo, na N'ajụjụ ọnụ New York Magazine's Gabriel Sherman na nso nso a, "agaraghị enwe oriri tii na-enweghị Fox"[3] - nkwupụta nke eziokwu nke nchọpụta anyị chọpụtara na nso nso a na ihe omume Tea Party bụ mgbasa ozi - ihe achupuru.4
Top Down Tea
N'akwụkwọ ọhụrụ anyị Crashing the Tea Party: Mass Media and the Campaign to Remake American Politics (Paradigm, May 2011), anyị emeela nyocha nke mbụ na nke omimi nke 2009-2010 (n'ezie 2007-2010[5]) Ihe oriri tii. N'elu usoro mgbasa ozi ọkọlọtọ na nyocha data ntuli aka, nyocha anyị gụnyere ịga nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, nzukọ, na ihe omume ndị ọzọ n'oge opupu ihe ubi, ọkọchị, na ọdịda nke 2010 na mpaghara Chicago niile, na-agbaso akwụkwọ ozi eletrọnịkị na ndị otu Tea Party, na ime. mkparita uka na ndi otu Tea Party. Dị ka anyị mụtara ngwa ngwa, nkọwa nke "mmegharị" na-emekọ ihe na-emekarị, nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ ngwa ngwa na nkọwa enyi na enyi nke "Tea Party" dị ka ọgba aghara populist bụ nnukwu ihe na-eduhie eduhie. Nkwupụta nke "mmegharị ahụ" - akwadoro ma gbasaa n'ofe mgbasa ozi "isi" ụlọ ọrụ (gụnyere New York Times na PBS yana FOX News na redio okwu aka nri) - na ihe omume ahụ nọchiri anya ihe na-enye ume ọhụrụ, nweere onwe ya, onye na-abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mgbochi. ndị nnupụisi, grassroots, populist, na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na mebere òtù ngagharị iwe ọha na eze na-enweghị isi na nke enweghị isi bụ, anyị na-egosi, ezighi ezi. Ọ bụ ihe ụgha niile dị ka nkwupụta ụgha nke Tea Partiers na Barack Obama, Democratic Party, na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi nke mba ahụ bụ akụkụ nke "ndị na-akwado socialist Left."
Ihe ngosi nke Tea Party anyị kpughere abụghị nke nnwere onwe yana ngagharị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ nke ọha. Ọ bụ ọgbakọ tọgbọrọ chakoo nke ndị otu nwere mmasị na-akwado ịlaghachite otu Republican Party n'ọchịchị. N'agbanyeghị ngagharị iwe megidere nke ahụ, [6] ọ bụ Astroturf na Republican na-akpakọrịta na isi, ndị na-akwado ya na ndị isi na-akwado ya nke ọma kọwara nke ọma site na nyocha Bloomberg nke Tea Partiers dị ka "ndị isi-Republican." Ọ bụghị "mgbalite" megide usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị rụrụ arụ ma ọ bụ megide usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze guzobere. Kama, ọ bụ mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume, ngosipụta nke elu-ala nke usoro ahụ, yi uwe ma ree ya dị ka nnupụisi nke mba ọzọ nke edobere na-agbanwe iwu na Washington na n'ofe mba ahụ. N'ịbụ onye na-emegide onwe ya, Tea Party bụ, anyị kpebisiri ike, ihe kpochapụrụ, aka nri, nke na-adịghị mma na nke Republican nke ihe onye na-akọwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị hapụrụ n'oge gara aga bụ Christopher Hitchens kpọrọ otu oge "ihe kachasị mkpa nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America": "nghọta nke populism site na populism. elitism" (mesiri ike)." Ọrụ ya bụ isi, nke mgbasa ozi ụlọ ọrụ kwadoro nke ukwuu, bụ inyere ndị na-enweghị mmasị na ya aka (n'ihi na n'ụzọ doro anya plutocratic) Republican Party re-brand onwe ya na uwe ndị na-eduhie eduhie iji nweta uru ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị zuru oke nke enweghị nchebe akụ na ụba zuru ebe niile nyere site na nlaghachi ego nke Epic. 2008-2009 n'oge mid-okwu congressional na steeti ntuli aka nke November 2010. Ọzọkwa, ndị òtù nke sizable "Tea Party caucus" na House of Nnọchiteanya enwetawo oke ego si, na nyekwara ịrịba concessions na nnọọ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ akụ na ego. mmasị na-aga nke ọma na-ebibi US aku na uba. Ha na-erite uru site na onyinye mgbasa ozi siri ike site na ọdịmma nlekọta ahụike nke na-erite uru site na mgbasawanye nke nlekọta ahịa ahịa n'okpuru Obama - nke a ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ iji hụ na mgbanwe ọ bụla nke ndị Democrats gafere agaghị aga n'ihu n'ịgba usoro ahụike nke uru .7
Anyị na-ahụ na "Ndị otu Tea Party na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndị ndu dị anya site na "mkpụrụ osisi" na "ewu ewu." Ha bara ọgaranya ma na-emeghachi omume karịa UScitizenry n'ozuzu ya na ọbụna karịa akụkụ nke ndị mmadụ na-ekwu (na mkpali nke ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ntuli aka) inwe "mmetụta" maka Tea Party. Ezigbo ihe ngosi Tea Party anyị chọpụtara bụ nke ọma na Middle American (ọ bụghị nke ọma), na-acha ọcha nke ukwuu, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, onye agha, ịchọ ọdịmma onwe onye naanị, obi ọjọọ na mmegide ya nye ndị ogbenye, enweghị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, onye otu Republican siri ike, na-emegide ya. Democratic Party, nke na-amaghị ihe nke ukwuu na onye aghụghọ, na-enweghị isi, onye isi osisi, na ịdabere na ya na akụkọ mgbasa ozi ziri ezi na nkọwa maka ozi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ isi. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ndú ya na ndị òtù ya na-egosipụta nlelị nkà ihe ọmụma miri emi maka imekọ ihe ọnụ; otu nkwuwa okwu na-akpasu iwe ma na-ekpughere n'ofe otu, obodo ukwu na mpaghara; enweghị ọmarịcha nhazi obodo na gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ; na ihe kachasị mkpa nke ntuli aka Republican karịa mkpesa nke ahịhịa n'ụdị ọ bụla.
