Source: Niam Jones
Tom qab tua George Floyd hauv Minneapolis thiab ib qho tawm tsam tub ceev xwm ua phem Hauv kev teb rau kev tawm tsam thoob tebchaws, kev hu xov tooj rau kev hloov pauv hauv Asmeskas cov tub ceev xwm tau los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, ua hauj lwm rau pej xeem, Thiab Celebrities. Tab sis tsis zoo li yav dhau los sim los hloov tub ceev xwm tom qab muaj kev tua neeg ntawm cov neeg muaj xim, uas feem ntau yog tsom rau kev saib xyuas lossis kev cob qhia, lub sijhawm no qhov kev xav tau ntau dua: defund tub ceev xwm los yog tshem lawv tag nrho.
Kev siv zog txiav nyiaj rau tub ceev xwm twb tau pib hauv Minneapolis, qhov chaw tub ceev xwm cov peev nyiaj tam sim no muaj tag nrho $ 193 lab. (Hauv xyoo 2017, lub tuam tsev tau txais 36 feem pua ntawm lub nroog cov kev siv nyiaj txiag dav dav.) Ob hnub tom qab Floyd raug tua, tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm University of Minnesota tshaj tawm hais tias hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsis muaj ntawv cog lus nrog tub ceev xwm department los muab kev ruaj ntseg rau kev sib sau ua ke loj xws li kev ua si football. Hnub Friday, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Minneapolis Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm tshaj tawm ib qho kev daws teeb meem kom xaus lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev cog lus rau chaw nres tsheb 14 tub ceev xwm hauv nws cov tsev kawm ntawv. Thiab pawg neeg zej zog xws li cov Dub Yuav Pom Kev Ua Si thiab Reclaim qhov Block yog foob lub nroog council txiav txim tub ceev xwm cov peev nyiaj los ntawm $ 45 lab thiab rov nqis peev nyiaj rau hauv kev noj qab haus huv thiab (tsis yog tub ceev xwm) cov kev pabcuam kev nyab xeeb.
Nrog rau lwm cov phiaj xwm los txiav cov tub ceev xwm pob nyiaj siv hauv nroog xws li Los Angeles thiab New York thiab hu kom defund cov tub ceev xwm sib sau ua ke hauv kev tshaj xov xwm, kuv tau tham nrog Brooklyn College sociology xibfwb Alex Vitale, tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm Policing & Social Justice Project thiab sau Qhov Kawg Ntawm Tub Ceev Xwm, los tham txog lub zeem muag ntawm tub ceev xwm tshem tawm thiab nws txhais li cas hauv kev xyaum.
Madison Pauly: Vim li cas thiaj tiv thaiv tub ceev xwm, tsis yog hloov kho lawv?
Alex Vitale: XNUMX Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! Tsib xyoos dhau los, nyob rau hauv lub wake ntawm murders ntawm Mike Brown thiab Eric Garner thiab Tamir Rice, peb tau hais tias, "Tsis txhob txhawj, peb yuav kho nws. Peb yuav muab tub ceev xwm implicit bias kev cob qhia. Peb tab tom yuav tuav qee cov tub ceev xwm hauv zej zog ntsib kev sib tham. Peb yuav yuav qee lub koob yees duab lub cev. " Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov peb feem ntau hu ua "txoj kev hloov kho" tsim los ua kom tub ceev xwm muaj kev tshaj lij, tsis muaj kev ncaj ncees, ntau pob tshab - thiab qhov no yuav daws qhov teeb meem zoo. Tab sis tej yam tsis tau zoo dua. Tib neeg tseem raug tua, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, qhov teeb meem ntawm overpolicing tseem nyob.
Vim li cas ho tsis ua haujlwm?
