(Ụfọdụ ịdọ aka ná ntị gara aga:
Ịgụ nke ọma kwesịrị ikpughe ọnọdụ Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na Galicia, n'ụzọ dị iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na usoro ndị ọchịchị George W. Bush mere gbasara Alcoa's Aluminum Plants na US; nakwa onye Francoist aka nke Nyocha gburugburu na-adabere na ya. Ọ ga-ekwe omume ịfefe akụkụ teknụzụ, ọ bụ ọtụtụ n'ime ya “detuo na mado” site na Wikipedia Bekee, wee chọta ihe m na-achọ, akwa ndụmọdụ gbasara iwu gbasara enweghị Environmental Studies maka wụnye nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka Alcoa, ebe a, na Galicia, nke na-atọghata n'ógbè a ọnụ ala mmetọ ulo oru ógbè.
Banyere ntụle mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke osisi Alcoa Inespal dị na A Coruña, ahụrụ m naanị na Galician Official Gazette, DOGA, “ad,” nke pụtara n'ụzọ doro anya site na ịpị njikọ ahụ, nke na-ekwupụta “mkpughe ọha” nke “data”, o dochaghị anya ebe, na ụfọdụ “ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara,” ọ bụrụ na mmadụ chọrọ ịgba akwụkwọ. Enweghị data ọ bụla ekpughere n'ihu ọha na DOGA, dịka m chere na ekwesịrị. N'ime ụmụ okorobịa ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ, otu ọkwa ahụ, na nke ọzọ ụdị "mmeghari ohuru" katọrọ maka prevarication n'afọ na-esote maka inye ikike nnukwu nsị na mbara ala, na-azọrọ na ọ bụ "mmeziwanye". Nke ọzọ bụ ochie onye ama ama nke Francoist. Data nke ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-eme mkpesa na akụkọ akụkọ abụọ ahụ m na-ehota, na-ezo aka n'otu ihe ahụ nke George W. Bush Administration machibidoro na Alcoa osisi na Rockland.
N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ bụ ezie na osisi dị na A Coruña na-eyi egwu imechi, ọ dịghị onye nọ na Galicia na-ekwu maka itinye ego nke 5,000 nde euro (nke ahụ bụ ego ego 330 nde dollar na, dị ka Wikipedia English, ọ na-adịkarịghị ezighị ezi banyere ozi ha. , nke George W. Bush ọchịchị na US chọrọ site na otu Alcoa osisi na Rockland, Texas) ma ọ bụ a eke ogige, dị ka e nwetara na Iceland site na mkpesa nke gburugburu ebe obibi, nke nne nke onye na-agụ egwú Bjork na-edu. onye na-abụ abụ Bjork n'onwe ya, yana mgbakwunye 1/5 nke mpaghara mba
Alcoa bụ ihe karịrị mba ụwa, ọkwa ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ. Onye nwe ya, ụfọdụ Richard Mellon Skaife, bụ, dị ka Trump, nke ezinụlọ nke mega-ultra-super-extra millionaires, enwere akụkọ Naomi Klein na-adịbeghị anya nke na-ekwu banyere ya, nakwa na Znet, ma nwee mmetụta na ego kachasị. Amụma Republican conservative na USA maka ọkara narị afọ ma ọ bụ karịa. Enwekwara akwụkwọ na-adịbeghị anya banyere nke ahụ, site n'aka onye nta akụkọ nyocha America, Jane Mayer "Dark Money," nke a na-ebudata na Amazon.
Ọ masịrị m ka m ghara ịkọ nkọ ọ bụla gbasara ụtụ isi Alcoa na-akwụ na Akụ Spanish; n'ihi na ha na-emetọ na A Coruña (na Lugo, na Aviles), ma, ebe ọ bụ na a naghị ebufe ụtụ isi, ha na-akwụ ụtụ isi na Madrid. Echere m na ọnụọgụ ha ga-edo anya dịka Ntụle Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ha.
Emelitere blọọgụ ahụ na Jenụwarị, 8th, Tuzdee, 2019, 8:15 ehihie, yana ụfọdụ ozi gbasara nleghara nke osisi Alcoa na Galicia maka iwu EU. Osisi Alcoa dị na A Coruña, nke etinyere n'oge General Franco, na 1961, na-emebi emebi. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/ALL/?uri=CELEX:31985L0337(Post-scriptum i) na Post-scriptum ii) maka afọ iri abụọ na abụọ (22).
https://znetwork.org/znetarticle/trump-kavanaugh-and-the-rule-of-pampered-princelings/
Banyere ntụle mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke Gọọmenti Galician (Xunta de Galicia) nke osisi Alcoa Inespal SA na A Coruña.