Ihe ngosi dị omimi nke nnabata ndị Tea Party na-akwado ndị ọgaranya na ndị dị ike na ọdịdị adịgboroja nke "populism" bụ onye omebe iwu Wisconsin Tea Party na onye isi oche kọmitii mmefu ego nke US House Paul Ryan atụmatụ mkpasu iwe iweghachite mmemme Medicare na-ewu ewu na nke na-aga nke ọma (nke bụ onye na-akwụ otu onye na-akwụ ụgwọ). mkpuchi ahụike gọọmentị maka ndị America 65 na karịa). N'okpuru atụmatụ mmefu ego nke Ryan, gafere 235-193 site na Houselọ ikpeazụ Eprel 15th, a ga-agbanwe Medicare (malite na 2022) site na atụmatụ mkpuchi ahụike gọọmentị nyere n'ime “usoro inye aka” nke na-enye ndị 65 na ndị okenye ego ịzụta. mkpuchi onwe. Atụmatụ ahụ enweghị mmasị na ndị agadi America karịsịa na ọbụna ndị na-akwado Tea Party, dị ka April 18th Marist Poll si kwuo, 70% nke ndị otu Tea Party na-emegide atụmatụ Paul Ryan ịkwatu Medicare dị ka anyị si mara ya. Nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya n'ihi na ndị agadi nọ n'etiti na ndị agadi na-enweghị atụ nke "grassroot" Tea Party. Ntuli aka nke ndị okenye Bloomberg na nso nso a chọpụtara na 40% nke “ndị otu Tea Party” dị afọ 55 ma ọ bụ karịa. [8] Ntuli aka nke CBS-New York Times n'April nke afọ gara aga kpebiri na ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ nke "ndị na-akwado Tea Party" dịkarịa ala afọ 45 na pasent 62 nke ndị na-akwado Tea Party kwetara na nkwupụta a: "Uru sitere na gọọmentị. mmemme dị ka Social Nche na Medicare kwesịrị ụgwọ nke mmemme ndị ahụ maka ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi."9
IRI PARTY RIUMPH
Na-akọwa 2010
Kedu ka ndị adịgboroja-populist na plutocratic Republican Tea Party siri nweta nnukwu mmeri na ntuli aka etiti oge nke November nke 2010?1 isi ọdịda ikpeazụ ekele karịa ihe niile na isi ihe abụọ:
1. "Ụlọ Nzukọ nke enyo" mmetụta nke oge a American mass media. The Tea Party enweela mmetụta dị ukwuu n'otu akụkụ n'ihi na e chere na ọ bụ ozi ọhụrụ-obere dị iche na isi ihe sitere na isi pro-azụmahịa, ozi ndị na-emegide ndị ogbenye nke otu aka nri na-enweghị mmasị na Republican Party (ezigbo / ezigbo ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị " Tea Party" ka ewepụtara ka ọ bụrụ akara ọzọ) - rịọrọ maka usoro mgbasa ozi ụlọ ọrụ nke na-akwado mgbanwe mgbanwe, mkpesa ụgha-populist maka ezi ntọala na mmegharị mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-aga n'ihu. Mmasị a nyere aka wulite ihe Tea Party pụtara yana “akara” karịa ihe ọ gaara enwe na-enweghị mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi. Otu n'ime ihe ịtụnanya dị egwu nke Tea Party nke oge a, anyị na-egosi, bụ na ọ nwere ụgwọ dị ukwuu, ọbụlagodi ọtụtụ n'ime ihe dị mkpa maka mgbasa ozi bụ isi ọ na-ekwusi ike (na enweghị isi) na-ebo ebubo nnwere onwe na enweghị isi.
2. The Democratic Party's demoralization na guzo ala nke onwe ya na-aga n'ihu isi ka o mere n'ụzọ kwekọrọ na ya longstanding njirimara dị ka "akụkọ ihe mere eme nke abụọ kasị ịnụ ọkụ n'obi capitalist party." Ka ọ na-erule ọdịda nke 2010, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị Democrats na ndị na-eme ntuli aka nke onwe ha kwenyere na onye na-ede blọgụ na-aga n'ihu na onye edemede Les Leopold kwuru na "Obama emepụtabeghị mgbanwe ndị o kwere nkwa, ebe ọ na-anabata atumatu dị ka Bush's 'agha na ụjọ,' na Afghanistan. agha nke ha kpọrọ asị.” Maka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị na-akwado Democratic, mainstream Democratic liberalism enwebeghị nnukwu ike ibi ndụ n'okwu mgbasa ozi nke ezi uche dị na ya.11
Nsonaazụ ntuli aka sitere na ọdịda a dị egwu. N'oge ọtụtụ ndị America na-elegara ndị Democrats anya ka ha kwụsie ike n'ahịa ụlọ ma nyere aka ịmepụta ọrụ na akụ na ụba dara ada, Democratic Party na-amasị ndị na-akwado ụlọ ọrụ ya ama ama site n'ịkwado mkpa ọ dị ịhazi mmefu ego na ibelata mmemme ọdịmma ọha na eze na-ewu ewu dị ka. Nchekwa ọha. Na asọmpi midterm izugbe, ndị Democrats nwere ọdịda dị ukwuu na ntinye aka na ntuli aka n'akụkụ akụkụ nke ndị ntuli aka nke rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmeri ha na 2006 (Congressional) na 2008 (Congressional and President) okirikiri ntuli aka. Ezinụlọ ndị otu (nke kachasị Democratic) nwere pasenti 23 nke ndị ntuli aka na-arụsi ọrụ ike na 2006; na 2010 ha bụ pasent 17. Nkwado ha maka ndị na-eme ntuli aka Democratic House kwụsịrị site na 64 pasent na 2006 ruo pasent 60 na 2010. Ndị na-eto eto (18-29 afọ) bụ pasent 18 nke ndị ntuli aka na 2008, mgbe ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ n'ime ha hoputara Obama; N'afọ 2010, ha mebere naanị pasentị 11 nke ndị ntuli aka wee họpụta pasentị 56 ruo 40 maka ndị ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Democratic. Ndị ntuli aka ojii (pasent 90 Democratic na ntuli aka 2010) dara site na pasent 13 ruo 10 nke ndị ntuli aka n'etiti 2008 na 2010. N'ụzọ dị iche, ndị ntuli aka bụ ndị kwupụtara onwe ha dị ka "mgbanwe" mụbara òkè nke ndị ntuli aka na-arụsi ọrụ ike site na 32 ruo 41 pasent n'etiti 2006. na 2010. "Ndị Conservatives" nwere mmasị karị maka ndị na-eme ntuli aka GOP House na njedebe ikpeazụ karịa na 2006, mgbe pasent 74 nke ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa onwe ha kwadoro ndị Republican. Nọvemba gara aga, pasent 84 mere ya.[12] Ma nke a bụ ihe niile ọ were maka Republican Party nwere ume ma nwetaghachi aha ya - ihe m na-eji obere ọchị na-akpọ "Tea.OP" - iji kpochapụ na ntuli aka etiti oge, mgbe ntụgharị dị ntakịrị karịa n'oge anọ. agbụrụ nke gụnyere ntuli aka onye isi ala.
