Capping ib qho kev hloov pauv loj uas tau pib thaum xyoo 1990, Cov Tub Rog Canadian tsis ntev los no tau tshaj tawm lawv thawj qhov kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam (COIN) cov lus qhuab qhia, uas yuav pab Canadian cov tub rog npaj los tawm tsam kev tsov rog niaj hnub no thiab "lub neej yav tom ntej," nrog rau nws tus thawj coj thiab tib lub ntiaj teb superpower, US.
Hauv kev txhim kho txij li xyoo 2005, phau ntawv COIN tau tso cai los ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Hauv Tebchaws Lt. Gen. Andrew Leslie nyob rau hnub poob ntawm Bush tswj hwm. Nws tsis raug cai rau ob lub hlis ntxiv - rau lub lis piam tom qab pib ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Barack Obama.
Obama cov thawj coj tau xa cov cim qhia meej, dhau los ntawm kev teem sijhawm nom tswv thiab tuav haujlwm (xws li Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Robert Gates), tias US cov tub rog thiab lub teb chaws ruaj ntseg apparatus hloov mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua me me, "kev ua tsov ua rog tsis tu ncua" pib nyob rau hauv Bush yuav txuas ntxiv mus.
Tsuas yog ib lub lis piam ua ntej Bush tau tawm ntawm chaw ua haujlwm, Gates, nrog rau Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice thiab Tus Thawj Coj ntawm USAID, Henrietta Fore, tau kos npe rau US Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Txoj Cai. Neo-conservative historian Eliot Cohen, uas saib xyuas Phau Ntawv Qhia kev tsim, sau hauv nws cov lus qhia:
Kev tawm tsam yuav yog qhov loj thiab loj zuj zus ntawm cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb uas tau ntsib los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas hauv lub xyoo pua 21stโฆ Txawm tias Tebchaws Meskas yuav tsum koom nrog ib qho kev tawm tsam tshwj xeeb yog qhov kev xaiv nom tswv, tab sis hais tias nws yuav koom nrog cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb nyob rau xyoo kaum xyoo. los yog qhov tseeb tiag. Phau Ntawv Qhia no yuav pab npaj cov neeg txiav txim siab ntau yam rau cov dej num uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb.
Raws li Lt. Gen. Leslie, Cov Tub Rog Canadian yog "ntawm qhov txiav" ntawm cov tub rog sab hnub poob npaj lawv tus kheej los tawm tsam kev tsov rog xyoo 21st.
"Cov kev coj ua yav dhau los raws li Kev Tsov Rog Txias tau hloov pauv ntau heev. Peb tau ua pov thawj dhau qhov tsis ntseeg tias peb tuaj yeem hloov kho peb cov lus qhuab qhia thiab kev cob qhia sai kom ua tau raws li kev ua haujlwm sib cais, nyuaj rau kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam," Leslie hais rau Senate. Pawg neeg tiv thaiv lub rooj sib tham nyob rau lub Peb Hlis.
Kev hloov pauv hauv Canadian txoj cai ua raws li nws cov phoojywg, zoo li Asmeskas, UK thiab lwm tus neeg koom nrog NATO. Cov tsoom fwv no yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm institutionalizing COIN cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab kev coj ua nyob rau hauv tub rog kab lis kev cai, nyob rau hauv lub "tag nrho-ntawm-tsoom fwv," thiab, thaum kawg, nyob rau hauv lub "tag nrho cov zej zog."
Raws li "kev ua kom tiav," phau ntawv Canadian COIN sawv cev rau kev sib txuas ntawm ob phau ntawv qhia tub rog Asmeskas tsis ntev los no: Counterinsurgency (FM 3-24); thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm ruaj khov (FM 3-07).
Xyoo 2007, tom qab tshaj li ib-thiab-ib-ib-nrab lab rub tawm, US Army COIN phau ntawv tau luam tawm los ntawm University of Chicago Press thiab tau txais kev tshaj xov xwm thoob plaws. Cov ntawv tom ntej US Army Stability Operations Manual, luam tawm nyob rau thaum ntxov 2009, kuj tau nthuav dav. Los ntawm qhov sib txawv, phau ntawv Canadian tseem tsis tau muaj rau pej xeem. Ib daim qauv ntawm Canadian COIN phau ntawv tau txais los ntawm Lub Dominion los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Hauv Tebchaws.
