Ngalaba na-ahụ maka nchekwa na-adị ka ọ na-eche ihe isi ike nke ibuso ndị mmadụ agha mgbe ọ na-ekwusi ike na ọ na-eme ya n'aha ndị bi na ya. Mana ọ dị mma na ịghara iche ihe isi ike a ihu naanị. Ewupụtala ma tinye ọtụtụ akwụkwọ iji jikwaa na kwalite njem nlegharị anya ya nke ọma n'asụsụ nke ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi ya nwere ike inye aka na ọha mmadụ nwere ike ikwugharị. Mgbe US wakporo South Vietnam, otu akwụkwọ ndị dị otú ahụ bịara na mmepe nke "usoro mgbochi mgbochi" nke tụlere ụzọ ha ga-esi dị ka steeti ''nọọrọ onwe'' ebe ndị obodo na-eyi egwu itinye aka na gọọmentị ha. Mgbe “mgbochi ọgụ†malitere inwe mkpakọrịta na-adịghị mma na ọnwụ nke ọtụtụ nde ndị a chịkọtara ya, okwu na-arị elu nke "ihe nchebe ime obodo nke mba ọzọ" na n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, usoro ndị ọzọ dị mma nke "nchekwa nke ime na nkwụsi ike". € iji kwupụta itinye aka na mba ofesi.
Na Iraq, ebe “nchekwa†na “nkwụsi ike†ezughị oke iji kọwaa ọrụ US, asụgharịgharịla asụsụ “mgbochi ọgụâ€. N'oge ogbunigwe na mbuso agha nke Fallujah na-aga n'ihu n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole gara aga, ndị isi mgbasa ozi US egosila na ha nwere ike hazie usoro mkparịta ụka ahụ. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ dị ka otu ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị US kwadoro n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, “mwa ọgba agharaâ€â€”“obere otu ndị agha nwere echiche na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abanye na steeti iji merie ndị ya wee weghara ókèala yaâ€(1)â€(2)†"Enwere ike ihie ụzọ maka ndị gbara bọmbụ ma wakpo obodo ahụ karịa ndị Iraqis nọ na ya, na nkwupụta Mr. Rumsfeld mgbe ndị agha US nọchibidoro Fallujah na "ọ dịghị ọchịchị nwere ike ikwe ka ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na ndị agha mba ọzọ jiri ala ya mee ihe. wakpoo ndi ya na ibuso ochichi ya agha, na imenye ndi Iraq egwu"(3) nwere ike ighota na o bu ihe njo, zere mmejọ ọ bụla. Kama, ndị isi mgbasa ozi anyị ejirila ọnụ na-akọwa mbuso agha nke Fallujah dị ka New York Times mere: “Mgbe naanị ọnwa atọ ga-aga maka ntuli aka onye kwuo uche mbụ nke mba ahụ, ndị ọrụ America na Iraq na-achọpụta ngwa ọrụ ọ bụla n'iwu ha weta. Ọgba aghara a na-achịkwa.â€(4) N'agbanyeghi na nkwuputa nhoputa ndi ochichi yiri ka ọ bụ nzaghachi, ma kọọkwara ya n'ọtụtụ ebe "Ebumnobi a na-ekwu maka mbuso agha ahụ ka na-enweghị mgbagha. Ewezuga otu akụkọ akụkọ, Ọzọkwa, onyinye maka udo na-adabere na "oké ọchịchọ" ka ndị agha US nọgide na ntọala n'oge ụbọchị ntuli aka Iraqi enweghị akụkọ kpamkpam.(XNUMX)
Mkparịta ụka ọ bụla abanyebeghị na mpaghara enweghị ike ikwu nke ntinye aka US gara aga na Fallujah. Enweghị aha na nguzogide ngwa agha na Fallujah malitere naanị mgbe ndị agha US gbasasịrị igwe mmadụ ndị nkịtị, gbuo iri na asaa ma merụọ ihe dị ka iri asaa ọzọ,(5) n'ihe nke mbụ kọwara dị ka "ihe kwesịrị ekwesị"(6)"ikekwe. n'ihi na “atụmatụ mmebi iwu dị n'ime oke ikike,†ihe ziri ezi nyere maka ogbunigwe e mechara gbuo obodo ahụ gburu iri abụọ. Mwakpo US na nso nso a na Fallujah n'April. Edemede New York Times ewepụtara na US weghara Fallujah General Hospital (7) (nke dị ka mkpuchi US niile, enweghị mmasị na ọkwa ụlọ ọgwụ Fallujah ọzọ ụbọchị abụọ tupu (8)), dịka ọmụmaatụ, kwuru naanị na A na-ewere ụlọ ọgwụ dị ka ebe mgbaba maka ndị nnupụisi na ebe mgbasa ozi megide ndị agha jikọrọ aka na-emeghị ka kernel nke mgbasa ozi dị otú ahụ pụta ìhè: akụkọ ndị dọkịta banyere ojiji ndị agha US bọmbụ ụyọkọ, agbapụ ụgbọ ihe mberede na ndị nkịtị, na mpụ agha metụtara ya. Sadiq Zoman na ndị ọzọ na-enwe nkụda mmụọ n'ụkpụrụ mbelata na nlekọta ahụike US.