F
or
ihe karịrị afọ abụọ, ndị ọrụ gọọmentị Venezuelan anọwo
na-ebo ebubo ebubo na ọchịchị Bush na-ebo ya ebubo
so na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị kwụsịrị n'April 2002 nke kwaturu,
n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ naanị obere oge, obodo nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya
ahọpụtara onye isi ala, Hugo Chavez. Na-eche ohere nke ịbụ
chetara, Onye isi ala Chavez kwuru na nso nso a na ya nwere ihe akaebe na-egosi
na ndị ọrụ US “zutere ndị isi agha nnupụisi [na]
Ndị ọrụ agha United States mere ihe na mbute ọchịchị ahụ. " Chavez tụkwara aka
si na "onye nnọchianya US nọ n'obí Onye isi ala
mgbe ọchịchị ahụ gasịrị iji too onye ọchịchị aka ike [Pedro Carmona]. Ọchịchị
nke United States ga-azarịrị n'ihu ụwa gbasara ọnwụ
Nke ahụ mere ebe a n'April 2002."
The
Onye isi ngalaba steeti Richard Boucher chụrụ Chavez
ebubo, na-ekwu na ebubo ndị ahụ pụtara ka “ichegharị
anya" site na usoro referendum na-aga ugbu a na
Venezuela, Venezuelanalysis.com kọrọ. Boucher, agbanyeghị, kwetara
na nchịkwa Bush na-enye "ego nye otu
nke na-akwalite ochichi onye kwuo uche ya ma wusie ọha mmadụ ike na Venezuela
na gburugburu ụwa." Boucher kwuru na ego a "bụ
maka abamuru nke ochichi onye kwuo uche ya, ọ bụghị ịkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọ bụla
ngalaba."
One
nke ndị nnata ego ụtụ isi US bụ ụlọ ọrụ Venezuelan
nke a na-akpọ Sumate, bụ nzukọ nke nyere ọtụtụ n'ime ngwa ngwa
nkwado maka usoro nchịkọta mbinye aka na ncheta ugbu a
mkpọsa. N'agbata Septemba 2003 na Septemba 2004, Sumate nwetara
ihe karịrị $50,000 sitere na National Endowment for Democracy dabere na US.
The
"NED Report na US Dept. State na Pụrụ iche Venezuela
Ego” akwụkwọ nke nzukọ ahụ nwetara otu nde dollar
n'April 2002 na, ebe ọ bụ na June nke afọ ahụ, ọ nyere ihe karịrị
$800,000 nye ndị otu na-arụ ọrụ na Venezuela, ka VenezuelaFOIA.info siri kwuo.
Weebụsaịtị a na-enweghị uru, nke Venezuela Solidarity na-akwado
Kọmitii / National Venezuela Solidarity Network, chọpụtara na n'etiti
òtù ndị na-enweta ego bụ Center for International
Private Enterprise, American Center for International Labour
Ịdị n'otu, International Republican Institute, na National
Ụlọ ọrụ Democratic Institute for International Affairs.
NED
abụghị onye ọhụrụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Venezuelan. Dị ka
New York
Times
, nzukọ ahụ “gbabara ihe karịrị $877,000 n'ime
Ndị mmegide Venezuela n'ime izu na ọnwa tupu nso nso a
kagbuo mbọ ịgbaghara ọchịchị." Ihe karịrị $150,000 gara “onye Venezuelan
otu ndị ọrụ nke duru ndị mmegide na-arụ ọrụ kwụsịrị ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma
ya na Pedro Carmona Estanga, onye ọchụnta ego duru ndị agha ahụ.”
At
webụsaịtị ya, National Endowment for Democracy ji obi umeala na-akọwa
n'onwe ya dị ka "onwe, anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, nzukọ na-enye onyinye
kere na 1983 iji wusie ụlọ ọrụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya gburugburu
ụwa." Mana NED, n'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, emebiela nke ọma
gọọmentị dị na Central America na Eastern Europe. Dabere na
Akwụkwọ William Blum,
Rogue State: Nduzi
na
Naanị ike zuru ụwa ọnụ
, NED “kpọrọ ihe dị mkpa
Ọrụ na ihe omume Iran-Contra nke 1980s, na-akwado ihe ndị bụ isi
nke Oliver North's shadowy Project Democracy network, nke
amụma mba ofesi US nkeonwe, buo agha, agba ọsọ ngwa ọgụ na ọgwụ ọjọọ, na
na-eme ihe omume ndị ọzọ mara mma n'otu aka ahụ. " Ruo ọtụtụ afọ
NED kwadoro obodo ndị Cuban a dọọrọ n'agha na ndịda Florida, na-enye aka
$250,000 n'etiti 1990 na 1992 nye onye Cuban-American aka nri
National Foundation.
