8) Muag riam phom - Kev lag luam tsis ncaj ncees tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb
"Nyob rau hauv nws [1996] caj npab-rau-Iraq enquiry, Tswv Richard Scott tau hnov cov pov thawj tias tag nrho cov theem ntawm tsoom fwv Thatcher, los ntawm cov laus cov tub ceev xwm mus rau cov nom tswv, tau dag thiab ua txhaum txoj cai nyob rau hauv muag riam phom rau Saddam Hussein ... Cov ntawv theej ntawm Baghdad Observer, thiab muaj cov duab ntawm… cov thawj coj nom tswv, nyob rau sab pem hauv ntej zaum nrog Saddam… nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sijhawm [nws] tau xaj kom gassing ntawm 5,000 Kurds”. (John Pilger (1))
Tsoomfwv Meskas muaj kev siv tub rog ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nrog kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev siv tub rog. Teb chaws Aas Kiv cov nuj nqis tsis tu ncua nyob rau saum 10.(2) Kev siv riam phom thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo yog $ 1.8 trillion, (3) nrog kev xa tawm txawv teb chaws kwv yees kwv yees li $ 100 billion. Muaj qee qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam riam phom loj loj. Ua ntej, kev ntseeg los ntawm peb cov nom tswv hais tias kev muag riam phom yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev ua phooj ywg nrog cov neeg txiav txim siab txawv teb chaws, pab kom cov neeg txiav txim siab hauv lub hwj chim, kom lawv mus rau hauv lub hwj chim thawj zaug thiab ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov thawj coj yav tom ntej hauv cov tub rog.(4) Thib ob, nws yog kev lag luam uas tsis ncaj ncees, zais cia thiab tsis lees paub hauv ntiaj teb, nrog txhua yam zais tom qab daim ntaub thaiv cuav ntawm 'kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws'. tus ncej tom ntej).
Ua kom Repressive Regimes nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim
Cov ntawv tshaj tawm yav dhau los tau piav qhia tias Asmeskas thiab Askiv txoj cai txawv teb chaws hloov pauv los ntawm kev txhawb nqa cov thawj coj uas yuav khiav lawv lub tebchaws hauv txoj hauv kev uas muaj txiaj ntsig rau Asmeskas thiab Askiv. Cov qauv zoo yuav yog Indonesia thiab Columbia, qhov twg ob qho tib si Asmeskas thiab Askiv tau muab riam phom, txawm tias paub tias tsoomfwv ntawm cov tebchaws no niaj hnub tua lawv cov pej xeem. Rov qab los, cov thawj coj no tso cai rau cov tuam txhab Western nkag mus rau cov peev txheej. Lub Chaw Haujlwm Txawv Tebchaws Askiv tau txheeb xyuas 20 'lub tebchaws muaj kev txhawj xeeb', xws li Egypt thiab Nigeria, uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo ntawm tib neeg txoj cai. Raws li txoj cai lij choj British nws yuav tsum tsis raug cai muag riam phom rau cov tebchaws no, tab sis Tebchaws Askiv tau muag riam phom rau 19 lub tebchaws los ntawm 2004-2006. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntev los no tau lees paub tias qhov kev muag khoom tsis raug cai no tseem muaj kev coj ua hauv tebchaws Askiv.(6) Tebchaws Asmeskas tseem muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm kev muag riam phom rau ntau lub ntiaj teb cov neeg tsim cai phem tshaj plaws thoob plaws Latin America, Africa thiab Asia.(7)
Txhua riam phom muag yog txhaum cai
Hauv txoj kev xav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev muag khoom raug cai thiab tsis raug cai. Nws raug cai muag qee yam riam phom, tab sis tsis yog lwm tus. Nws raug cai muag rau qee lub tebchaws, tab sis tsis yog rau lwm tus. Hauv kev xyaum, cov tuam txhab lag luam thiab tsoomfwv cov neeg ua haujlwm ua cov muag khoom no tsis quav ntsej cov kev sib txawv no. Tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov ntsiab lus, Andrew Feinstein, tau piav qhia tias nws tsis tau tuaj hla kev cog lus riam phom uas tsis yog qhov txhaum cai.
Muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm Tebchaws Askiv thiab Asmeskas muab riam phom rau leej twg, txawm li cas los xij, tsis raug cai, los ntawm kev xa lawv mus rau lwm lub tebchaws thiab sim ua kom tsis pom kev ntawm daim ntawv. tsis muaj tub rog. Qhov twg cov riam phom no ua tiav tsis paub, tab sis lawv tau pom meej meej rau lwm lub tebchaws. Cov neeg muag khoom yeej paub zoo tias ntau zaus cov neeg tau txais kev pabcuam zaum kawg xav tua lossis tswj tib neeg. Qhov no tau hais txog thaum xyoo 8 thaum lub tuam txhab British Matrix Churchill tau pom tias tau muab khoom siv los ua 'supergun' rau Saddam Hussein nrog kev txhawb nqa tag nrho ntawm Tsoomfwv Askiv, txawm tias thaum nws tau ua phem rau tib neeg txoj cai.
Hauv ib qho piv txwv tsis zoo ntawm Asmeskas kev ua txhaum cai, tsoomfwv Meskas tau muab riam phom rau Iran thaum xyoo 1980's hauv qhov uas hu ua Iran-Contra affair. Cov nyiaj thiab riam phom raug xa mus los ntawm cov tuam txhab cuav, cov txhab nyiaj hauv tuam txhab nyiaj hauv ntug dej thiab cov teb chaws txawv teb chaws kom cov muag khoom tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau tsoomfwv Meskas.(9) Qee cov nyiaj tau raug xa mus rau Nicaragua qhov chaw uas nws tau siv nyiaj txiag rau cov neeg ntxeev siab. cov tub rog (cov contras) uas tau sim rhuav tshem tsoomfwv, uas tau sim ua kom lub neej zoo dua rau cov neeg txom nyem.
Cov lus cog tseg tias lub teb chaws tau txais kev ua haujlwm txog kev siv lawv cov riam phom tshiab, xws li hais tias lawv tsuas yog siv rau kev cob qhia lossis kev tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj, tsis tshua muaj nqi. Cov ntaub ntawv rau kev muag dav hlau feem ntau muaj cov lus piav qhia xws li 'tus kws qhia' txhawm rau txhawm rau hais tias cov dav hlau yuav tsis siv rau lwm yam uas tsis yog kev cob qhia. Tab sis cov teb chaws qib siab tseem muab cov khoom tsim nyog los hloov tus kws qhia ntawd rau hauv lub dav hlau tawm tsam hauv av, uas tuaj yeem siv los tawm tsam cov pej xeem hauv zos, lossis tawm tsam lwm lub tebchaws. Txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv kev lag luam riam phom paub txog qhov no. Txhua qhov kev cog lus los ntawm tsoomfwv hais txog kev siv riam phom tsuas yog siv rau kev sib raug zoo rau pej xeem, yog li lawv tuaj yeem tsis lees txais kev koom tes nrog kev tua loj.(10)
Qhov Kev Lag Luam Loj Tshaj Plaws Hauv Ntiaj Teb
Nws kwv yees tias 40% ntawm tag nrho cov kev noj nyiaj txiag yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam riam phom. Qhov no ua rau nws yog kev lag luam tsis ncaj ncees tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, nrog kev noj nyiaj txiag cuam tshuam rau txhua lub teb chaws koom nrog, ob tus neeg yuav khoom thiab cov muag khoom. Piv txwv li, cov thawj tswj hwm nruj heev ntawm Saudi Arabia niaj hnub yuav riam phom siab heev, xws li cov tub rog dav hlau, los ntawm Tebchaws Askiv. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws Askiv (SFO) tau sim tshawb xyuas kev noj nyiaj txiag thaum lub sijhawm muag riam phom no. Qhov kev cog lus loj tshaj plaws, hu ua Al-Yamamah, koom nrog £ 6 billion hauv kev xiab. Tsoomfwv Askiv tau nqis los thiab nres qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, qhia meej tias kev sib raug zoo nrog cov teb chaws nplua nuj muaj roj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li lawv cov kev tsim txom tib neeg, lossis kev noj nyiaj txiag. Hauv Saudi deal, cov tsev pheej yig hauv London tau muab rau tus thawj coj ntawm British Aerospace.(11)