Ọ dịghị nnukwu "ngbanwe gaa n'aka nri" n'ime ọha mmadụ achọrọ ma ọ bụ mee. Dị ka onye nyocha aka ekpe Charlie Post na-ekwu, "Mgbanwe pasent 8 na ntuli aka ebe naanị 40% mere ntuli aka - ngbanwe nke ihe dịka pasent atọ nke ngụkọta ndị tozuru oke ntuli aka - akaụntụ maka mmeri ndị Republican."13
Mgbanwe kacha ọhụrụ nke Obama
Daalụ maka ọrụ Tea Party n'ịkwalite pseudoconservative[14] ultra-Republican base, mmekorita nke mgbasa ozi kachasị na-ere ihe nrụpụta Grand Old Party kachasị ọhụrụ (Tea Party), yana (nke ikpeazụ mana ọ bụghị obere) ọrụ dị oke egwu nke steeti- onye isi obodo Democratic Party na onye na-ebu ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ ya Barack Obama n'ịkwalite ọnụ ọgụgụ mba ahụ na-aga n'ihu na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ntuli aka dị ala, ndị Republican siri ike webatara n'ọtụtụ ikike na Houselọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya, bịarutere nso inweta ọtụtụ na Senate US wee weghara ọchịchị. nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ ndị gọvanọ na ụlọ omebe iwu steeti dị na ndịda, Midwest, na n'ofe obodo ahụ.
N'iji obi ụtọ nke ọtụtụ ndị nọ na klaasị azụmaahịa a ma ama, obi abụọ adịghị ya, ọtụtụ nkọwa mgbasa ozi "nke bụ isi" zara na ntuli aka akụkọ ihe mere eme site n'ịkwalite ahịrị jọgburu onwe ya nke etiti etiti Obama chịburu "oke aka ekpe" n'ime afọ abụọ mbụ ya. n'ike. Na-ekpo ọkụ n'obi nke isi obodo, Obama n'onwe ya mere otu ọzọ n'ime ọtụtụ "ngbanwe gaa n'aka nri" na nzaghachi na mmeri Tea Party Republican. N'ịzọrọ na "ndị America kwuru okwu" na mmeri ntuli aka nke Republican Tea Party nke Nọvemba 2010, Onye isi ala Obama mere ọtụtụ mmegharị ahụ gbakọrọ iji nweta nkwado sitere n'obi nke ndị egwuregwu azụmaahịa kacha elu. Ọ gara n'ihu n'ụkpụrụ ya nke ileghara anya na iwe iwe ya "ntọala" na-emesapụ aka na nke na-aga n'ihu site n'ịkwenye ịkwado mbelata ụtụ isi nke George W. Bush maka ndị ọgaranya karịa ụbọchị ọdịda anyanwụ mbụ ha nke 2010.[15] Ịnabata azụmahịa ụgha na Republican Tea Party na-azọrọ na ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na-akwụ ụgwọ "na-akwụ ụgwọ karịa" bụ ndị na-eduga n'azụ ịrị elu erughị eru gọọmentị na ndakpọ akụ na ụba, Obama nyere iwu ka ịkwụsị afọ abụọ na ụgwọ ọnwa na uru ndị ọrụ gọọmenti etiti.[16]. O bipụtara Op-Ed na akwụkwọ akụkọ plutocratic nke akwụkwọ akụkọ The Wall Street Journal - edemede nke toro "ịkeke ego n'ahịa efu" dị ka "ike kasịnụ maka ọganihu ụwa amatala") ma kwuo na gọọmentị na-etinyekarị "ibu na-enweghị ezi uche na ya". azụmahịa" nke nwere "mmetụta na-akụda mmụọ na uto na ọrụ." Ụda akwụkwọ akụkọ ya tụrụ aro na ọ bụghị ngbanwe neoliberal kpatara ndakpọ ego nke afọ 2008, kama ọ bụ iwu na ụkpụrụ gọọmentị niile jọgburu onwe ya nke na-egbochi mmepụta na uto.17
Obama bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ iwu na-akpọ oku ka gọọmentị nyochaa ụkpụrụ iji wepụ ma ọ bụ megharịa ndị ahụ echere na-egbochi azụmahịa. Ọ họpụtara JPMorgan Chase's William Daley - onye isi ndị nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ-globalist North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) n'okpuru Bill Clinton - ka onye isi ndị ọrụ ya. O tinyere Goldman Sachs' Gene Sperling (neoliberal ọzọ a ma ama) n'isi nke National Economic Council. Ọ kpatụrụ onye isi ala General Electric Jeffrey Immelt ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ọhụrụ ya " Council of President on Jobs and Competition ". Aha kansụl ọhụrụ a na-ezo aka kpọmkwem ọrụ ndị America na ịsọ mpi - ihe mere nhọpụta Immelt karịa ntakịrị ihe mgbagwoju anya: ebe ihe na-erughị ọkara ndị ọrụ ya na-arụ ọrụ na United States na ihe na-erughị ọkara uru ya na-abịa site na mmemme US, New York Times onye odeakụkọ. na Princeton economist Paul Krugman kwuru, "Akụ na ụba GE enwechaghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ọganihu US." 18
N'ikwekọ na mmegharị ziri ezi ndị a, ngwụcha Jenụwarị 2011 Obama State of the Union Address (SOTUA) kwuru na ọnụ ahịa ụtụ isi ụlọ ọrụ kacha elu n'ụwa na-akpa azụmahịa America nsogbu. Obama meghere ụzọ iji wedata ọnụego ahụ (ihe ndị Tea Party na Republican kwadoro), na-ekwu na ya nwere olile anya igbutu ya "na-agbakwunyeghị na ụkọ anyị." Ọ naghị enye obi ike, nnukwu mkpali akụ na ụba, mgbochi ịda ogbenye ma ọ bụ mmemme ọhaneze iji gboo oke enweghị ọrụ na ndakpọ akụ na ụba ka na-achụso ala ahụ afọ abụọ n'ime ọchịchị ya. Ma n'ihi mkpa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, mmasị echiche ma ọ bụ ha abụọ, Obama pụtara na ọ kwadoro olileanya ya maka mgbake akụ na ụba gbasaa (dị mkpa maka ohere ọ ga-eme ntuli aka) na-eme ka obi dị mma na ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa.