Sau nyob rau hauv Canadian Military Journal lub caij nplooj zeeg dhau los, Leslie tau piav qhia txog txoj hauv kev zoo li "muaj peev xwm nqa tau txhua yam cuab yeej ntawm lub teb chaws thiab lub zog sib koom ua ke thiab cuam tshuam rau qhov teeb meem raws sijhawm, sib koom ua ke." Cov lus txhais no ua raws li US Army, raws li pom nyob rau hauv Stability Operations Manual:
Ib qho kev qhia dav davโฆ sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab cov koom haum ntawm tsoomfwv Meskas, cov koom haum cuam tshuam nrog tsoomfwv thiab tsis yog tsoomfwv, cov koom tes sib koom ua ke, thiab cov koom haum ntiag tug kom ua tiav kev sib koom siab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke mus rau lub hom phiaj sib koom.
Lub tswv yim ntawm "kev sib koom siab ntawm kev siv zog" yog los ntawm classical counterinsurgency theory thiab cov lus qhuab qhia.
Xyoo 1966, John J. McCuen tau sau rau hauv Art of Counter-Revolutionary War hais tias, "Kev sib sau ntawm kev siv zog ... yog qhov nyuaj heev kom ua tiav vim nws sawv cev rau kev sib xyaw ntawm pej xeem thiab tub rog ua haujlwm los tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua uas muaj lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm nom tswv."
Raws li Canadian phau ntawv foregrounds, niaj hnub no insurgencies tseem nyob rau hauv lub "ib qho teeb meem nom tswv."
"Qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm niaj hnub no thiab yav tom ntej yuav zoo ib yam li Peb Block War tsim-ib qho uas xav kom cov tub rog cuam tshuam nrog ntau tus neeg sib txawv uas tsis yog lawv cov tub rog, thiab ua cov haujlwm uas tsis yog ib txwm ua," sau Leslie hauv Canadian Military Journal. .
Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2003, Hillier tau ua Peb Qhov Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog "ib lub tswv yim qhia rau Canadian Army."
Hillier qhov kev txhawb nqa rau Peb Block War yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj uas nws tau raug xaiv los ua Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws hauv xyoo 2005. Raws li thaum ntawd-Prime Minister Paul Martin, "[Hillier] tau tawm tswv yim hu ua 'peb-thaiv tsov rog,' rau piav qhia txog [tub rog] lub hom phiajโฆQhov no tsis yog qhov tsis lees paub peb txoj kev tswj hwm kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, tab sis kev kho kom haum rau lub sijhawm nyuaj, thiab kuv tau txhawb nqa nws. "
Martin tsoom fwv dovetailed peb Block War mus kom ze nrog rau qhov dav institutionalization ntawm "tag nrho-ntawm-tsoomfwv" (los yog 3D: Kev Tiv Thaiv, Kev Loj Hlob, Diplomacy) txoj cai txawv teb chaws txoj hauv kev hauv nws Txoj Cai Lij Choj Thoob Ntiaj Teb ntawm 2005. Txoj kev no tau txuas ntxiv mus, nrog kev hloov kho me me. , nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg tsawg Conservative tsoom fwv ntawm Prime Minister Stephen Harper.
Tias Canada yuav tsum hloov nws txoj cai txawv teb chaws thiab kev tiv thaiv hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj nrog Asmeskas los tsis muaj qhov xav tsis thoob vim lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo yav dhau los, txawm tias theem ntawm kev koom ua ke feem ntau poob qis los ntawm cov xov xwm tseem ceeb. "Tsis muaj ob tug tub rog sib koom ua ke ntau dua li Tebchaws Meskas thiab Canada," Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Meskas rau Canada David Wilkins tau hais hauv xyoo 2007.
Nrog kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thiab cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev nce qib hauv Obama cov thawj coj, kev nce qib ntawm "COIN-synergy" muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob tub rog.
"Peb tab tom kawm los ntawm lwm tus. Kuv tshwm sim paub General David Petraeus, uas yog tus txiv neej zoo heev. Koj yuav pom tias qee qhov ntawm peb cov kev xav tsis ntev los no zoo sib xws rau nws thiab cov tub rog Asmeskas thiab peb cov phooj ywg thiab cov phooj ywg," Lt. Gen. Leslie hais rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Lub Tebchaws thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Hauv Lub Peb Hlis.
Gen. Petraeus yog ib tus neeg uas tau pab txhawb ntau tshaj plaws rau kev sawv rov los ntawm lub sijhawm tshiab "kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam" hauv Asmeskas. Nws tau saib xyuas kev sau ntawv ntawm US Army Counterinsurgency Field Manual hauv 2005 thiab 2006, thiab saib xyuas nws qhov kev siv thaum lub sij hawm "surge" hauv Iraq hauv 2007.
Raws li Tus Thawj Coj ntawm US Central Command, Petraeus tam sim no saib xyuas ob qho tib si Iraq thiab "AfPak" kev tsov kev rog. Ntau tus thwjtim ntawm Petraeus tau nce mus rau qhov tseem ceeb hauv Obama lub txee; lwm tus tau mus dhau los ua "cov kws tshaj lij" hauv kev xav-tso ntiag tug thiab tshwm sim tsis tu ncua hauv Asmeskas xov xwm raws li cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tsov rog.