Cov txheej txheem kev ncaj ncees, lawv xav kom cov pej xeem muaj kev ntseeg siab rau tub ceev xwm kom tub ceev xwm rov qab mus rau tub ceev xwm. Tab sis qhov no tsis quav ntsej cov lus nug txog dab tsi lawv yog tub ceev xwm, thiab seb lawv puas yuav tsum tau ua tub ceev xwm. Peb muaj [million of] qib qis raug ntes nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States txhua txhua xyoo thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv yog tag nrho pointless. Nws tsuas yog ib theem loj ntawm kev thab plaub uas tau ntsib yuav luag tsuas yog ntawm cov neeg txom nyem tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau cov zej zog nyob hauv peb lub zej zog. Muaj kev npau taws heev txog kev ua tub ceev xwm hauv cov chaw ntawd. Thiab tom qab ntawd, thaum muaj qhov xwm txheej loj, nws tso tawm tag nrho cov kev npau taws thiab npau taws.
Kev txo cov tub ceev xwm mus koom tes nrog kev txiav txim siab dav dav, tom qab ntawd-ntawm tej yam xws li muaj lub thawv qhib hauv koj lub vaj pem hauv ntej lossis muag luam yeeb yam tsis tau them se.
kiag li. Nws mus koom tes nrog decriminalizing kev sib deev ua hauj lwm, tshuaj, tsis muaj tsev nyob, mob hlwb. Peb tsis xav tau ib pab pawg, peb xav tau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib deev ua haujlwm raug cai uas tau tswj hwm ib yam li lwm yam lag luam. Peb tsis xav tau tub ceev xwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, peb xav tau cov kws pab tswv yim thiab kho kev ncaj ncees. Peb tsis xav tau tub ceev xwm cov chaw tsis muaj tsev nyob, peb xav tau cov vaj tse txhawb nqa, cov chaw hauv zej zog hauv cov chaw poob qis, cov neeg ua haujlwm sib raug zoo.
Yuav ua li cas koj mesh lub tswv yim ntawm tub ceev xwm tshem tawm nrog kev xav tau los daws cov kev hem thawj loj rau pej xeem kev nyab xeeb xws li kev tua neeg lossis kev tsim txom hnyav (thaum cov kev ua txhaum cai no tau ua los ntawm pej xeem)?
Lub koom haum kev ncaj ncees hais tias muaj ib lub tswv yim rau txhua yam - raug ntes, muab tso rau hauv tsev lojcuj. Dab tsi abolitionists hais yog, Zoo, cia peb xav seb vim li cas lawv thiaj li ua qhov no thiab sim tsim cov tswv yim tiv thaiv. Tsis yog txhua yam kev tua neeg yog tib yam. Puas yog kev tsim txom hauv tsev? Puas yog tsev kawm ntawv tua? Puas yog kev muag tshuaj tsis zoo? Peb paub, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv raug tua, qee tus muaj lub tswv yim zoo heev qhov no yuav tshwm sim, tab sis tsis tau qhia rau leej twg - lossis hais rau tub ceev xwm thiab tub ceev xwm tsis muaj cuab yeej ua dab tsi txog nws. Yuav ua li cas yog hais tias, peb muaj ib tug system nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas thaum ib tug hluas xav tias lawv cov phooj ywg yuav ua ib yam dab tsi phem, yuav mus tham nrog ib tug neeg laus lub luag hauj lwm yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb tias tub ceev xwm yuav koom nrog, hais tias lawv yuav ratted rau lawv cov phooj ywg mus rau lub. tub ceev xwm, los yog tias lawv tus phooj ywg yuav raug ntiab tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv vim qee txoj cai tsis kam lees?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias tsis muaj lub ntiaj teb zoo meej, tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo. Qhov peb muaj tam sim no yog deb ntawm zoo meej. Tib neeg raug tua txhua lub sijhawm, txawm tias peb lub zej zog puv nrog tub ceev xwm. Peb puas tuaj yeem tuaj nrog qhov xwm txheej uas muaj tsawg dua kev tua neeg, thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam tsawg dua?
