Nkwekọrịta nke ọchịchị aka ike abụọ bịanyere aka na ya n'oge ọjọọ nke 1970s South America na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume Paraguay irite uru site na ọgbọ ọkụ eletrik ya.
Site na ike ike na ọkwa nsogbu na Brazil, Argentina na Uruguay, ndị Paraguay na-achọ mgbanwe dị egwu na ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik ha na-ere na Brazil.
A 1973 nkwekọrịta agha Paraguay na-enye Brazil niile ejibeghi ọkụ eletrik si ya 50% òkè nke mmepụta si Bi-national Itaipú Dam na a obere mgbe ahụ ahịa price maka afọ iri ise. Ugbu a Brazil na-eji 95% nke ọkụ eletrik na Paraguay naanị 5%. Paraguay Dictator Alfredo Stroessner (1954-1989) meriri nkwekọrịta ahụ na Onye Ọchịchị Ọchịchị Brazil Mario Garrastazú Medici (1969-1974) n'oge enweghị ntinye ma ọ bụ njikwa nwa amaala ga-ekwe omume.
Ndị Paraguay na-ekwu na nsogbu ahụ yiri ọwa mmiri Panama ebe n'okpuru nrụgide na-ezighị ezi Panama nyefere United States nchịkwa nke ọwa mmiri ahụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi. Na n'ụzọ yiri mkpebi nke United States iweghachi ọbụbụeze na Panama, Paraguay na-arịọ Brazil ka ha kwurịtaghachi nkwekọrịta na-ezighị ezi site n'oge gara aga.
Achọ ka Paraguay kwụọ ụgwọ maka ọkụ eletrik ya ghọrọ isi okwu n'oge ntuli aka onye isi ala Paraguay nke Eprel 20 na nso nso a bụ nke mere ka ndị otu Colorado Party na-achị chụpụrụ n'ọchịchị onye isi ala na nke mbụ n'ime afọ 61.
Gọọmenti ọhụrụ a họpụtara, nke onye bụbu Bishọp Fernando Lugo na-achị ugbu a na-atụgharị mbọ ya iji mee ka nkwa mkpọsa ha kwenye na ha ga-enweta mkparita uka nke nkwekọrịta 1973. Ha na-ekwu na nloghachi ziri ezi na Brazil iji akụkụ ọkụ eletrik nke Paraguay na-ejighị ya mee ihe ga-abụ ihe dị ka ijeri $2 kama ego a na-enweta ugbu a bụ nde $300 na ụgwọ eze na ịkwụ ụgwọ. Ọchịchị Lugo na-abata na-achọkwa nkwekọrịta ka mma site na mmiri mmiri mmiri Argentine-Paraguayan Yacyretá nke na-ebute ihe dị ka nde $100 na ego.
Nkwekọrịta na-ezighị ezi sitere n'oge gara aga
Ọrụ mgbochi mmiri abụọ ahụ malitere n'okpuru ọchịchị Stroessner Dictatorship nke nwere ebumnuche ya bụ isi na-erite uru n'ọrụ owuwu ahụ. Mpaghara ókè-ala Brazil, Argentina na Paraguay nwetara okpukpu atọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya ebe ọchịchị aka ike abụọ ahụ wuru mmiri mmiri mmiri kacha ukwuu n'ụwa (nwere ike ị nweta oke nke 14,000 megawatts kwa elekere).
Nrụrụ aka na-abụ otu ihe mgbe niile na ọrụ mgbochi mmiri na Paraguay Human Rights Activist Martin Almada gwara ndị Paraguay kwa ụbọchị ABC Agba n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, na mpụ na-aga n'ihu na ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ewu ihe mgbochi mmiri. Almada na-akpọ oku maka nyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nrụrụ aka Paraguay nke metụtara ihe ọjọọ ahụ n'ime afọ iri atọ gara aga. Ọ kpọwo Itaipú Treaty Stroessner "nhụhụ kacha mma." 1,2.
Ọrụ ndị ahụ jọgburu onwe ha na-aga n'obi ọrụ nke ọchịchị aka ike nke ka na-emetụta Paraguay taa.
Na mbụ, Onye isi ala Brazil Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva ekwupụtala na nkwekọrịta ahụ, nke na-aga ruo 2023, agaghị enwe mkparịta ụka ọzọ mana o kwere nkwa ikwu maka ụdị ụgwọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ na Paraguay. Malite n'August 16, ndị Paraguay na ndị Brazil ga-amalite mkparịta ụka nkịtị.