Petraeus tau mus xyuas Calgary lub lim tiam no rau "kev sib tham" nrog Canada cov tub rog sab saum toj tooj dag. Ib feem ntawm kev sib raug zoo rau pej xeem, lub rooj sib tham pom Petraeus thiab Canadian Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Tus Neeg Ua Haujlwm Walt Natynczyk, uas ib zaug ua haujlwm hauv Iraq tib lub sijhawm raws li Asmeskas tus thawj coj, hnav cov kaus mom cowboy thaum lawv tuaj koom Calgary Stampede. Nyob ntawd, raws li Petraeus, lawv tau sib tham txog "txoj hauv kev mus rau ob xyoos tom ntej" hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua COIN hauv Afghanistan.
Petraeus yog tus thawj tswj hwm hauv qib rau Natynczyk thaum Canadian tus thawj coj yog Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm Ntau Lub Tebchaws hauv Iraq hauv 2003-04. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Petraeus tau hais kom cov tub rog Canadian tsawg tsawg hauv Iraq ntawm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm NATO los cob qhia cov tub rog Iraqi, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws tau txais los ntawm Lub Dominion los ntawm Kev Nkag Mus Rau Cov Ntaub Ntawv.
Qhov tseeb tshaj plaws embodiment ntawm COIN lub koom haum thiab Canada-US "txoj kev mus kom ze" muaj nyob rau hauv US Army thiab Marine Corps COIN Center. Tsim los ntawm Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, xyoo 2006 los ntawm Petraeus thiab US Marine General James Mattis, nws yog los ntawm COIN Center uas US Army Counterinsurgency Field Manual (FM 3-24) tau tsim.
COIN Center cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia txog nws lub hom phiaj yog "kev pab cuam [ing] kev txhim kho ntawm kab lis kev cai uas ua rau peb hloov pauv tau zoo dua rau tsoomfwv tag nrho thaum raug hu los daws cov nyiaj npib yav tom ntej lossis COIN zoo li kev hem thawj."
Canada raug txheeb xyuas nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm COIN-tus khub ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas hauv "COIN SITREP cov ntawv ceeb toom" uas Lt. Col. Daniel Roper, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Chaw COIN, luam tawm ib ntus.
Roper hais rau Dominion tias "Txhua lub tebchaws yuav tsum tau tsim kho nws hauv txoj hauv kev uas ua haujlwm rau lawv." "Tab sis kuv pom qee qhov kev sib koom tes zoo nkauj ntawm cov koom haum sib koom tes hauv Canada, nrog cov neeg ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke nrog qee qhov teeb meem; qee yam zoo sib xws uas peb tau ua."
Txij li thaum General Leslie tau kos npe tawm ntawm COIN phau ntawv qhia lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj dhau los, COIN Center thiab Canada tau koom tes nrog ntau dua 20 kev sib pauv, suav nrog "COIN Leader Workshops" thiab "COIN Integration" cov rooj sib tham.
Cov tswv cuab ntawm Canadian Expeditionary Force Command (CEFCOM) tau ntsib nrog COIN Center rau kev sib tham txog "US-Canada COIN kev sib koom ua ke" tsib hnub tom qab Leslie tau sau rau hauv nws daim ntawv xaj rau COIN cov lus qhuab qhia tshiab tias nws yog "ua ntxiv rau peb cov phooj ywg."
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis, US COIN Center "tau mus ntsib cov tub rog kev teeb tsa thiab kev xav-tank hauv Canada los ua kom cov tub rog Canadian tsim nrog COIN cov lus qhuab qhia thiab kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws."
Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nthuav qhia nrog cov thawj coj ntawm Prime Minister Harper tsoom fwv, COIN Center tau pom tias "cov kws tshaj lij txoj cai tau txaus siab rau qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm [Canada tus tshiab Afghan COIN] lub tswv yim tuaj yeem piav qhia rau Canadian pej xeem thiab Canadian kev coj noj coj ua."
Tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los muag COIN phiaj los nqis tes rau cov pej xeem Canadian tsis ntseeg tau yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv Canadian thiab tub rog, thiab Canada phau ntawv COIN tau hais txog lub hom phiaj ntawm "tsim thiab tswj qhov raug cai ntawm kev sib tw." Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb cov nuj nqis steering Canada-US COIN-synergy yog Lt. Col. John Malevich, uas tau koom lub COIN Center nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2008 los ntawm txoj kev ntawm ib tug tshiab tsim kev sib pauv kev pab cuam ntawm ob lub teb chaws. Tam sim no nws yog Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm COIN Center thiab tsis ntev los no tau muab cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm COIN hauv Canada.