Achọtara m na ibe nke Spanish Ministry for Ecological Transition,
Ministry of Environment (Spain) - Wikipedia
Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica – Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Akụkọ banyere Alcoa Inespal SA Aluminium Plant na A Coruña: http://www.prtr-es.es/Informes/fichacomplejo.aspx?Id_Complejo=1312 . Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịgbakwunye njikọ kpọmkwem na taabụ “mkpọpụta”, mana a na m arịọ gị ka ị gụọ ya nke ọma.
Na Wikipedia (ejila m, n'ezie, na nchọ ngwa ngwa, Wikipedia Bekee) Achọtara m ozi a (M na-eji okwu Spanish eji na akụkọ a, na , na-esote, akwụkwọ ozi Bekee):
- Ihe na-akpata carbon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide
- Carbon dioxide: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide
- NoX: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOx
- NO2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide
- "Perfluorocarburos": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorocarbon
- Óxido de Sulfuro: dị ka Wikipedia nke Bekee si dị nke a gụnyere (Spanish) "dióxido de sulfur" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_oxide), nke m jikọtara ya, sitere na Wikipedia Bekee, akụkọ gbasara Alcoa, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoa, nke nkọwa, na ngalaba "Ihe ndekọ gburugburu ebe obibi" nke ọchịchị George W. Bush manyere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ ghara ikpochapụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ya na Rockdale, Texas; ikpe nke itoolu nke ndị ọchịchị Bush manyere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-eji mmanụ ọkụ, dị ka coal, gas ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụgbọala maka ọgbọ eletrik (Enweghị m n'aka na nke a pụtara, ma Ejikọtara m akụkọ a "Ọdụ ọkụ Fọsil," https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_station, ma kaa na dị ka ozi nke La Voz de Galicia si kwuo, banyere Alcoa, a rụrụ pipeline gas (nke Gọọmenti Galician) maka osisi na San Cibran: https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/amp/noticia/carballo/cerceda/2015/02/10/gas-permitira-alcoa-producir-alumina-25-barato/0003_201502G10P32992.htm) na-amanye n'iwu nke Federal Clean Air Act,Iwu ikuku dị ọcha (United States) - Wikipedia
- Hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos: https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrocarburo_aromático_polic%C3%ADclico
- Fluorine: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride
- HF (i): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride
- HF (2): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrofluoric_acid
- Particulates (ibugharị site na PM10):https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ; banyere nke a nwekwara a akụkọ si WHO, World Health Organisation: Healthtù Ahụ Ike Worldwa gbasara “Ike ikuku” (Pm10): https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health
Ajụrụ m ịkọwa akụkụ ọ bụla banyere ya "ihe na-esi na mmiri."
Na mpaghara pịa ahụrụ m nke ahụ
- Ndị ọkà mmụta ihe banyere ihe ndị dị ndụ na-eme mkpesa banyere nnukwu mkpokọta "dióxido de sulfur" (biko lee anya ọzọ njikọ gbasara nchịkwa Bush na osisi Alcoa dị na Texas) na mpaghara ahụ: https://galicia.economiadigital.es/politica-y-sociedad/arco-iris-denuncia-que-alcoa-y-repsol-someten-a-los-coruneses-a-niveles-ilegales-de-dioxido-de-azufre_373140_102.html
- Na Alcoa Inespal SA ka amachibidoro ya ugboro iri n'ihi nsogbu mmetọ (maka ngụkọta ego nke 3 ọtụtụ nde de Euro, iji tụnyere 330 nde $ ọ na-amanye itinye ego site Bush na US, hụ otu ugboro ọzọ njikọ n'elu, na ala nke ihe dị na Iceland, ebe ọgba aghara gburugburu ebe obibi, nke obodo a ma ama dị ka Bjork na-agbakwunyere, nwetara. na ngagharị iwe ha imepụta ogige National Park nke nwere 1/5 nke mpaghara mba: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/01/us/politics/american-companies-still-make-aluminum-in-iceland.html?fbclid=IwAR2ZRkk_jUNvyWDrgU7MegbBQZehu6LPP01MnPtf5XuDxGG6xhPmVACLOvs
Banyere ntụle mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi dị mkpa, echere m, maka ịmalite azụmahịa ọ bụla na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, a na m achọta na erratic "Diario Oficial de Galicia" https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diario_Oficial_de_Galicia,