TEA Party v. SMART CAPITAL
Ihe niile dị mma n'ezie, n'ihe gbasara ndị ọchụnta ego US. Mana ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara dị otú ahụ ga-abụrịrị na-eche ugbu a ma (n'ụzọ megidere Mae West) enwere ike inwe nnukwu ihe dị mma. Ma eleghị anya, ha na-atụgharịkwa uche n'amamihe nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ochie: "Lezie anya ihe ị rịọrọ, ị nwere ike nweta ya."
Egwuregwu egwu egwu na imechi gọọmentị yana "mweghachite"
Nnukwu isi obodo dị njikere ịkwado "ezigbo populist" mgbe ọ na-ejere ọdịmma ha, n'ezie. Ọ na-akwado nkwado ikike maka mbelata ụtụ isi na ụlọ ọrụ na ndị ọgaranya, na-eweghachite ikike n'otu, mebie azụmahịa, na ibelata mmefu ọha. Mana kedu maka egwu Tea.OP na-ekwu ugboro ugboro iji weta mbelata draconian na gọọmentị etiti, na-eyi egwu imechi gọọmentị mba n'aha ọrụ mmefu ego? The Business Roundtable, nke na-anọchi anya nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ transnational, na-akwado ndammana oku ziri ezi maka mbelata miri emi na ụtụ isi ụlọ ọrụ. Mana ọ na-emegidesi ike “mgbalị ọ bụla imechi gọọmentị etiti ga-emebi ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ndị mebere ha. N'oge oku ogbako na March 30, 2011," Charlie Post na-akọ, "Ivan Seidenberg, Onye isi oche na CEO nke Verizon Communications na Onye isi oche nke Business Roundtable doro anya: 'Echeghị m na onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị isi oche ga-anabata mmechi gọọmentị. . Echere m na ị nwere ụdị nkwụsịtụ dị iche iche n'agbụ ọnụ ahịa, ụdọ ọkọnọ, na ọrụ gọọmentị anyị, n'ihi na enwere olileanya na a ga-ezere ya.'" Na Eprel 7, 2011, Post gbakwụnyere, Business Roundtable nyere ndị nta akụkọ a: " Anyị na-agba ndị nchịkwa na Congress ume ka ha kwenye na ngwọta mmefu ego nwere ezi uche n'oge iji zere nkwụsị gọọmentị. Mmechi ga-enwe nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma na nke a na-atụghị anya ya, gụnyere ịbawanye ejighị n'aka na imebi ọrụ azụmaahịa bụ isi nye ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. "[19]
"Ọbụna ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka na imechi gọọmentị n'ọnọdụ a na-ejighị n'aka," onye bụbu onye edemede Sunday Frank Rich kwuru na February gara aga n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga, bụ The New York Times, "bụ itinye ihe ize ndụ imebi mgbake nke mmalite." Ndị na-ebu amụma Goldman Sachs kwadoro ịdọ aka ná ntị bara ọgaranya bụ́ ndị gbakọrọ na mbelata mmefu ego ruru ijeri $60 ijeri austerity nke Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya Republican kwadoro ga-emebi atụmanya maka uto akụ na ụba.[20] N'ime akụkọ nzuzo nke Goldman Sachs kwadebere maka ndị ahịa ya, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ego nke Wall Street dọrọ aka ná ntị na mbelata mmefu nke Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya gafere n'etiti February 2011 ga-etinye "mkpụrụ ego mmefu ego" na akụ na ụba, na-ebelata ihe dị ka pasent abụọ nke nnukwu ego. ngwaahịa ụlọ.21
Ndị nọ n'ọchịchị na-eji Teabags dị ka isi
N'izu gara aga, onye ode akwụkwọ ego nke US Timothy Geithner gwara ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ n'ụlọ na mba ofesi na gọọmentị US enweghịzi ike iru ọrụ ya niile. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ndị Republican nọ na Congress na-egbochi omume gọọmentị etiti na-ewe oge iji bulie elu ụgwọ ya (ụgwọ kachasị nke Treasury na-ekwe ka ọ rụọ ọrụ), na-emebi ikike gọọmentị ịgbazinye ihe ọ chọrọ iji gaa n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ. Ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi Tea.OP na Houselọ ahụ na-ekwu ụgha na ọkwa USdebt bụ "ihe mberede mmefu ego" nke na-akpọ maka mbelata mmefu ego miri emi. Dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka Wall Street dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ ego (na mberede Marxist) Doug Henwood maara nke ọma, "Ọ dịghị ihe mere ị ga-eji tụọ ụjọ maka ọkwa ụgwọ US. Anyị nwere ụfọdụ nsogbu akụ na ụba, ma anyị abụghị Gris nke echi. Mwepu kwesịrị ibelata nke ọma n'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ yana Social Nche na Medicare agaghị eri anyị. " Enwere "melodramas" ole na ole ụgwọ n'ime akụkọ mmefu ego US gara aga, Henwood na-ekwu, na edozila ha niile n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya tupu nke dị ugbu a, nke ndị isi ụkọ ego abụghị "ihe e kere eke nke ụlọ ezumike" kama ugbu a. "Ụfọdụ ndị pụrụiche [n'ọnọdụ] nke ọchịchị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị… ndị na-eji teabags dị ka ihe mkpuchi isi…. Treasury nwere ike ịme egwuregwu ụfọdụ iji nọgide na-aga n'ihu ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa," ka Henwood na-adụ ọdụ. "Ma ọ bụrụ na nlele Social Security na-amalite bouncing - ma ọ bụ, nke ka njọ, ma ọ bụrụ na Treasury enweghị ike ịnọgide na-akwụ ụgwọ ọmụrụ nwa na agbụ ya - ọ ga-abụ nnukwu ọdachi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke akụ na ụba"[22] - ọ bụghị nke kacha nta maka nnukwu US, na metụtara zuru ụwa ọnụ isi obodo, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị operatives na-adịghị echefu eziokwu na ọbụna tupu Tea Party congressional Republicans tozuru oke megide George W. Bush na Henry Paulson mbụ Wall Street bailouts site 2 ka 1.