(11)
Kama eduzila nlebara anya n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ na-ekwe nkwa nke mbuso agha ahụ. Dị ka nkọwa akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times na foto onye agha dị njikere imepe ọkụ kwuru na Nọvemba 9, "Ichekwa ogige omenala islam na Falluja bụ otu ebumnuche ndị mmiri mmiri taa." (12) N'otu akụkọ ahụ, N'ihe a na-ahụkarị na mkpuchi isi US, e nyere ndị Iraq aka na ntinye aka na mwakpo ahụ: "Maka omenala, anyị chere na ọ ka mma ka ndị Iraqis nyochaa ụlọ alakụba," General Metz kwuru. na Iraq, na-agbakwụnye na ndị agha Iraq achọtawo ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ngwá agha n'ime ụlọ alakụba dị n'ime obodo ahụ.††N'ezie, onyinye ndị dị otú ahụ— n'ụdị ndị agha obodo na ndị otu ndị ọrụ nchekwa nke gọọmentị US mepụtara ma kwadoo. "dịla mkpa maka ebumnuche ndị agha US na mba ofesi. Dị ka ndị agha US bufere ndị agha Iraq, ndị mgbasa ozi US wepụrụ olu Iraqi dị ka nkwado zuru oke nke mbuso agha ahụ. Otu akụkọ ahụ sitere na New York Times na-akọwa ihe ọ ga-adị ka ihe Iraq na-edu: “Na Baghdad na Mọnde, Dr. Allawi kwupụtara na ya enyela ikike maka ọrụ ahụ. "Enyela m ndị agha mba ụwa ikike m," ka o kwuru na nnọkọ akụkọ n'ime ogige ahụ e wusiri ike nke nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti Iraq. "Anyị kpebisiri ike ikpochapụ Falluja nke ndị na-eyi ọha egwu." Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times ọzọ na-atụle nhụsianya nke nzaghachi Iraq maka nnọchibido nke Fallujah n'ime etiti nke na-emepe na enweghị nkwenye doro anya (“Ndị Sunni a ma ama na mba ahụ. Otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kwuru taa na ọ na-apụ na gọọmentị Iraq nwa ogeâ€) wee mechie azịza Iraq (“‘Ọ dịghị onye kwadoro iji ike eme ihe, mana nsogbu bụ na ị chọrọ ọchịchị n'akụkụ niile nke Iraq. "[Mazị Hassani] kwuru, sị, "Anụbeghị m ka ndị otu ọ bụla wepụtara otu echiche na anyị nwere ike dozie nsogbu ndị a na ebe ndị a n'ejighị ike."(13)
Akụkọ Dahr Jamail, n'ụzọ dị iche, egosila nzaghachi Iraqi bụ ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya. "Ndị Falluja nwere ikike ịlụ ọgụ maka obodo ha, n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na ndị America na-awakpo obodo ha, ha aghaghị ịgbachitere ya," Nisan al-Samarra’i, onye dị afọ 55 kwuru. onye na-ere ahịa na mpaghara Karrada nke Baghdad, na-egosipụta ọtụtụ ihe ekwuru na Baghdad. N'ikwu okwu n'ọnọdụ amaghị aha ya na Al-Quds Press, kwuru, sị, "Ndị agha US agbasiwo kemịkalụ na ikuku akwara na ndị agha na-eguzogide, na-eme ka ha dị egwu na ọnọdụ na-agbawa obi." Akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị agha na-eguzogide na mpaghara Golan. Fallujah na Al-Quds kwuru, sị, "Ụfọdụ ndị bi na Fallujah agbachapụla ọgwụgwọ site na gas na-egbu egbu." Na-agbakwunye ntụkwasị obi na nkwupụta ahụ, US kwetara n'August gara aga maka iji napalm na Iraq n'oge mbuso agha nke mba ahụ. , nke bụ ngwa agha amachibidoro n'ụwa niile.