a “nkwupụta,” banyere ụfọdụ "Ngosipụta ọhaneze nke "data" (na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara)" (kama "data ekpughere n'ihu ọha," na Diario), wepụtara nke "Dirección Xeral de Calidade e Aviación Ambiental" ( https://cmatv.xunta.gal/organizacion/c/CMAOT_SX_de_Calidade_e_Avaliacion_Ambiental) na "Delegación Provincial da Consellería de Medio Ambiente e Desenvolvemento Sostible da Coruña"http://www.coruna-virtual.com/jefatura-territorial-conselleria-medio-ambiente-territorio-e-infraestructuras/3-2301-431-2301.htm): Ebukawww.xunta.gal/dog/Publicados/2007/20070515/Anuncio15226_gl.pdf
Nwoke ahụ bịanyere aka na ya, Joaquín Lucas Buergo del Río, Director xeral de Calidade e Avaliacion Ambiental, Onye isi njikwa nke ogo na nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi n'oge gọọmentị bi-partit nke Galician Socialist Party na Galician Nationalist Bloc, chere ebubo prevarication otu afọ mgbe : https://www.elprogreso.es/articulo/galicia/un-ex-alto-cargo-del-bipartito-acusado-de-prevaricacion/20100608202000194446.html, wee nye ya ohere ịwụnye nnukwu ebe mkpofu ihe na-ekwupụta na ọ sitere na “mmelite ọrụ ndozigharị nke mpaghara okike” (chere na ị nwere ike ịtụgharị ya nke ọma): https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/santiago/2008/03/14/xunta-autoriza-gran-vertedero-escasos-siete-kilometros-centro/0003_6651446.htm
Onye nbinye aka nke "Mkpebi gburugburu ebe obibi" ndị ọzọ gbasara Osisi Alcoa, ọ bụghị naanị na A Coruña, kamakwa n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ókèala Galician: https://www.xunta.gal/dog/Publicados/2013/20130613/AnuncioCA02-300513-0005_gl.pdf , Justo de Benito Basanta, enweelarị ọkwa dị mkpa n'oge Ọchịchị Ọchịchị nke onye bụbu minista Franco, Manuel Fraga: https://www.farodevigo.es/galicia/2009/05/19/pp-echa-mano-ex-altos-cargos-fraga-nueva-direccion-sogama/328592.html
M na-eche ma ị nwere ike mụọ ikpe ahụ wee chọpụta ma ọ bụrụ na enwere nkwụsịtụ nke Iwu gburugburu ebe obibi Europe.
(Ezigara Franziska Keller [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/96734/SKA_KELLER/home], na ebe ndị ọzọ. Arịrịọ maka ndụmọdụ).
Post-Scriptum (i):
N’oge na-adịbeghị anya, achọtala m nchịkọta nke ọkwa gbasara iwu gbasara nyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na Galicia, Spanish State na European Union n'akwụkwọ a, nsonaazụ nzere nna ukwu duziri, na Mahadum A Coruña, nke Xose Lois Armesto dere. Barbeito banyere isiokwu a, nke JF Alonso Picón dere, ya na mmekorita nke José Alberto de Santiago Meijide:
https://ruc.udc.es/dspace/bitstream/handle/2183/13598/CC-044.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
A na-ebudata akwụkwọ (“Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental de Galicia,” ya bụ: “Environmental Impact Assessments in Galicia,” na Bekee) na-akpaghị aka na ịpị njikọ dị n’elu.
Edemede akwụkwọ nsọ (ii):
Anọ m na-agụ akwụkwọ JF Alonso Picón ma na-eme nyocha ịntanetị iji melite blọọgụ na iji nyekwuo osote Keller ozi, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-akpọtụrụ UDNG na blọgụ a. Nsonaazụ, nke m biputere na-enweghị njikọ, na-awụ akpata oyi:
N'akwụkwọ JF Alonso Picón, pụtara (peeji nke 42) na dị ka ụkpụrụ Europe siri dị na 1985, (Ntuziaka 85/337 / EEC, nọmba DOCE L 175 nke 05/07/85, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/ALL/?uri=CELEX:31985L0337 ,nke na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a, n'okwu mmalite ya) "Ikike" nke ọrụ ọha ma ọ bụ nkeonwe nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na gburugburu ebe obibi ekwesịghị inye ya ruo mgbe nyochachara nke mmetụta dị ịrịba ama nke ọrụ ndị a (nwere ike) nwere na gburugburu ebe obibi a rụrụ. "(Annex II nke Ntuziaka gụnyere, na ngalaba ya iii), n'ime ọrụ ndị iwu a metụtara, "nhazi igwe").
E weputara iwu gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi Galician n'etiti afọ 91 na 95 (lee akụkụ nke 7 nke ndeksi akwụkwọ JF Alonso Picón). Akwụkwọ Picon, nke Torculo deziri, na A Coruña, nwere nkwụnye ego n'iwu na 1998, enwekwara iwu gbasara isiokwu a na 2002.