In
1997, Onye isi oche NED Carl Gershman gwara Congress na otu ahụ
"Ụlọ ọrụ anọ nwere mmekọ, International Republican Institute
(IRI), National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
(NDI), Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE), na
Free Trade Union Institute (FTUI)… na-arụ ọtụtụ mmemme
na-ewusi otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ike, na-akwalite ahịa ndị mepere emepe, na-akwado
ikike nke ndị ọrụ, na ọtụtụ ihe omume metụtara ya. "
NED
na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ mkpochapụ akụrụngwa na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke.
Ọ na-enye ego, nkwado teknụzụ, akụrụngwa, mmemme ọzụzụ,
usoro mgbasa ozi, enyemaka mmekọrịta ọha na eze, na ọgbara ọhụrụ
akụrụngwa iji họrọ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, òtù obodo, ọrụ
otu, ngagharị iwe, otu ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ akụkọ,
na mgbasa ozi ndị ọzọ. Ebumnobi nzukọ a bụ imebi ihe na-aga n'ihu
mmegharị, ọkachasị ndị nwere socialist ma ọ bụ onye kwuo uche-socialist
kpudo
nke Chavez
mmegide enwetara nke ọma na-adịkwa ka ọ na-anata stampụ tacit
nkwado nke Henry Kissinger na ndụmọdụ mba ụwa ya
ụlọ ọrụ, Kissinger na Associates. Na mbubreyo Jenụwarị, mgbe mba
kansụl ntuli aka na-akwado iji nyochaa izi ezi nke
ihe karịrị nde abụọ mbinye aka nke ndị mmegide nyefere,
onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ nke steeti Henry Kissinger nọ na-enye ihe nrite
nye onye ijeri Venezuelan, Gustavo Cisneros, oche & CEO nke
Cisneros Group of Companies. Dị ka
Green aka ekpe
Weekly
, Cisneros abụrụla “amata site na
Newsweek
na akwụkwọ Venezuelan dịka otu n'ime ndị na-akwado ego na ndị na-enye ego
nke April 11, 2002, mgbaghara megide Onye isi ala Venezuelan Hugo Chavez."
In
Mwepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Disemba 2003 na-ekwupụta emume onyinye na-abịanụ,
IAEC kọwara Cisneros dị ka onye “na-achọsi ike
iji mepụta gburugburu ebe azụmahịa na gọọmentị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ
ọnụ n'ụzọ bara uru maka ọdịmma ọha mmadụ."
Ọ gara n'ihu: "Ndị kansụl ahụ na-achọ ịmepụta ọgbakọ nke dị irè
A na-eme usoro iwu site n'aka ọha na eze na nkeonwe na-arụ ọrụ
ọnụ. Ọrụ ndụ Cisneros yiri nke kansụl
ozi.”
dị
na
Green Hapụrụ kwa izu
,
Otú ọ dị, Cisneros bụ “a nabatara ya
site n'ịbụ onye na-anya isi n'azụ mkpọchi mkpọchi mba na Disemba 2002
na sabotage nke ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ, nke mere ka akụ na ụba Venezuelan pụta
banye n'ime ala site n'iweta ọdịda akụkọ ihe mere eme nke pasent 27 na
GDP nke obodo na trimester mbụ nke 2003." Dabere na US
NGO Global Strike for Women katọrọ mkpebi IAEC mere
nye Cisneros ihe nrite ahụ, na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ bụ onye ndú nke mkpọchi ahụ
"Ebumnobi ịmanye Onye isi ala Chavez n'ọfịs"
nakwa na "ọ rụrụ otu ọrụ ahụ na mkpọchi mmanụ na nso nso a
Ndị CIA chịkọtara ya wee mee ka mba ahụ kpọnwụọ. "
Cisneros
nwere otu n'ime mgbasa ozi, ntụrụndụ, teknụzụ kachasị ukwuu,
na ụlọ ọrụ ngwaahịa ndị ahịa na ụwa. Ihe ejiri ya gụnyere
Univision Communications, Inc., AOL Latin America, DIRECTV Latin
America, Claxson Interactive Group, Venevisión (Venezuela's
netwọkụ telivishọn kasị ukwuu), Los Leones del Caracas, Mpaghara Brewing
Ụlọ ọrụ, Backus & Johnston Brewing Company, na Pueblo International,
Ụlọ ọrụ.