Oke mechiri emechi v. Ngwa ahịa na-agbanwe agbanwe
Immigrashọn bụ okwu ọzọ ebe ara Tii Party adabaghị mmasị nke ọtụtụ ndị nọ na klaasị capitalist na Republican Party. N'igosi oke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke ihe ngosi Tea Party na nchegbu akụ na ụba metụtara nke na-eme ka ọtụtụ n'ime egwu na iwe nke ndị mejupụtara ya, ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Tea Party nọ na iwu Arizona siri ike na-emegide ndị mbata ma na-amanye ụgwọ ndị yiri ya na steeti ndị ọzọ. . Ha na-akpọ maka ịlụ agha na ókèala US-Mexico, mbula ndị mmadụ, na mpụ nke ndị mbata na-enweghị akwụkwọ na mbula ndị mmadụ. Nke a abụghị ọnọdụ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Azụmahịa US, nke ndị otu ya gụnyere ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-adabere kpamkpam na ọrụ "mgbanwe" (dị ọnụ ala na enweghị obodo, enweghị ikike) nke ndị kwabatara na-enweghị akwụkwọ. Ụlọ Nzukọ ahụ esonyela na ACLU na otu ndị ruuru mmadụ n'ịgba aka n'iwu iwu Arizona. N'ihi na nke ya akụkụ nke Business Roundtable ewepụwo onwe ya si nri si mbata na ọpụpụ burukwa, na-egosipụta onwe ya kwuputara mmasị na "mbata na ọpụpụ mgbanwe" na-asọpụrụ nnukwu azụmahịa' mkpa maka "mgbanwe" zuru ụwa ọnụ oru onunu.
Ndị Republican Party tụfuru n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ntuli aka pụrụiche, oghere oche na New York's akụkọ ihe mere eme Republican 26th Congressional District nye Democrat Kathy Hochul ekele na akụkụ nke mbọ nke onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi Tea Party aha ya bụ Jack Davis. Otu onye na-emepụta ihe bara ọgaranya nke malitere dị ka Goldwater na Reagan Republican ma mesịa ghọọ onye Democrat n'ihi na ọ chere na GOP ejikọtaghị nchegbu ya na mmetụta ọjọọ nke ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche na atumatu "ahia n'efu" na-enwe na ndị ọrụ America, Davis nwetara 9. Pasent nke votu ahụ nwere mkpọsa nke kpọrọ oku maka mbula ndị mbata Latino na iziga ndị isi ojii n'ime obodo n'ọrụ ugbo US. (Ụlọ ọrụ Republican obodo ahụ tụrụ ụjọ mgbe Davis mere atụmatụ a na ntinye maka nhọpụta Republican na ntuli aka pụrụ iche). Ọtụtụ n'ime nkwado ya bụ onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi Republican bụ Jane Corwin, onye weghaara pasent 43 nke votu na pasent 47 nke Hochul. Corwin gbara aka site na oke enweghị mmasị nke atụmatụ Medicare nke Ryan, nke Hochul gbara ọsọ megide Corwin gbachitere nke ọma. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, Corwin nwere ike imeri ntuli aka pụrụ iche mana maka onye nativist Davis "Tea Party" na-agba ọsọ [23] - ihe ịrịba ama ọzọ, obi abụọ adịghị ya, maka nguzobe Republican na ihe omume Tea Party abụghị enweghị arụ ọrụ "populist".
Mkpesa ndị ọrụ Mass na-achọghị
Nnukwu ego abụghị enyi nke ọrụ ahaziri ahazi. Ọ na-akpọ maka nlọghachi nke otu ndị ọrụ ọha - ebe ikpeazụ nke ezigbo akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na US - ruo oge ụfọdụ ugbu a. Mana ndị isi obodo nwere ọgụgụ isi enweghị ike ile anya na ihu ọma na-emegide ndị otu na Koch na-akwado Tea Party Gọvanọ Scott Walker nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịhazi nnukwu, ịgbagharị, ngagharị iwe izu ise yana nnupụisi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-aga n'ihu metụtara ya (gụnyere mkpọsa icheta Walker). na ọtụtụ Republican legislators) na Madison, Wisconsin na gafee Midwest ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ na February na March nke 2011. Ọ na-adịghị efu on ọkaibe capitalists na Democratic na ndị ọzọ agafeghị oke Republican gọvanọ na-enwe ike inupụ azụ ọha oru ugwo, ụgwọ ọnwa, uru na ikike nkwekọrịta mkpokọta na-enweghị ịkpalite oke ọrụ yana ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-aga n'ihu na California, New York, Illinois na steeti ndị ọzọ. Kedu onye chọrọ ọgba aghara ọrụ nke ndị Mesaịa, onye ọchịchị-Plutocratic “populist right” mepụtara mgbe enwere ike nweta ebumnuche bụ isi nke ịhazi mmefu ego na azụ nke ndị ọrụ na ndị ogbenye na-enweghị mkpesa na nnupụisi nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-enweghị isi na ndị na-akpasu iwe dị ka Jerry Brown. na Andrew Cuomo? N'otu aka ahụ, nkwuputa agha nke Paul Ryan na Tea.O.P na mmemme Medicare na-ewu ewu bụ nke a na-ahụta n'ezie dị ka ihe na-akpasu iwe na mkpasu iwe site n'aka ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ nwere ọgụgụ isi na ndị na-etinye ego na ntuli aka.