â€(14) Otu n'ime ndị Dahr gbara ajụjụ ọnụ bụ Ahmed Abdulla, nwa akwụkwọ dị afọ 15 nke ndị agha US ekweghị nna ya ịpụ na Fallujah dị ka ndị nkịtị ndị ọzọ niile nke â €œafọ ọgụ,†onye kọwara na “ụlọ ahịa agbagoro ọbụna bọmbụ; ozu ndị nwere ogwe aka na ụkwụ ndị tọgbọrọ n'akụkụ ha ka a na-awụgharị n'akụkụ ụzọ n'ebe obere oge bọmbụ ndị ahụ dakwasịrị, "nke ọ gbakwụnyere, "M ka na-enweghị isi ísì nke ozu ga-ahapụ m." €(21) Onye isi ndị agha mmiri na Iraq kwuru taa, ikekwe na nzaghachi, na "anyị na-agafe obodo ugbu a. Anyị na-ekpochapụ akpa ndị na-eguzogide.â€(16) Ọ gwara akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times, akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe ndekọ, na “o kwesịrị ịdaba n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme.†Akụkọ ihe mere eme, o yiri ka ọ dị. gbochiri obere ihe karịa ozu ndị Iraq tọhapụrụ n'ụkwụ ya.
Enwere ike ịnweta Omar Khan na [email protected]
(1) Center for Humanitarian Dialogue, “Ụlọ ọrụ na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka na ndị na-alụso ọgụ ọgụ,†Hugo Slim, Julaị 2004.
(2) Ngalaba mgbasa ozi nke United States, Mọnde, Nọvemba 8, 2004, 2:02 ehihie. Oge Ọwụwa Anyanwụ.
(3) “U.S. Ndị agha malitere ịkwaga Falluja,†Richard A. Oppel Jr. na Robert Worth, Nọvemba 7, 2004.
(4) “Agụ dị nso, ndị Sunnis Iraqi na-enye onyinye,†Washington Post, Karl Vick, Nọvemba 6, 2004.
(5) Akụkọ bọọlụ Human Rights Watch mere emechara nwere ike ịhụ “enweghị ihe akaebe siri ike†na agbagbuola ndị agha US. http://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/iraqfalluja/Iraqfalluja-04.htm#TopOfPage
(6) Ọnụ Ụzọ Ámá San Francisco, Nọvemba 24, 2003.
(7) “Mgbu US na Fallujah gburu 20,†Washington Post, Edward Cody, Jun 20, 2004.
(8) â€Ebumnobi izizi nke iwe bụ ụlọọgwụ,†The New York Times, Richard Oppel Jr., Nọvemba 8, 2004.
(9) “US gbagburu ụlọ ọgwụ Rase Falluja,†Akụkọ BBC, Nọvemba 6, 2004.
(10) Lee Dahr“Mmekome na-aga n'ihu na-esi na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Fallujah pụta,†Mee 11, 2004. http://dahrjamailiraq.com/weblog/archives/dispatches/000027.php
(11) “Ejidere, Bludgeoned na Electrocuted n'ime Coma,†Jenụwarị 7, 2004. http://www.dahrjamailiraq.com/weblog/archives/dispatches/000066.php
(12) “American Forces Reach Center of Falluja Amid Fierce Fighting, New York Times, Dexter Filkins na James Glanza, Nọvemba 9, 2004.
(13) “Falluja Assault Roils Iraqi Politics,†New York Times, Edward Wong, Nọvemba 9, 2004.
(14) “Mkpebi nke nnọchibido Falluja na Baghdad ka ime ihe ike na-abawanye n'ofe Iraq,†Inter Press Service, Dahr Jamail, Nọvemba 7.
(15) "Ka ogbugbu na-aga n'ihu na Fallujah, iwe na-agbawa na Baghdad," Open Democracy, Dahr Jamail, Nọvemba 11.
(16) “Mmụọ nke Fallujah pụtara,†Sunday Morning Herald, Dahr Jamail, Nọvemba 12.
(17) “Ndị ọgba aghara kpụkọrọ akpụkọ na Falluja; Ndị otu nta ka na-eguzogide,†New York Times, Dexter Filkins na Robert F. Worth, Nọvemba 14, 2004.
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