Cov kev cog lus thaum ntxov los ntawm tsoomfwv African National Congress (ANC) tshiab uas tau tuav lub zog hauv South Africa xyoo 1994 muab lwm qhov kev kawm zoo heev. Tsoom fwv tshiab tsis muaj cov yeeb ncuab tub rog, thiab tsis xav tau riam phom kim, tab sis lawv tau siv $ 10 nphom rau lawv thawj qhov kev pom zoo, suav nrog $ 300 lab nyiaj xiab. Lawv yuav cov dav hlau uas kim dua li cov tub rog xav tau. Ntau lub dav hlau no yeej tsis tau ya mus vim tsis muaj nyiaj yuav roj rau lawv, lossis cob qhia cov neeg tsav dav hlau, thiab lawv tsis muaj lub hom phiaj. Kev txiav txim siab tsuas yog 6 tus thawj coj xwb. Tus poj huab tais ntawm Askiv tau caw tag nrho 6 tus thawj coj hauv nws lub yacht, los pab 'lubricate' cov deals. South Africa Thawj Tswj Hwm Zuma tau ntsib ntau dua 700 qhov kev foob hais txog qhov kev pom zoo, tab sis tag nrho cov nqi raug poob. Lub xeev South Africa thiab ANC Party tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev noj nyiaj txiag txij thaum ntawd los. Thaum SFO tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas qhov kev pom zoo no, nrog rau 8 lwm tus, lub tuam txhab tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Askiv koom nrog, British Aerospace, tau lees paub txog kev suav nyiaj tsis raug cai thiab raug nplua nyiaj tsis tseem ceeb ntawm ib nrab lab phaus.(13) Cov tuam txhab riam phom ua tau zoo tshaj txoj cai. .
Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Tebchaws Askiv tsis txaus siab rau kev muag riam phom
Muaj ntau daim ntawv cog lus thoob ntiaj teb, hu ua conventions lossis treaties, hais txog kev muag lossis siv riam phom, tab sis cov no tsis ua haujlwm tshwj tsis yog txhua tus pom zoo rau lawv, thiab txhua tus tswj hwm lawv. Lub teb chaws tsis raug yuam kom sau npe rau lawv thiab Asmeskas tau ua tsis tiav los sau npe lossis tswj hwm ntau lub rooj sib tham txog kev lom neeg, khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam riam phom. Ntau txhiab tus neeg tseem raug tua los ntawm cov mines txhua xyoo, feem ntau ntawm lawv cov menyuam yaus, thiab muaj ntau lab tus mines tsis tau tawg nyob thoob ntiaj teb. Xyoo 14, Tebchaws Meskas tau thov kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov mines tawm tsam cov neeg ua haujlwm, tab sis xyoo 1996, Thawj Tswj Hwm George Bush tau hloov US txoj cai thiab qhia meej tias nws tsis muaj lub hom phiaj los koom nrog kev txiav npluav mine.(2004) Tsis ntev los no, Donald. Trump tshem tawm US kev txwv rau kev siv av.(15) Txawm hais tias UK qee zaum kos npe rau cov lus cog tseg, nws siv qhov khoob kom tau nyob ib puag ncig lawv.(16) Piv txwv li, txawm hais tias nws tau kos npe rau Daim Ntawv Pom Zoo ntawm Pawg Cluster Munitions (CCM) , nws tseem tau muab lawv rau Saudi Arabia tsis ntev los no li 17.
Ntsiab ntsiab lus
Cov riam phom yog siv los rhuav tshem tsoomfwv, txhawm rau tswj hwm tib neeg thiab tswj cov peev txheej.
Riam phom muag kev sib raug zoo nrog cov thawj coj thiab tub rog.