It
ekwesịrị icheta na ụbọchị abụọ ka mgbagha ọchịchị ahụ gasịrị, Kissinger
Onye mmekọ Thomas “Mack” McLarty, osote onye isi oche Kissinger
McLarty Associates na onye bụbu onye ndụmọdụ kacha elu nke President Clinton
na Latin America, dere mpempe op-ed nke nyere ịdọ aka ná ntị siri ike
nye onye aka ekpe onye Brazil Luiz Igacio Lula da Silva: “[W] mere
na Venezuela nwere ike ịghọta dị ka ihe ịrịba ama na ngwọta Mesaịa,
n'adịghị ka ezi mgbanwe usoro, na-eduga ọdachi. Ọ na-akwado
nke ọma maka ndị nọ n'ógbè ahụ na-akwado maka ahịa na-emeghe na
mpaghara. Echeghị m na nke a bụ ihe dị mma maka Lula
ntuli aka." N'agbanyeghị ịdọ aka ná ntị ahụ, ọnwa isii ka e mesịrị Lula bụ
ahọpụtara oke onye isi ala Brazil.
A
s
maka mkpọsa referendum ugbu a, Sumate kwetara “na
enwere oge ebe ndị mmadụ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ mkpesa na-abụghị
kwesịrị ma ọ bụ onye mere otú ahụ ezighi ezi,” Gregory Wilpert na nso nso a
kọrọ. Mana ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ekwusi ike na ọ bụ ezie na mbinye aka na-ezighi ezi
ọnụ ọgụgụ dị gburugburu 265,000, a ka nwere ụfọdụ mbinye aka dị nde 3.2,
"nke ga-ezuru oke maka ncheta onye isi ala
referendum, nke chọrọ ihe karịrị nde 2.4 mbinye aka (pasent 20
nke ndị ntuli aka debanyere aha)."
In
Na mbido Machị, kansụl ntuli aka mba (CNE) kwuru naanị 1.8
enyochala nde mbinye aka, nke dara ihe dị ka 500,000 dị mkpụmkpụ
nke nọmba achọrọ maka ncheta. Dị ka BBC News si kwuo, ndị
mmegide nwere ike "ka iru" ebumnuche n'ihi na
kansụl “ga-ebipụta ndepụta nke mbinye aka arụrịta ụka na
guzobe posts ebe ndị mmadụ na-ahụ onwe ha na ndepụta ndị a
nwere ike ịga kwado ntinye ha. " Otú ọ dị, mmegide ahụ kwupụtara
ọ “gaghị anabata atụmatụ kọmishọna ntuli aka
maka ndị ntuli aka iji kwado mbinye aka ha, na-eme mkpesa nke a abụghị
gụnyere n'iwu mbụ maka ntuli aka ntuli aka ahụ." Dị ka
nye Wilpert, ndị na-ekiri mba ụwa si na Carter Center, na
OAS ga-ekpe ikpe ma CNE na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ọ bụrụ
CNE na-agbanwe mkpebi ya, Chavez nwere ike ịrịọ ya ka ọ bụrụ Onye Kasị Elu
Ụlọikpe, si otú a na-egbu oge na-echeta ntuli aka ruo mgbe August nke
ga-ekwe ka osote onye isi oche Chavez ga-anọchi ya kwesịrị
ka e mee ntuliaka wee merie ya.
In
Okwu President Bush's 2004 State of the Union, o kwere nkwa
iji okpukpu abụọ nke mmefu ego nke National Endowment for Democracy. Mgbe ole
onye bụbu onye omebe iwu Minnesota Republican Vin Weber, onye mmekọ
nke mgbe ahụ-ọkà okwu nke Houselọ Newt Gingrich, weghaara dị ka oche nke
Ụlọ ọrụ NED na July 2001, o mere ka o doo anya na nzukọ ahụ
nwere mmasị n'ịrụkwa ọrụ ịkpụzi akwara ọzọ
na ịkwado ebumnobi amụma mba ofesi US. Nke ahụ bụ kpọmkwem
ihe ọ dị ka ọ na-eme na Venezuela.
Bill Berkowitz
bụ onye edemede nweere onwe ya na-ekpuchi mmegharị mgbanwe mgbe niile.