Enwere ihe ndị ọzọ na "rancid populist" Tea Party ziri ezi na ndị isi azụmaahịa nwere ọgụgụ isi na ndị isi obodo na-ahụ ihe na-adịghị mma na adịghị arụ ọrụ. Ndị ọkachamara nke onye isi obodo nwere obere uru ma ọ bụ nkwanye ùgwù maka mmasị na-adịghị mma nke Tea Partiers maka ọmụmụ Obama si mba ofesi, maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ha na-emegide Arab, maka mwakpo mmekọahụ ha na-eme atụmatụ nne na nna na alụmdi na nwunye nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke, na maka ebubo na-akụda obi ha. (na-adịbeghị anya aka site Obama's paramilitary "bagging nke bin-Laden") na Obama dị nro na (na ọbụna, na paranoid nzuzu, jikọrọ ya na) Muslim iyi ọha egwu. Ndị isi obodo nwere obere ndidi maka ndị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, ndị na-acha ọcha na mba, ndị na-achọsi ike n'ókè, ndị na-edina ụdị onwe, ndị Islamophobes, na Akwụkwọ Nsọ na "ndị na-akwado iwu" nke ga-akụda gọọmentị etiti, mebie nlekọta ahụike na ezumike nka n'ihu, kpalite ọgba aghara ọrụ, yana n'ozuzu ya. na-emebi akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụlọ na nke ụwa ma karịa n'aha ịdọ aka ná ntị gbasara mmefu ego na ịhụ mba n'anya na-acha ọcha-constitutionalist. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe kpatara eji chụpụ akara ngosi Tea Party nke nzuzu Glenn Beck n'ọrụ oge mbụ ya na Fox News.
Anyị na-atụ anya ka ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi nke klaasị na-achị achị ga-eme akụkụ nke ha iji weghachi onye na-eguzosi ike n'ihe, ịdọ aka ná ntị, na onye na-eche nche nke ukwuu Obama na okwu White House nke abụọ. Ma eleghị anya, ka ọ gaa n'ihu onye isi, onye na-enweghị tii dị ka John Huntsman ma ọ bụ Mitt Romney n'ime mpaghara onye isi ala Republican. (Onye ọ bụla meriri nhọpụta onye isi ala Republican, otu ihe doro anya: Tea Party agwụla n'ihe gbasara atụmanya maka imeri ụlọ ọrụ kacha elu nke mba a na 2012. Nnyocha nyocha ọha nke May sitere na NBC na-achọpụta na nanị pasent 26 nke ndị America na-ewere onwe ha "ndị na-akwado" nke Tea Party, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ anọ ndị na-adịghị. Ọnụọgụ ndị a eleghi anya na ọ ga-agbanwe nke ukwuu n'ọdịnihu dị nso, n'ihi na nkwado ahụ agbagoro ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ ruo otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọha mmadụ kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala etiti 2010. Tea. Ndị otu ahụ nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe ike ịdọta ndị ntuli aka dị mkpa iji mee ka ndị ọ họọrọ banye na White House.)
Ime "ndị ikom" nke American ike atop mba unelected ọchịchị aka ike nke nnukwu ego n'ezie chọrọ imebi populace-na-na-na-na-na-na-atọ ụtọ ebe ndị ọgaranya na ndị dị ike na-ugbu a na-anụ ụtọ site na-eji dochie alaeze ukwu ọhụrụ uwe (Obama) na a de-stabilizing Tea Party. freak dị ka Sarah Palin ma ọ bụ Michelle Bachman (ma ọ bụ ọbụna enyi enyi Tea Party dị ka Mitch Daniels)? Uru ụlọ ọrụ arịgoro elu na imperial adventurism nwere karịa ka ọ dịrị ndụ n'okpuru Obama, ka emechara, ọbụlagodi na iri nde nde ndị America nkịtị US na-alụ ọgụ na enweghị nchekwa na enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'okpuru ọchịchị nke enweghị mkpụrụ obi, usoro uru na-egbu egbu. Ọ bụrụ na Gọvanọ Wisconsin bụ ihe atụ dabara adaba, ndị otu Tea Party nọ n'ikike onye isi na-akpalite ọgba aghara n'ụzọ ndị na-ejide ndị isi ochichi Democratic dị ka Obama adịghị eme. "The Tea Party" na ndị siri ike na-enwekarị ọrụ ha na-aga n'ihu na-arụ maka ndị na-ahụ maka ego na ụlọ ọrụ mgbe ọ na-abịa n'ichebe ndị ọchụnta ego site na iwu gọọmentị, ikike otu, ụtụ isi na-aga n'ihu, na ihe ndị yiri ya. Mana ndị na-achị achị adịghị mkpa n'ezie ihe anụ arụ siri ike dị ka Paul Ryan, Glenn Beck, Sean Hannity, Scott Walker na ụmụnna Koch ga-enye na njedebe nke ụbọchị. Ma, n'ezie, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị America na-eme, gụnyere ọbụna ọnụ ọgụgụ ziri ezi nke ndị votu ma mee ihe ọzọ na Tea Party n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga.
Akwụkwọ ọhụrụ Paul Street na Anthony DiMaggio Crashing the Tea Party: Mass Media and the Campaign to Remake American Politics (Paradigm, 2011) dị na http://www.paradigmpublishers.com/Books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=280225.