Kev lag luam riam phom yog kev lag luam tsis ncaj ncees tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb
ntxiv nyeem ntawv
Andrew Feinstein, Lub Ntiaj Teb Duab Ntxoo: Hauv Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb, 2011
Cov Vev Xaib Siv Tau
caat.org.uk - Kev Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Kev Lag Luam
projectindefencible.org
Andrew Feinstein: Tus Duab Ntxoo Ntiaj Teb ntawm Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb', tham ntawm Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, 22 Nov 2017, ntawm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCjZXCYD_8c
References
1) John Pilger, 'Dance on Thatcher's Grave, tab sis nco ntsoov tias muaj kev tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Askiv', 25 Plaub Hlis 2013, ntawm
2) SIPRI, 'Tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv International Arms Transfers, 2017', SIPRI, Lub Peb Hlis 2018, ntawm
https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2018-03/fssipri_at2017_0.pdf
3) 'SIPRI phau ntawv xyoo 2019: Kev Ua Tsov Rog, Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Thoob Ntiaj Teb', ntawm
https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/yb19_summary_eng_1.pdf
4) Norman Schwarzkopf, hais hauv Mark Curtis, Txoj Kev Lom zemXLIV, 1998, p
5) Andrew Feinstein, Lub Ntiaj Teb Duab Ntxoo: Hauv Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb, 2011
6) Saferworld, 'Qhov Zoo, Qhov Phem thiab Dab Tsi: Ib xyoo caum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm caj npab xa tawm', Tsib Hlis 2007, ntawm
http://curtisresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/The-Good-the-Bad-and-the-Ugly-rev.pdf
Anna Stavrianakis, 'Lub ntsej muag ntawm caj npab tswj', Lub Ob Hlis 2008, ntawm
https://www.caat.org.uk/resources/publications/government/facade-2008-02.pdf
Rick Kelsey, 'Los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws mus rau Saudi Arabia, ntawm no yog leej twg UK yog muag caj npab rau', BBC Newsbeat, 19 Dec 2016, ntawm
7) Thalif Deen, 'US ramps up arms supplies to repressive regimes', May 26, 2005, at www.antiwar.com/ips/deen.php?articleid=6080
8) Amnesty International, 'The Arms Campaign Report', 7 Lub Yim Hli 2003, ntawm
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/100000/act300012003en.pdf
9) Lub Sijhawm magazine, 'Nrhiav Kev Sib Txuas Nyiaj', Lub Ib Hlis 2007, ntawm
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1582830,00.html
10) Alan Clark, xam phaj hauv John Pilger, Tuag ntawm Ib Lub Tebchaws, 1994
Kuj pom Norman Schwarzkopf tham txog yuav ua li cas tswj cov khoom seem tuaj yeem txwv kev siv riam phom tom qab lawv tau muag, hais hauv Mark Curtis, Txoj Kev Lom zemXLIV, 1998, p
11) George Monbiot, 'Txhawb Kev Sib Haum Xeeb Yog Rau Wimps - Tseem Ceeb Tseem Ceeb Muag Riam Phom', Lub Yim Hli 24, 2006, ntawm
http://politics.guardian.co.uk/columnist/story/0,,1856916,00.html
12) Andrew Feinstein, 'Lub Ntiaj Teb Duab Ntxoo ntawm Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb', tham ntawm Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, 22 Nov 2017, ntawm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCjZXCYD_8c
13) Andrew Feinstein, 'Lub Ntiaj Teb Duab Ntxoo ntawm Kev Lag Luam Thoob Ntiaj Teb', tham ntawm Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, 22 Nov 2017, ntawm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCjZXCYD_8c
14) Andrew Buncombe, 'Incendiary Weapons: The Big White Lie', Kaum Ib Hlis 17, 2005, ntawm
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/incendiary-weapons-the-big-white-lie-515664.html
Julian Borger, 'US Riam Phom Secrets Exposed', Kaum Hli 29, 2002, ntawm https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/oct/29/usa.julianborger
15) Human Rights Watch, 'The Bush Administration's Landmine Policy', 7 Dec, 2004, at
https://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/arms/arms0805/2.htm
16) Idrees Ali, 'Trump txo qis kev txwv kev siv av los ntawm Asmeskas tub rog', 31 Lub Ib Hlis 2020, Reuters, ntawm
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-war-landmines-idUSKBN1ZU2GA
17) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_Cluster_Munitions
Rod Tsav yog ib qho kev kawm ib nrab hnub uas nyiam tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshaj tawm niaj hnub no hauv Asmeskas thiab Askiv. Qhov no yog qhov thib yim nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab hu ua Elephants In The Room, uas sim muab cov lus qhia pib rau kev nkag siab txog dab tsi tshwm sim tiag tiag hauv kev cuam tshuam txog kev ua tsov ua rog, kev ua phem, kev lag luam thiab kev txom nyem, yam tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj tseeb hauv cov xov xwm tseem ceeb.
Kab lus no tau tshaj tawm thawj zaug ntawm medium.com/elephantsintheroom
ZNetwork tau txais nyiaj tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua siab zoo ntawm nws cov neeg nyeem.
Pab Nyiaj