Qhov kev txav mus los tshem tawm cov tub ceev xwm tuaj qhov twg?
Nws pib coj ib qho kev sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv lub lig 60s, thaum ntxov 70s. Thaum pib, qhov radical ntug ntawm qhov no, los ntawm Dub Panthers thiab lwm tus, yog lub tswv yim ntawm zej zog tswj tub ceev xwm. Tab sis ib pab pawg neeg tawm tsam thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau ib daim ntawv hu ua Iron Fist thiab Velvet Hnab looj tes, nyob rau hauv uas lawv pib hais tias, "Tau ib pliag - puas muaj ib tug tub ceev xwm uas yog ib lub tswv yim zoo?" Thaum peb nkag siab txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tub ceev xwm, txawm tias lub zej zog muaj kev tswj hwm nws, nws tseem yog ib lub koom haum hauv xeev uas tau hais txog kev siv kev nruj kev tsiv los kho cov teeb meem. Thiab keeb kwm, nws yeej tsis tau ua haujlwm rau kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg pluag thiab cov tsis dawb.
Tom qab xyoo 70s, lub tswv yim no tau dhau los ua dormant. Nws yog qhov nce ntawm kev raug kaw loj hauv 20 xyoo dhau los uas tau coj lub tswv yim no rov qab los rau hauv lub hauv ntej. Ib me ntsis dhau 20 xyoo dhau los, Tseem ceeb heev tau tsim nyob rau hauv California, uas feem ntau yog tsom rau kev tshem tawm hauv tsev loj cuj. Qhov no coj mus ua haujlwm los ntawm Angela Davis thiab Ruth Wilson Gilmore uas tau tsom mus rau hauv tsev lojcuj abolition. Tab sis cov zej zog nkag siab tias kom ua tiav kev tshem tawm hauv tsev loj cuj, peb yuav tsum ua qee yam txog kev ua tub ceev xwm thiab. Yog li cov phiaj xwm me me pib tshwm. Nyob rau hauv Black Lives Matter era, muaj kev sib sib zog nqus ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam uas pib tsuas yog xav kaw qee tus tub ceev xwm tua neeg, tab sis tom qab ntawd pib pom tias qhov ntawd yuav tsis kho qhov teeb meem tiag tiag.
Cov phiaj xwm puas muaj yeej?
Muaj kev yeej me me uas zoo li presaged yam peb tab tom sim ua, tab sis tsis ntau. Qee zaum, qhov peb tau ua yog peb tiv thaiv kev siv nyiaj ntau ntxiv. Cov neeg tswj hwm tua ib qho kev kawm tshwj xeeb, lossis nyiaj txiag rau tub ceev xwm kawm tshiab.
Cov yeej yuav tsis zoo li tub ceev xwm raug kaw. Kev yeej yuav zoo li, peb tau tub ceev xwm tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, lossis peb tsim lwm txoj hauv kev siv tub ceev xwm los daws kev tsis muaj tsev nyob.
Yuav ua li cas qhov no puas zoo li nyob rau theem ua tau zoo, hais tias, yog tias kuv lub tsheb raug nyiag lawm?
Ib tug phooj ywg ntawm peb, lawv tau lawv lub tsheb nyiag. Tub ceev xwm tau rov qab los thiab ntes tus tsav tsheb. Yog li ntawd, lawv zoo li, โSaib? Peb xav tau tub ceev xwm. " Thiab kuv hais tias, โZoo, cia peb khawb qhov tob me ntsis ntawm no. Peb paub dab tsi txog tus neeg raug ntes uas nyiag koj lub tsheb? "Huag, tub ceev xwm hais tias nws tau raug ntes ntau zaus thiab muaj cov khoom siv tshuaj yeeb nyob hauv lub tsheb?" Thiab kuv zoo li, Hm. Yog li peb tau sim tub ceev xwm ntau zaus nrog tus txiv neej no. Nws puas tiv thaiv koj lub tsheb tsis txhob raug nyiag lawm? Tsis yog. Tus neeg no puas nyiag tsheb vim lawv muaj teeb meem tshuaj? Tej zaum. Puas yog xa lawv mus kaw hauv tsev loj cuj thiab rov kho lawv cov teeb meem tshuaj? Tsis tau. Okay, yog tias peb xav txo cov tsheb tub sab, thawj zaug uas peb tau ntsib nrog tus neeg no, peb yuav tsum pib sim daws qhov ua rau lawv tus cwj pwm teeb meem.