Na mbụ Brazil ejirila ọnụego ọkụ eletrik na ọmụrụ nwa dị n'ụgwọ - mgbe ụfọdụ na-efu Paraguay. N'afọ 1986, e debere ọnụego ọkụ eletrik n'okpuru ọnụ ahịa mmepụta nke na-eweta ụgwọ $ 4 ijeri nke Paraguay chere na Brazil kwesịrị ịkwụ ya. Na 1997, na-eche nsogbu akụ na ụba ihu na nso ọdịda akụ na mmiri, Brazil kwenye Onye isi ala Paraguay Juan Carlos Wasmosy (1993-1998) iji bulie mmasị na ụgwọ mmiri mmiri nke Brazil ma mejuputa ndenye dollar. Ndozigharị ahụ gụnyere ijeri $ 4 wee weta mmụba na ụgwọ nke ihe dị ka ijeri $6. Mkpebi ahụ ka na-eweta oku maka ikpe ikpe. Ngụkọta ụgwọ ji ụlọ ọrụ Electrobras nke Brazil ruru ijeri $20. 3.
Paraguay choro ọbụbụeze n'elu ọkụ eletrik
N'afọ 2005, Brazil tụgharịrị ụzọ wee mee obere mgbanwe na usoro ya maka ịgbakọ ọnụ ahịa ike wee wedata mmasị na ụgwọ ahụ nke kwalitere obere ego Paraguay. Na ngbanwe nke ndetu diplomatic, Brazil na Paraguay guzobere mmemme mmefu mmekọrịta ọha na eze $30 kwa afọ maka Paraguay.
Mgbanwe nke 2005 bụ mmalite mgbanwe. Mana enweghị nchịkwa nzuko omeiwu Paraguay na mmemme mmefu mmekọrịta ọha na eze ngwa ngwa butere ebubo na igwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Colorado weghaara ya. Na ọnụ ahịa ike na-arị elu, ndị Paraguay anaghị eche na ọ ga-akwụ ụgwọ zuru oke.
Ricardo Canese, onye otu pati Tekojoja aka ekpe, nke nyere aka n'ịkwalite Lugo n'ọkwa, bụ onye na-ebute ụzọ na mgbasa ozi mba nke ezubere iji kpọkọta ndị Paraguay ka ha chọọ ọnụahịa ka mma maka ike ọkụ eletrik ha.
Canese kwuru na e nwere isi okwu abụọ: Ọnụahịa nke ọkụ eletrik na njikwa nke Itaipú Dam Bi-national Corporation. Nsogbu ndị yiri ya dịkwa na ọrụ Yacyretá.
"Ihe bụ isi bụ inwe ọnụ ahịa ziri ezi. Na a ghaghị ịgbakọ ya dịka ụgwọ ọrụ ohere, ọnụ ahịa nke nnọchi, ọnụahịa ahịa nke ike. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na a na-eji gas sitere n'okike nke Bolivia ma ọ bụ mmanụ ala dochie ike Brazil ike. A ghaghị iji dochie ike ahụ iji gbakọọ uru bara uru maka Paraguay," Canese kwuru. Ugbu a Paraguay na-enweta $2.81 otu megawatt maka ọkụ eletrik ebe ahịa n'ùkwù na Brazil na-ere ọkụ eletrik na $80 kwa elekere megawatt. Brazil na-ebupụkwa ọkụ eletrik na Uruguay na Argentina. 4.
Paraguay ga-achọkwa ikwu okwu buru ibu na njikwa nke Itaipú Corporation yana mejuputa njikwa ego ka ukwuu.
"Itaipú bụ 50% Brazil, 50% Paraguay na tiori ma na omume ọ bụghị. Brazil na-achịkwa ihe niile kemgbe mmalite na 1976, "ka Canese kwuru. Brazil na-achịkwa ụlọ ọrụ ego, ụlọ ọrụ nchịkwa izugbe na ụlọ ọrụ nka nke na-achịkwa ọgbọ ike, o kwuru.
Ndị Brazil boro ebubo na mkpọsa iji bulie ọnụ ahịa ọkụ eletrik ezighi ezi na nkwekọrịta ahụ karịrị Paraguay n'ihi na Brazil na-akwụ $ 2.81 kwa elekere megawatt mana ọ na-akwụkwa $ 36 ọzọ kwa elekere megawatt na Itaipú Corporation iji kwụọ ụgwọ fọdụrụnụ. Mmeghachi omume na Brazil ebe ọnụego ọkụ eletrik na-arị elu siri ike.