Ihe ndetu ngwụcha ahọpụtara
1 Maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ katoon yiri akụkọ ifo a, lee ọrụ mgbasa ozi onye ndu Tea Party John O'Hara: The New American Tea Party: The Counterrevolution Against Bailouts, Handouts, Reckless Spending, and More Taxes (New York: Wiley) , 2010).
2 Jane Mayer, “Ọrụ nzuzo: Ụmụnna Billionaire Ndị Na-ebuso Obama agha,” New Yorker, Ọgọst 30, 2010.
3 Gabriel Sherman, "Enyí na Green Room," New York Magazine, Mee 22, 2011 na http://nymag.com/print/?/news/media/roger-ailes-fox-news-2011-5/
4 Paul Street na Anthony DiMaggio, Crashing the Tea Party: Mass Media and the Campaign to Remake American Politics (Paradigm, 2011). Anyị anaghị egbochi echiche anyị nke ọrụ mgbasa ozi ụlọ ọrụ na Fox News. Anyị na-achọpụta na usoro mgbasa ozi "isi" dum na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ihe ngosi Tea Party na mgbọrọgwụ ya na akụkọ ifo mmegharị ya.
5 Maka mmalite nke ihe omume Tea Party nke oge a, lee Isi nke 2, “Ụwa tụgharịrị: Site na Tea Party Original ruo Masquerade dị ugbu a,” na Street na DiMaggio, Crashing the Tea Party.
6 Lee, dịka ọmụmaatụ, O’Hara, The New American Tea Party, 14, 16–17, 62, 80–81, 194–195.
7 Maka ihe ndị ọzọ gbasara mmekọrịta ndị a n'etiti Tea Party na mmasị ụlọ ọrụ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ, lee akwụkwọ Anthony DiMaggio na-abịanụ: The Rise of the Tea Party: Political Discontent and Corporate Media in the Age of Obama, nke sitere na Monthly Review Press na Septemba 2011.
8 Rick Ungar, 'The Tea Party RIP February 19, 2009 - April 15, 2011," Forbes na
http://blogs.forbes.com/rickungar/2011/04/27/the-tea-party-r-i-p-february-19-2009-april-15-2011/
9 CBS/New York Times, “Polling the Tea Party: Ndị Ha Bụ na Ihe Ha Kwere,” New York Times, Eprel 14, 2010, na www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/04/14/us/politics/20100414 -tea-party-poll-graphic.html#tab=4. Dị ka Rick Ungar si kwuo n'ime ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa dị ala karịa Forbes. Atụmatụ Ryan akụwo mkpụrụ nke ụfọdụ ajụjụ ndị siri ike na ndị na-agaghị ekwe omume n'uche ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ụlọ ọrụ Tea Party duhieworo, sị: “A sị na ndị ọgaranya ha na-akwado ji ha mee ihe dị ka itinye ego na-ezighị ezi n'atụmatụ iwetu ụtụ isi ọbụna n'ihu n'ihi na ndị chọrọ ya kacha nta na-eri nke ndị nyere ha iguzosi ike n'ihe na-akpata?… na-akwado ga-eche ma ọ bụrụ na Tea Party nwere n'amaghị ama -na n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya- kere ọchịchị dị ka onye iro site n'ịhọpụta ndị ga-ewepụ Medicare na ikike ndị ọzọ bụ akụkụ nke ọgbụgba ndụ ọdịnala na nke mba anyị nke ndị Tea Partiers na-adabere na nke ọ bụla dịka anyị ndị ọzọ - na ihe niile ka ha wee nwee ike ikwe ka billionaires na ndị ọzọ nwere ike ị nweta ndị lobbyists dị ọnụ ahịa ka ha debe ọtụtụ n'ime ha. ego…” Ungar, “The Tea Party RIP”
10 Maka nyocha miri emi nke mmeri nke Tea Party na ọrụ na mmeri Republican nke afọ 2010, lee Isi nke 7 nke akpọrọ “Ntuliaka 2010” na Paul Street na Anthony DiMaggio, Crashing the Tea Party: Mass Media na Mgbasa Ozi Remake American Politics ( Paragraf, 2011).
11 Leo Leopold, “Obama abụghị FDR, Anyị abụghị ngagharị ngagharị,” Huffington Post, Febụwarị 10, 2010, na www.huffingtonpost.com/les-leopold/obama-is-no-fdr-were-no-m_b_457452 .html; Lance Selfa, "Na-akwado maka nlọghachi Republican?" Nlebanya Socialist mba ụwa (September–October 2010), 1–2.
12 Karlyn Bowman, "Ihe ndị ntuli aka kwuru n'ezie na ụbọchị ntuli aka," onye America (November 16, 2010), na-ehota ntuli aka ọpụpụ CBS na http://www.american.com/archive/2010/november/what-the-voters- n'ezie-kwuru-na-nhoputa-ụbọchị; Street na DiMaggio, Crashing the Tea Party, Isi nke 7.
13 Biputere, "Gịnị kpatara nsogbu akụ na ụba nke Capitalist ji rite uru na ikike na US?"
14 Okwu ahụ bụ "mgbanwe" kwesịrị nrụtụ aka mgbe ọ bịara n'ịkọwa US ugbu a. Dị ka Sheldon Wolin si kwuo afọ atọ gara aga, "Ụdị àgwà nke Republican Party na-egosipụta mgbanwe dị ukwuu: radicalism agbanweela ọnọdụ ya na ihe ọ pụtara. N'oge gara aga, e jikọtara ya na ndị ekpe na iji ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-ebi ndụ ụkpụrụ nke ibi ndụ atụmanya ndụ nke klaasị dị ala, nke ndị na-enweghị isi n'okpuru ụkpụrụ nkesa ugbu a. Radicalism ugbu a bụ ihe onwunwe nke ndị, n'ụzọ doro anya, na-akpọ onwe ha 'conservative' na ndị na-akọwa mgbasa ozi na-akpọ ya. N'ezie, pseudoconservatism bụ onye na-ahụ maka ma nwee ikike ndị na-eme mgbanwe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu, n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọnọdụ ndụ mmadụ, nke akụ na ụba, nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, amụma mba ọzọ, agụmakwụkwọ, na atụmanya maka ụwa. O siri ike iche n'echiche ike ọ bụla ga-esikwu ike na mkpebi ya imezi uru ọha mmadụ nwere na narị afọ gara aga.” Sheldon Wolin, Democracy Incorporated: Ọchịchị Democracy jisiri ike na Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton university Press, 2008), 206.