Yog tsis muaj tub ceev xwm, lossis nrog cov tub ceev xwm rov qab los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm, cov duab hloov pauv li cas rau tib neeg thiab cov zej zog uas tsis siv tub ceev xwm lossis ntseeg lawv?
Rau cov neeg no, daim duab hloov pauv vim vam tias lawv yuav tsis muaj ntau yam teeb meem los daws. Qhov tseeb yog muaj coob tus neeg tsis hu tub ceev xwm li vim lawv xav tias nws yuav ua rau lawv lub neej tsis zoo. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseeb tob. Thiab yog li qhov peb xav ua tsis yog tsuas yog tso lawv ntawm lawv tus kheej xwb, peb xav sim thiab pib kho lawv cov teeb meem. Ib yam li kev tsim txom hauv tsev, uas mus dhau qhov tsis tau tshaj tawm vim tias muaj coob tus neeg muaj txoj sia nyob xav tias tau txais tub ceev xwm koom nrog tsuas yog yuav ua rau qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Tub ceev xwm tuaj, tsis ua dab tsi, ntes ob tog, lossis ntes tus txiv neej uas tus poj niam tau txais nyiaj txiag. Nws chim siab thaum nws tawm hauv tsev lojcuj, thiab nws los thiab ntaus nws dua. Lub chaw pab cuam zej zog nyob qhov twg? Cov kev txhawb nqa rau tsev neeg nyob qhov twg, yog li tej zaum lawv tuaj yeem kho lawv cov teeb meem? Qhov twg yog qhov chaw rau cov poj niam kom lawv nyob ywj siab, kom khiav tawm ntawm tus neeg tsim txom?
Yuav ua li cas tej yam hloov rau cov neeg dawb uas reflexively vam thiab cia siab rau tub ceev xwmโtus Amy Coopers ntawm lub ntiaj teb no?
Lawv yuav tsis muaj cov peev txheej no uas lawv tuaj yeem ua riam phom tawm tsam tib neeg. Lawv yuav tsum nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev los daws lawv cov teeb meem.
Qhov kev xam phaj no tau raug kho thiab condensed.
[Tus Saib Xyuas: nyeem ib qho excerpt ntawm Alex Vitale phau ntawv Qhov Kawg Ntawm Tub Ceev Xwm in Yog lawm! Phau ntawv xov xwm]
Madison Pauly yog tus kws tshaj xov xwm ntawm Niam Jones. Mus cuag nws ntawm [email tiv thaiv].
Alex Vitale yog tus xibfwb ntawm Sociology thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Policing thiab Social Justice Project ntawm Brooklyn College thiab tus xibfwb mus saib hauv London Southbank University. Nws tau siv sijhawm 25 xyoo dhau los sau txog kev ua tub ceev xwm thiab sab laj ob pawg tub ceev xwm thiab cov koom haum tib neeg txoj cai thoob ntiaj teb. Vitale yog tus sau Lub Nroog Ntawm Kev Tsis Txaus Siab: Yuav Ua Li Cas Lub Neej Zoo Tshaj Plaws Hloov New York Txoj Cai Lij Choj thiab Qhov Kawg Ntawm Txoj Cai.
ZNetwork tau txais nyiaj tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua siab zoo ntawm nws cov neeg nyeem.
Pab Nyiaj