Hu xov tooj thaum nws rov qab los rau Ft. Leavenworth, Malevich hais rau Dominion tias cov khoom muaj nqis loj tshaj plaws uas nws coj mus rau COIN Center yog nws cov keeb kwm kev kawm hauv kev ua tsov rog asymmetric thiab thawj-tes COIN kev paub hauv Afghanistan.
Ua ntej koom nrog COIN Center, Malevich yog ib tus tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Pabcuam Tswvcuab Tswvcuab-ib pab pawg kws pab tswv yim tub rog tsim los ntawm General Hillier los muab cov lus qhia ncaj qha rau cov thawj coj hauv Afghan sab saum toj. Tom qab ntawd nws tau raug xa mus rau Afghan Independent Electoral Commission, qhov chaw Malevich hais tias nws "los nrog lawv txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm thiab lawv txoj kev npaj kev nyab xeeb" rau kev xaiv tsa thawj tswj hwm tau teem rau lub Yim Hli 2009.
"Thaum kuv hais lus, cov neeg no ua rau kuv muaj kev hwm zoo thiab lawv zoo siab heev uas tau txais kev pabcuam no ... lawv zoo siab heev uas muaj cov neeg Canadians nyob hauv lawv thiab ua tsaug rau qhov kev pabcuam peb tau ua hauv Afghanistan," said Lt. Col. Malevich ntawm nws cov npoj yaig ntawm COIN Center.
Col. Roper, uas hais tias nws tau mus rau Canada "plaub lossis tsib zaug" los tham txog COIN, hais rau The Dominion tias los ntawm kev muaj Malevich "chaw koom nrog" hauv COIN Center, "Cov tub rog Canadian tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev muaj ib tus neeg ua haujlwm puv sijhawm. ntawm no nrog kev nkag mus rau txhua yam uas peb tau txais thiab lees paub [thaum] nws stumbles rau ib yam dab tsi ntawm no, nyob zoo, nws paub ib tus neeg hauv Canadian Army uas yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov ntawd; nws tuaj yeem qhia cov ntaub ntawv sai sai. "
Invoking Gen. Charles Krulak, US marine uas tau sau lo lus "Peb Thaiv Tsov Rog" thiab leej twg, xyoo 1997, tau kwv yees qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "kev txav mus los" rau kev ua tsov rog xyoo pua 21, Roper tau hais tias hnub no, "qhov peb tab tom saib. yog transnational insurgencies."
Kev koom tes kom ze li sai tau nrog cov phooj ywg tseem ceeb xws li Canada tau pom tias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev coj ua qee tus kws tshaj lij COIN hu ua "kev tawm tsam thoob ntiaj teb."
Raws li Malevich, ib qho ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog "coj [US COIN] kev txawj ntse mus rau Canada thiab coj mus rau hauv Canadian tub rog kab lis kev cai."
Xws li qib ntawm COIN kev koom ua ke tsis tau ua tiav ua ntej, thiab nws nyuaj rau pom qhov cuam tshuam rau Canada cov tub rog kab lis kev cai, uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau hauv zej zog dav.
Roper hais tias "Qhov zoo dua cov neeg nkag siab qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov txaus ntshai [ntawm COIN], qhov kev paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov lawv tuaj yeem ua tau," Roper hais.
Hauv nws qhov kev taw qhia rau University of Michigan Xovxwm tsab ntawm US Army Stability Operations Manual, Janine Davidson lees paub tias, โ[Muaj] cov neeg uas pom cov lus qhuab qhia tshiab yog lwm kauj ruam txaus ntshai ntawm txoj kab nqes mus rau imperialism.โ
Davidson tso tseg cov neeg thuam, sau ntawv tias lawv "tsis to taub loj txog lub hom phiaj thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ua tub rog" -vim cov tub rog tsis tau teeb tsa cov cai uas xa lawv mus rau lwm lub tebchaws.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov neeg txhawb nqa COIN muaj txiaj ntsig xws li Eliot Cohen tau sib cav tias Tebchaws Meskas yuav tsum tsim kom muaj "Imperial Army," cov nyiam uas Canada tau nce ntxiv rau.
Anthony Fenton yog tus kws tshawb fawb ywj pheej thiab neeg sau xov xwm nyob hauv Pitt Meadows, BC. Kab lus no yog los ntawm ib phau ntawv uas nws tau tshawb fawb thiab sau nrog Jon Elmer. Fenton tuaj yeem hu rau ntawm [email tiv thaiv]
ZNetwork tau txais nyiaj tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua siab zoo ntawm nws cov neeg nyeem.
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