15 Nick Wing, "Rep. Gary Ackerman: Nkwekọrịta mbelata ụtụ bụ GOP's 'Wet Dream Act,'” Huffington Post (December 9, 2010) na http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/12/09/gary-ackerman-wet-dream-act_n_794374.html ; D. Herszenhorn na SG Stolberg, "Obama na-agbachitere nkwekọrịta ụtụ isi, mana ndị otu ya na-emegide ndị iro," New York Times, Disemba 8, 2010, A1; Paul Krugman, "Nkwekọrịta njide Obama," New York Times, Disemba 9, 2010, na http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/10/opinion/10krugman.html?_r=1&ref=todayspaper
16 Paul Krugman, “Olileanya Na-ekpo ọkụ,” New York Times, Disemba 2, 2010 na http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/03/opinion/03krugman.html?ref=paulkrugman; Peter S. Goodman, "Nkọwa ụgha nke Obama maka nsogbu: oke iwu," Huffington Post (January 18, 2011) na
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/18/obamas-bogus-explanation-regulation_n_810262.html
17 Barack Obama, "N'ebe usoro nchịkwa nke narị afọ nke 21st;" Akwụkwọ akụkọ Wall Street, Jenụwarị 18, 2011 na http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703396604576088272112103698.html; Goodman, "Nkọwa ụgha nke Obama."
18 Paul Krugman, “Ụgha Asọmpi,” New York Times, Jenụarị 24, 2011; Paul Street, "State (nke) Ụjọ isi obodo: echiche tupu na mgbe Obama State of the Union Address," ZNet (January 28, 2011) na https://znetwork.org/state-of-capitalist-absurdity-reflections-before -na-mgbe-obama-s-ala-nke-otu-okwu-site-paul-street; Patrick Martin, "Obama Depụtara nri-Wing, Pro-Corporate Agenda in State of the Union Speech," World Socialist Web Site, January 26, 2011); Glen Ford, "Ogbe nkasi obi Obama: Eze nke imekọ ihe ọnụ," Black Agenda Report, Jenụwarị 12, 2011, na http://www.blackagendareport.com/?q=content/obama%E2%80%99s-comfort-zone- king-collaboration).Some Obama Fans toro nhọpụta Immelt n'ihi na, ha kwuru, ọ na-anọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ngwá ahịa n'ezie kama ịbụ naanị onye na-eme ihe na-adịghị mma nke akwụkwọ, akụnụba ego. Mana otuto a bụ ihe ọchị, ebe ọ bụ na, dị ka Krugman kwuru, GE, n'ezie "na-enweta ego sitere na ọrụ ego ya karịa ka ọ na-enweta site n'ichepụta."
19 Azụmahịa Roundtable, Ịtụ Ụtụ Isi n'Ụlọ Ọrụ America n'Ahịa Ụwa Nile: Okwu maka mgbanwe ụtụ isi ụlọ ọrụ (April 2011) [http://businessroundtable.org/uploads/studies-reports/downloads/Taxing_American_Corporations_in_the_Global_Marketplace.pdf]; Azụmahịa Roundtable, "BRT weputara nkeji mbụ nke 2011 CEO Economic Outlook Survey Media Conference Call Transcript" (March 30, 2011) [http://businessroundtable.org/news-center/brt-releases-first-quarter-2011-ceo-economic -ele anya-nyocha-media-conferenc/; na Business Roundtable, "Nkwupụta nke azụmahịa Roundtable na a ga-ekwe omume mmechi ọchịchị" (April 7, 2011)http://businessroundtable.org/uploads/news-center/downloads/Business_Roundtable_Statement_on_a_Potential_Government_Shutdown.pdf], niile e hotara na "Biputere na" Gịnị kpatara nsogbu akụ na ụba nke Capitalist ji rite uru na ikike na US? "
20 Jonathan Karl, “Goldman Sachs: Mbelata mmefu ụlọ ga-emebi uto akụ na ụba,” Ihe ndetu (ABC News), February 23, 2011 na http://blogs.abcnews.com/thenote/2011/02/goldman-sachs-house- mbelata-emefu-ga-emerụ-akụnụba-uto.html. Hụ kwa Paul Krugman, “Otu esi egbu mgbake,” New York Times, Maachị 3, 2011,
21 Kari, "Goldman Sachs."
22 Doug Henwood, "Kedu ihe mberede gbasara mmefu ego?" Pụrụ iche nye CNN (Mee 20, 2011) na http://www.cnn.com/2011/OPINION/05/20/henwood.debt.ceiling/index.html
23 New York Times, Isiokwu Times: "Jack Davis (emelitere May 25, 2011)" na http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/d/jack_davis/index.html; Jerry Zremski, "Okwu Davis Shock GOP Leaders," BuffaloNews.com (March 15, 2011) na http://www.buffalonews.com/topics/chris-lee/special-election/article367437.ece; Raymond Hernandez, “Democrat meriri oche GOP; Ahụrụ mba na atụmatụ Medicare, New York Times, Mee 24, 2011; Mary Kate Cary, "Ndị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na-agbapụta nsonaazụ ntuli aka pụrụ iche nke New York," Akụkọ US na World Report, Politcs (May 27, 2011) na http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/mary-kate-cary/2011/ 05/27/ ndị kwuo uche-na-agbapụta-ọhụrụ-york-pụrụ iche-nhọpụta-nhoputa; Associated Press, "Democrat Kathy Hochul meriri ntuli aka pụrụ iche maka mpaghara Congressional 26th nke New York," Syracuse.com (Mee 24, 2011) na http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2011/05/democrat_wins_special_election.html.
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