Alcoa zụtara osisi dị na A Coruña n'aka Inespal na 1998, n'ụzọ dị ka ọ na-adị na Galicia (pịa blọọgụ m banyere "The Sale of Galician Savings Banks", na menu nke na-egosi n'aka nri nke ibe a) nwere nguzozi na-adịghị mma maka steeti ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe oge Franco. Na 2011, ọ mere ememe ncheta 50th ya, ya bụ, kemgbe 1961. Otú ọ dị, ọkwa nke "arịrịọ maka ikike gburugburu ebe obibi jikọtara ọnụ" maka ihe ọkụkụ na A Coruña emeghị ruo n'April 23, 2007.
Nke ahụ bụ, osisi Alcoa dị na A Coruña adịghị agbaso ụkpụrụ Europe site na 1985 ruo 2007, afọ iri abụọ na abụọ (22), echere m. Na, n'eziokwu, ọ ga-aga n'ihu na-agbaso iwu ndị Europe, n'ihi na ọ dịghị mgbe emechara "Ntụle Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi" gara aga.
N'ezie, gọọmentị Emilio Perez Touriño (2005-2009) na Alberte Nuñez Feyjoo (2009-present) bụ , n'uche nke m, ikpe omume rụrụ arụ maka ịme nyocha gburugburu ebe obibi, yana "mmeghachi ọhụrụ" (nke nwere ike ọ gaghị ezute ma ọ bụ karịa. ihe ndị a chọrọ n’akwụkwọ Picón, ihe si n’aka Onye isi oche Armesto Barbeito nna ukwu (Lee isi nke 4, 5 na 6 nke Index) “n’azụ.” (Xose Lois Armesto Barbeito, lara ezumike nká n'afọ gara aga, abụrụla Rector nke Mahadum A Coruña kemgbe 2011, na-eduga otu ndị na-aga n'ihu na ndị mba,
La Universidad coruñesa apuesta por la continuidad y elige a Armesto nuevo rector ) . (Ọ bụ nwoke ahụ nwere enyo na afụ ọnụ n'aka ekpe nke foto ahụ).
Echiche nke ịlele ọnọdụ nke "Ntụle mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi" sitere na Xose Manuel Casais, onye (ochie) onye na-akwado Quilmas megide ọrụ Stolt Sea Farms ebe a, na onye nnọchiteanya nke ADEGA na mpaghara a,https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/carballo/2006/09/10/vecinos-carnota-unen-fuerzas-contra-stolt-farm/0003_5095887.htm ("Asociación pola Defensa Ecoloxica de Galicia," otu Association for the Ecological Defense of Galicia, http://www.adega.gal/portada.php).
Echiche nke ịchọ akwụkwọ ozi Bekee ziri ezi na Google Translator maka Galician "Avaliación de Impacto Ambiental" ("Environmental Impact Assessment," na blọgụ niile) na ide ihe dị mfe ịgụ intro na (naanị ole na ole) n'ime (ọtụtụ). n'ime ha crazy) kwuru ezigara na Yolanda Diaz Perez (United ekpe Deputy A Coruña na Spanish Congress) ọha Facebook page, si Flavia, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na Ezaro-66, na Ezaro, Dumbria, nakwa na ụfọdụ okwu.
Alcoa mere emume ncheta 50th ya na A Coruña na 2011 ("La Opinión",19/09/2011): https://www.laopinioncoruna.es/economia/2011/09/10/alcoa-celebra-50-aniversario-factoria-aluminio-coruna/531036.html
N'ime faịlụ gbasara osisi Alcoa na A Coruña, nke e bipụtara na "expansion.com," nke na-ehota ozi sitere na (c) Axesor, na-egosi, n'etiti data ndị ọzọ, "June / 2nd / 1998" dị ka "ụbọchị okike" ya. : http://www.expansion.com/directorio-empresas/alcoa-inespal-sl_82612_C33_28.html
Mwepu ire nke Inespal (nke gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ 13 ya niile, yana osisi nke Coruña) na 1998 mere n'oge oge ọrụ José María Aznar Lopez: https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/amp/noticia/economia/2016/05/24/aznar-entrego-inespal-ayudas-tarifa-electrica/0003_201605G24P32992.htm
Nchọgharị ọchụchọ Google maka "Inespal sale, Alcoa, 1998, Aznar" yiri ka ọ nweghị njedebe (ihe dị ka njem na-adịghị agwụ agwụ Bob Dylan na-etinye aka na June, 7th, 1988) , (ebe a bụ nchịkọta nke (nke a maara nke ọma). , bipụtara) usoro nkwekọrịta) : https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/economia/2018/10/28/hombre-decidio-cerrar-alcoa/0003_201810G28P33991.htm
A na-akwado ZNetwork naanị site na mmesapụ aka nke ndị na-agụ ya.
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