Onye bụbu onye isi ala Brazil José Sarney (1995-1990) weghaara agbachitere nkwekọrịta ahụ na kọlụm ya na Jornal do Brazil. Ọ gbakwụnyere, "Brazil na-eche oke iro ihu nke nwere ihe mkpali na-enweghị isi na populist," ka ọ gbakwụnyere. Ebe ọ bụ na Brazil nwetara ego maka owuwu mmiri mmiri ahụ ebe Paraguay na-enye ala na mmiri, gọọmentị Paraguay batara n'ọrụ ọjọọ ahụ maka "naanị otu mgbanwe mgbanwe", o kwuru, na ọ ga-abụ ọkara onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ ijeri $ 30 mgbe a kwụrụ ụgwọ ahụ. gbanyụọ. 5,6.
Olileanya na Lula ga-eme nke ọma na akụkọ ihe mere eme ezighi ezi
Joao Pereira, onye isi nke South America Office nke Brazil Foreign Ministry, buru amụma Fernando Lugo ga-ahụ onwe ya n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma maka mkpọsa ntuli aka ya na-ekwe nkwa ịgbanwe nkwekọrịta ahụ ma "a dụrụ ya ọdụ nke ọma" ka ọ jikọta ọnụahịa ọkụ eletrik na ọnụ ahịa nke ọnụahịa. mmanụ.
Pereira gwara ndị omebe iwu nke Brazil na Onye isi ala Elect Lugo egosipụtala "enweghị nghọta miri emi banyere ajụjụ Itaipú."
Jorge Samek, onye njikwa Brazil nke Itaipú, boro ebubo na-arị elu maka mkparịta ụka nkwekọrịta na akwụkwọ akụkọ Paraguay ABC Color nke dere ugboro ugboro banyere mkpa ọ dị ịgbanwe nkwekọrịta ahụ.
N'agbanyeghị mmegide sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ aka nri nke Brazil President elect Lugo ewerela echiche na gọọmentị abụọ ahụ nọ ugbu a n'oge dị iche. Na na Brazil na Argentina na-aghọtawanye mkpa ọ dị inyere ndị obere obodo dị na Southern Cone aka imeri ọdịiche mmepe.
"Anyị na-agbachitere ọdịmma mba anyị ma na-arịọ maka ikpe ziri ezi," Lugo gwara ndị nta akụkọ. "Ọ bụrụ na site na ịrịọ maka ikpe ziri ezi, a na-akpọ anyị ihe, anyị na-anabata ya. Ma anyị ga-ejikọta ọnụ na okwu anyị iji chebe ọdịmma nke mba Paraguay." Lugo kwuru na ya ga-aga nzukọ mba ụwa ma ọ bụrụ na mkparita ụka Brazil dara. 7.
Paraguay, Canese kwuru, na-atụkwasị olile anya ya na onye isi ala Brazil Lula da Silva. Ọ kparịtara mmụba nke ọnụahịa a na-akwụ maka gas mba Bolivian mgbe Evo Morales weghaara ala gas na ebumnuche nke ịbawanye uru ozugbo nke ego mbupụ gas na-enweta na ndị Bolivia.
Ọ ga-amasị Paraguay ụdị mmeso ahụ n'ihi na a na-ekpe ha ikpe na-ezighị ezi n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.
"Stroessner chọrọ nnukwu azụmahịa azụmahịa. O mere nnukwu azụmahịa na owuwu Itaipú. Ọ bụ ya na ndị otu ya niile, "ka Canese kwuru. "Na ọchịchị aka ike nke Brazil kwadoro Stroessner. Na nkwụghachi maka nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na azụmahịa ya, ọ na-enyefe ọkụ eletrik n'efu na Brazil."
SOURCES
1. ABC Agba ajụjụ ọnụ na Martin Almada. Itaipú fue la traición más grande que hizo Stroessner.
http://www.abc.com.py/especiales/despojo/articulos.php?pid=398706
2. Momarandu.com Mee 15, 2008. Piden investigar desapariciones y muertes en binacionales.
3. ABC Agba April 1, 2008 El Tratado de Itaipú no se renegocia se viola.
http://www.abc.com.py/articulos.php?fec=2008-04-01&pid=403269&sec=7&ABCDIGITAL=4b7d96833edb513af2d2f04e49fcaa1d
4. Ajụjụ ọnụ Ricardo Canese, Tekojoja Party.
5. ABC Agba May 4, Ọ dịghị Somos Imperialists, pero no renegociamos El Tratado.
http://www.abc.com.py/articulos.php?pid=412388&fec=2008-05-04
6. ABC Agba, May 26, 2008 nkọwa, Itaipú en la visión de Sarney.
http://www.abc.com.py/articulos.php?pid=338811&sec=15
7. ABC Agba Mee 9, 2008 Fernando Lugo Contestó al Brasil.
http://www.abc.com.py/articulos.php?fec=2008-05-09&pid=413879
A na-akwado ZNetwork naanị site na mmesapụ aka nke ndị na-agụ ya.
inye